Renamed: The Living, the Dead, and the Global in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Christianity

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-839
Author(s):  
Hillary Kaell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Relations

Abstract Over the nineteenth century, thousands of North Americans and Europeans paid to sponsor and rename foreign children in mission stations across the world. This popular fundraising model has been largely unstudied to date. When the extant records are pieced together, it becomes evident that U.S. Protestants commonly renamed foreign children after their own beloved dead. As a result, these programs offer important insight into how Americans who never traveled abroad still cultivated global subjectivities—in this case, through their connections with other-than-human presences. By nurturing relations with what they viewed as globally active agents, such as God, angels, and the dead, U.S. donors cultivated a sense of themselves as subjects who were Christian, American, and globally active. For mourning families, renaming also seemed to impress their dead’s “qualities” onto foreign children, creating what they viewed as opportunities to collaborate with the dead and reconstitute some aspect of ruptured domestic relations. Focusing on a group often assumed to be the most disenchanted of nineteenth-century moderns—U.S. Protestants in the rising middle class—this article calls for more attention to the “otherworldly” in histories of global relations.

Women and Agency in Bankim’s Rajmohan’s Wife and Tagore’s The Home and The World

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Dhariwal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Status Of Women

Written almost half a century apart, Rajmohan’s Wife (1864) and The Home and the World (1916) can be read as women centric texts written in colonial India. The plot of both the texts is set in Bengal, the cultural and political centre of colonial India. Rajmohan’s Wife, arguably the first Indian English novel, is one of the first novels to realistically represent ‘Woman’ in the nineteenth century. Set in a newly emerging society of India, it provides an insight into the status of women, their susceptibility and dependence on men. The Home and the World, written at the height of Swadeshi movement in Bengal, presents its woman protagonist in a much progressive space. The paper closely examines these two texts and argues that women enact their agency in relational spaces which leads to the process of their ‘becoming’. The paper analyses this journey of the progress of the self, which starts with Matangini and culminates in Bimala. The paper concludes that women’s journey to emancipation is symbolic of the journey of the nation to independence.

scholarly journals On Time and Other Things: Some Cartesian Dichotomies in Antarctica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sarah de Barros Viana Hissa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Internal Time ◽  
Time Consciousness ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way ◽  
Global Relations

Antarctica differs from all other regions in the world, not only from its unique geography, but also in the way humans understand it and have incorporated it into global relations. Considering Antarctica's distinctive landscapes and human relations, this paper discusses aspects of how time is humanly perceived in Antarctica. Basing on elements from different human occupations, nineteenth-century sailor-hunters and current incursions, this discussion approximates different historical groups in their experiences of Antarctica, connecting their personal lives, past and present. Meanwhile, also put into issue are the dualities that separate nature and culture, physical and relative time, and past and present, as well as the related notions of time in itself, perceived time speed and internal time consciousness.

Class and its Distinctions

2018 ◽  
pp. 500-516
Author(s):  
Chris Vanden Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
The Way

Dickens employs a range of class discourses to imagine possibilities of social being defined in terms of middle-class selfhood. This self seeks social inclusion represented as the achievement of the status of the gentleman or gentlewoman. The nineteenth-century shift of gentility from inborn quality to a quality of character that is earned through self-making in turn raises the possibility of mere self-invention and along with it the pursuit of self-interest at the expense of others. This problematic accounts for the repeated plot structure in which a protagonist is excluded from genteel society and can only re-enter it through earning his or her way in the world. In the late novels, Dickens focuses in particular on the way in which the desire for social inclusion is generated by gestures of exclusion and thus questions gentility as a viable category for defining social being.

The Rustic Man: The Rural Schoolmaster in Nineteenth-Century France

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Day
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Normal Schools ◽  
Professional Goals ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
The Law ◽  
Insight Into

Historians who have studied French primary education during the nineteenth century, Maurice Gontard, Jacques and Mona Ozouf, and Peter Meyer, have noted the great gains made by the instituteurs and their growing professional-ization from the time of the law of 1833 to the law of the 1880s. Improvements in the quality of teaching derived mainly from the introduction of a national system of normal schools (écoles normales primaires) by the Law on Primary Education of 1833. This article will discuss the history, programs, and organization of these schools and the origin and backgrounds of their students. It will also examine 280 essays written by schoolmasters in 1861 on the state of primary education in the towns and villages of France; these mémoires, written for the most part by graduates of the normal schools, provide first-hand insight into the teacher himself, his professional goals and sense of mission, and how he viewed the world around him in the middle of the last century.

Advertising for Love

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
Matrimonial Advertisements ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses how matrimonial ads give a new and unique insight into the way that rapid urban growth and capitalism of the nineteenth century affected people's intimate lives and their approach to experiencing love. Matrimonial advertisers provide an excellent window into how these upheavals in society were negotiated; they were ordinary men and women who wanted nothing more than to conform to a middle-class lifestyle but felt forced to find traditional relationships in an unconventional fashion. Matrimonial advertisements provided a space, for urban dwellers in particular, in which to experiment with a new kind of personal interaction. Matrimonials revealed individuals who were on the move—both geographically and socially—circulating themselves in public in an attempt to find intimacy.

