Changes in the Fatty Acid Pattern of the Adipose Tissue of Obese Subjects while on a Reducing Regimen

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MACDONALD ◽  
P. J. C. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Obese Subjects

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

scholarly journals The fatty acid pattern of adipose tissue and liver triglycerides according to fat droplet size in liver parenchymal cells of diabetic subjects

Diabetologia ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Singer ◽  
G. Gnauck ◽  
G. Honigmann ◽  
P. Stolz ◽  
V. Schliack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Liver Parenchymal ◽  
Liver Triglycerides ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

scholarly journals Adipose tissue fatty acid and lipid mediator composition in obesity and response to chronic marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Fisk ◽  
Rob Ayres ◽  
Caroline Childs ◽  
Elizabeth Miles ◽  
Ondrej Kudak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Total Lipid Extract ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Glycerol Ester ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractIntroduction:Obesity is an excess of adipose tissue (AT) and is linked with increased inflammation that enhances risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The BIOCLAIMS study assessed the fatty acid (FA) and lipid mediator composition in normal weight and obese individuals, and their response to chronic omega-3 FA supplementation.Materials and methods:AT biopsies were collected pre- and post-12 week supplementation with 1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA/day or corn oil. The composition of FA in the total lipid extract (TLE) of AT from 37 normal weight and 44 obese subjects was assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and the concentration of lipid mediators in AT TLE of 36 normal weight and 45 obese subjects by coupled GC-mass spectrometry.Results:AT of obese subjects had higher concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), EPA, DPA, PGF2α, arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), and eicosapentaenoylethanolamine (EPEA) than that of normal weight subjects (P < 0.05). Obese subjects also had and lower concentrations of mediators derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, DHA-derived mediators including RvD2 and hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs), AA-derived mediators including lipoxin-B4, hepoxilin-A3, 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatetrienoic acid (DHET), and 6-keto-PGF1α, and the FA ethanolamine of myristic acid and glycerol ester of palmitic acid (P < 0.05 all) than normal weight subjects.Chronic supplementation with EPA + DHA increased the concentration of EPA (P = 0.006) and EPA-derived lipid mediators including dihydroxyeicosatetrienoic acids, EPEA, and EPA-glycerol ester (P < 0.05), and increased the concentration of DHA (P < 0.001), docosahexaenoylethanolamine, and 8-, 11-, 14-, and 16-HDHA (P < 0.05). Chronic supplementation with EPA + DHA also decreased the concentration 4-, 17-, and 20-HDHA, and AA-derived lipid mediators including DHETs, AEA, and LTs in normal weight subjects (P < 0.05), and decreased 2-AG in obese subjects (P < 0.05).Discussion:These data indicate altered lipid signalling in AT in obesity (at baseline) suggesting dysregulation of adipose tissue expansion and inflammatory signalling, including lack of self-resolution, as well as dysregulation in the utilization of supplementary EPA + DHA for synthesis of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. EPA + DHA are able to modulate synthesis of EPA-, DHA- and AA-derived lipid mediators but obesity may involve resistance to these effects particularly in endocannabinoid synthesis.

Fat content and fatty acid pattern in muscle and adipose tissue from differently reared calves

Meat Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Seewald ◽  
Hans M. Eichinger ◽  
Heimo Scherz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Fat Content

The fatty acid pattern of triglycerides in liver, adipose tissue and serum of diabetics with hyperlipoproteinemia before and during clofibrate treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Singer ◽  
Gerhard Gnauck ◽  
Gerhard Honigmann ◽  
Henning Thoelke ◽  
Volker Schliack
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern

MODE OF ACTION OF CHOLINE: I. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LIVER, SERUM, AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF CHOLINE-DEFICIENT RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chalvardjian
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction

Young albino rats were fed choline-deficient and choline-supplemented diets, fat-free and containing two different levels of fat (4%, 30%), for 2 weeks. The fatty acid pattern of the major lipid fractions of liver, serum, and adipose tissue was determined by thin-layer and gas–liquid chromatography. It was found that (a) no quantitative similarities in fatty acid pattern existed between hepatic triglycerides on the one hand and adipose tissue, serum triglycerides, and dietary fat on the other, but the fatty acid composition of hepatic triglycerides bore a closer resemblance to that of dietary fat when the latter was increased to 30%; (b) under the conditions of this experiment, the level of dietary fat had a more marked effect on altering the fatty acid composition of tissues, especially the triglyceride fraction, than the level of choline in the diet; and (c) a relative preponderance of 16-carbon fatty acids occurred in hepatic triglycerides of choline-deficient animals fed the fat-free and low-fat diets.

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