"You Know Very Well You're Not Real": Victorian Children's Fantasy Literature and the Problem of Writing the Child

<p>This thesis examines eight "Golden Age"children's fantasy narratives and uncovers their engagement with the "impossibility" of writing the child. Only recently has children's literature criticism recognised that the child in the text and the implied child reader cannot stand in for the "real" child reader. This is an issue which other literary criticism has been at pains to acknowledge, but which children's literature critics have neglected. I have based my reading on critics such as Karin Lesnik-Oberstein, Jacqueline Rose and Perry Nodelman, all of whom are concerned to expose the term "child" as an adult cultural construction, one which becomes problematic when it is made to stand in for real children. I read the child in the text as an entity which contains and is tainted by the trace of the adult who writes it; it is therefore impossible for a pure, innocent child to exist in language, the province of the adult. Using Derrida's conception of the trace and his famous statement that "there is nothing outside of the text," I demonstrate that the idea of the innocent child, which was central to Rousseau's Emile and the Romantic Child which is supposed to have been authored by Wordsworth and inherited wholesale by his Victorian audience, is possible only as a theory beyond language. The Victorian texts I read, which include Lewis Carroll's Alice texts, George MacDonald's At the Back of the North Wind and the Princess texts, Kingsley's The Water Babies and Mrs. Molesworth's The Cuckoo Clock and The Tapestry Room, all explore different ways in which the child might be successfully articulated: in language, in death, and through the return journey into fantasy. While all the texts attempt to reach the child, all ultimately foreground the failure of this enterprise. When a language is created which is child-authored, it fails as communication and meaning breaks down; when the adult ceases to write the narrative, the child within it ceases to exist.</p>

"You Know Very Well You're Not Real": Victorian Children's Fantasy Literature and the Problem of Writing the Child

<p>This thesis examines eight "Golden Age"children's fantasy narratives and uncovers their engagement with the "impossibility" of writing the child. Only recently has children's literature criticism recognised that the child in the text and the implied child reader cannot stand in for the "real" child reader. This is an issue which other literary criticism has been at pains to acknowledge, but which children's literature critics have neglected. I have based my reading on critics such as Karin Lesnik-Oberstein, Jacqueline Rose and Perry Nodelman, all of whom are concerned to expose the term "child" as an adult cultural construction, one which becomes problematic when it is made to stand in for real children. I read the child in the text as an entity which contains and is tainted by the trace of the adult who writes it; it is therefore impossible for a pure, innocent child to exist in language, the province of the adult. Using Derrida's conception of the trace and his famous statement that "there is nothing outside of the text," I demonstrate that the idea of the innocent child, which was central to Rousseau's Emile and the Romantic Child which is supposed to have been authored by Wordsworth and inherited wholesale by his Victorian audience, is possible only as a theory beyond language. The Victorian texts I read, which include Lewis Carroll's Alice texts, George MacDonald's At the Back of the North Wind and the Princess texts, Kingsley's The Water Babies and Mrs. Molesworth's The Cuckoo Clock and The Tapestry Room, all explore different ways in which the child might be successfully articulated: in language, in death, and through the return journey into fantasy. While all the texts attempt to reach the child, all ultimately foreground the failure of this enterprise. When a language is created which is child-authored, it fails as communication and meaning breaks down; when the adult ceases to write the narrative, the child within it ceases to exist.</p>

Feeling as Consciousness of Value

A vast range of our everyday experiences seem to involve an immediate consciousness of value. We hear the rudeness of someone making offensive comments. In seeing someone risking her life to save another, we recognize her bravery. When we witness a person shouting at an innocent child, we feel the unfairness of this action. If, in learning of a close friend’s success, envy arises in us, we experience our own emotional response as wrong. How are these values apprehended? The three most common answers provided by contemporary philosophy explain the consciousness of value in terms of judgment, emotion, or perception. An alternative view endorsed mainly by authors inspired by the phenomenological tradition argues that values are apprehended by an intentional feeling. In this model, it is by virtue of a feeling that objects are presented as being in different degrees and nuances fair or unfair, boring or funny, good or bad. This paper offers an account of this model of feeling and its basic features, and defends it over alternative models. To this end, the paper discusses different versions of the model circulating in current research which until now have developed in parallel rather than in mutual exchange. The paper also applies the proposed account to the moral domain and examines how a feeling of values is presupposed by several moral experiences.

KELEKATAN ANAK PADA ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF DAN HARGA DIRI

Parental attachment does unequivocally have a pivotal relationship with emotion. Parent, especially a mom, is the first and foremost person who has the emotion bond with her child. This bond affects the most of the development of a child. The absent of fulfilment of emotion needs in caregiving of a child, such as a feeling of safety, love and/or compassion, attention, and appreciation, will take an innocent child to a stage of susceptibility that will drive him to be a “vulnerable child” that is a child with fragile personality, frail, fearful, lack of contentment and happiness, et cetera. Parental attachment in the period of growth and development can help challenging tasks so as to trigger cognitive development to the fullest and the growing of sense of self-esteem of a child. This research is using a qualitative approach and analysis, while the type of research is library research.

Minor Representations: From Anne Frank to Bana Alabed – The Radically Performative Literacies of a Viral Child

In this article, I construct a comparative analysis of two forms of child-authored life-narrative: the famous Diary of a Young Girl written by Anne Frank and the contemporary Twitter stream authored by the Syrian child-writer Bana Alabed. My interest in these two textual practices is focused on how they each formulate notions and experiences of temporality that are central to how conceptions of the modern, innocent child and its most recent counterpart – a figure whom I term the viral child – function. Across this analysis, I observe how the textual utterances performed by each child-author make specific claims about the autobiographical ‘I’ as it enacts a literary relationship to the temporality of its ongoing construction. I argue that the radical shift in relations between the child-figure and the future cast by Alabed’s tweets positions the viral child as not only a voice, but also a medium, of the cultural present.

Newborn Baby Killed a Father

A man aged 57 years old came with two older children on 6th September 2018. year to a hospital in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, for a wife who had given birth to their third child a few days earlier. On his way home, he stopped the car at one chasm. The wife moved away from the two older children to not see what their father would do. He threw his just born son into the chasm. This is a very terrible event that sets out a series of questions from the area of family relations, social welfare, social policy, medicine and, in particular, the field of law and forensics. Since this terrible event contains characteristics of several criminal acts, this paper will focus on murder and infanticide. The question of all questions is what can be done in such cases. The mother should prevent father of the baby from doing such a terrible criminal act, but apparently she did not do it. She know why. The mother of the baby knew what father of the baby was planning to do. From that reason, she remove two elderly children from the point of committing the criminal act. Social services in these situations can not do anything because no one called them for help. In cases like this, the most important roles play Forensics and Law. Forensics proved that the baby was murdered in a cruel way, and the court pronounced the sentences. Unfortunately, one innocent child life has been lost. Keywords: Father; Mother; Child; Murder; Homicide