Migration Infrastructure and Brokerage in Victorian Female Emigration Societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-50
Author(s):  
Marie Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract In the nineteenth century, female mobility was eased by a variety of intermediary structures, which interacted to direct the migration of British women to the Empire. Among these migration infrastructures were female emigration societies such as the Female Middle Class Emigration Society (1861–1886). This organisation was the first to assist gentlewomen in emigrating. It adopted a holistic approach to British female emigration by promoting women’s departure, selecting candidates, arranging their protection on the voyage, as well as their reception in the colonies. Grounded in a multifactorial perspective, this article offers an insight into how female migration brokerage came into being in the Victorian context. It intersects migration with gender and labour perspectives in a trans-sectorial approach of the history of female migration infrastructures in the British Empire, and reveals the diversity of transnational migration intermediaries interacting at meso level between female emigrants, non-state actors, and state institutions.

The Saintly Child in Nineteenth-Century American Fiction

Prospects ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 389-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Tropp Trensky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
The World ◽  
Innocent Child ◽  
Insight Into

In 1820, Hawthorne wrote “The Gentle Boy,” the story of Ilbrahim, who, too pure and fragile to survive the cruelties of the world, dies young. “His gentle spirit … from Heaven” chastens his “fierce and vindictive” mother, teaching her true religion. Here, in one of the earliest stories of the saintly child, we see the basic pattern for hundreds of stories that were the favorite reading of nineteenth-century America—the confrontation between an innocent child and. a corrupt society, and the demonstration of the ultimate power of innocence. For the modern reader, the saintly child stories offer a valuable insight into the tastes of our recent ancestors: they enjoyed the most heavy-handed sentimentality, the crudest pathos, a sickly religiosity, and a trumped-up mysticism. And sex, though banished from these works, frequently sneaks back into the stories—albeit unconsciously—often in incestuous forms.

Moeller van den Bruck: Inventor of the “Third Reich”

1941 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Third Reich

In December, 1922, a resident of Berlin finished the manuscript of a book which, although far from becoming a best-seller, was destined to make history, if only through its title. The book was Das Dritte Reich, and its author, Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, was a German intellectual, then in his forties, who had a theory purporting to explain Germany's downfall as well as a vision of her recovery and return to a leading position in the world.One may well be uncertain as to whether Moeller, had he lived, would have found himself altogether in agreement with the policies and methods of the régime for which he accidentally furnished so attractive a label, or whether he would have found himself among the dead on the morrow of June 30, 1934; but there can be little doubt that the author of Das Dritte Reich belongs among the contributors to the creed in the name of which Germany is ruled today.Moeller van den Bruck was born in 1876 in the Rhineland, the son of a middle-class architect and Prussian official whose family went back to Lutheran pastor stock in Saxony. From his mother's side he inherited Dutch-Spanish blood and, from her Dutch maiden name, the more romantic-sounding portion of his pen name. His formal education was never completed after he was expelled from the Gymnasium at Düsseldorf as penalty for his indifference in class, resulting from his preoccupation with modern German literature (social lyrics) and philosophy (Nietzsche), which to the lad of sixteen seemed of vastly greater “social significance” than what his teachers had to offer.

John Clare and the Ghosts of Natures Past

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bewell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
John Clare ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

Alan Bewell, “John Clare and the Ghosts of Natures Past” (pp. 548–578) This essay seeks to read John Clare's poetry in terms of the poetry of exile. Clare directly confronted what it means to lose one's place in the world, to be exiled from a place not because you have left it, but because it has left you. No Romantic poet wrote more passionately than Clare about the joy of experiencing nature in all its immediacy, and no poet argued more strongly for its permanence and continuity across generations, and yet few poets have conveyed in more poignant terms what it means to lose one's nature for good. This paper considers Clare as a poet who writes about what it means to experience the end of nature and to live on long after the nature that one took to be basic to one's life was gone. Although for many people during the nineteenth century such an idea was unthinkable, for many others, especially in colonial contexts, it was a fact of life. Alongside the many new natures that were coming into being at this time, others were being destroyed or utterly changed. Clare's poetry gives us some insight into what it meant to at least one author to survive the death of one's nature.

Decadence

Picture World ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 348-407
Author(s):  
Rachel Teukolsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Graphic Designer ◽  
Insight Into

Chapter 6 looks to the end of the nineteenth century to study the rise of the artistic advertising poster. Posters were mass-produced, disposable, and advertised commodities like cocoa and the circus. But they also starred in major art exhibitions in London and Paris and were attacked for their “decadent,” avant-garde styles. In fact, posters offer surprising insight into the Decadent Movement, which is usually associated with 1890s literary authors like Oscar Wilde and Joris-Karl Huysmans. The chapter shows how decadence manifested in visual media, including the advertising poster. Though decadence typically connotes aristocratic nostalgia, it was in fact reacting to a new, middle-class consumer culture of which it was very much a part. The graphic designer Aubrey Beardsley used decadent visual styles to create advertising posters, shocking critics while successfully marketing consumer goods. As posters became metaphysical symbols of commercial modernity, some feared that they presaged imminent cultural decline.

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