scholarly journals Effects of red meat, white meat, and nonmeat protein sources on atherogenic lipoprotein measures in the context of low compared with high saturated fat intake: a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bergeron ◽  
Sally Chiu ◽  
Paul T Williams ◽  
Sarah M King ◽  
Ronald M Krauss
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Ldl Particles

ABSTRACTBackgroundDietary recommendations to limit red meat are based on observational studies linking intake to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk together with the potential of its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content to raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. However, the relation of white meat to CVD risk, and the effects of dietary protein source on lipoprotein particle subfractions, have not been extensively evaluated.ObjectiveWe tested whether levels of atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins differed significantly following consumption of diets with high red meat content compared with diets with similar amounts of protein derived from white meat or nonmeat sources, and whether these effects were modified by concomitant intake of high compared with low SFAs.MethodsGenerally healthy men and women, 21–65 y, body mass index 20–35 kg/m2, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 parallel arms (high or low SFA) and within each, allocated to red meat, white meat, and nonmeat protein diets consumed for 4 wk each in random order. The primary outcomes were LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), small + medium LDL particles, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsAnalysis included participants who completed all 3 dietary protein assignments (61 for high SFA; 52 for low SFA). LDL cholesterol and apoB were higher with red and white meat than with nonmeat, independent of SFA content (P < 0.0001 for all, except apoB: red meat compared with nonmeat [P = 0.0004]). This was due primarily to increases in large LDL particles, whereas small + medium LDL and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were unaffected by protein source (P = 0.10 and P = 0.51, respectively). Primary outcomes did not differ significantly between red and white meat. Independent of protein source, high compared with low SFA increased LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0003), apoB (P = 0.0002), and large LDL (P = 0.0002).ConclusionsThe findings are in keeping with recommendations promoting diets with a high proportion of plant-based food but, based on lipid and lipoprotein effects, do not provide evidence for choosing white over red meat for reducing CVD risk. This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01427855.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATA N EKSTRAK DAUN WUNGU {Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.} UNTUK PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL SERUM DARAH MENCIT BETINA YANG DIOVARIEKTOMI

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Listijani Suhargo
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice

The purpose of this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of daun wungu extracts to decrease total cholesterol, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol of ovariectomized mice. This research used 24 ovariectomized mice and 8 normal mice. The ovariectomized mice were grouped in 3 groups for K1 (the treatment with aquadest, 0.05 ml), K2 (the treatment with fish oil, 0.05 ml) and P (the treatment with daun wungu extracts, 0.5 mg in 0.05 ml fish oil). All treatments were done for 20 days. At the end of the treatments, the blood (0.5 ml) was taken from cardiac by tuberculin disposable syringe. And then with fotometry, serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol were measured. The result of this research showed that daun wungu extracts (0.5 mg in 0.05 ml fish oil) could not decrease HDL cholesterol, but it could decrease total and LDL cholesterol of blood serum in ovariectomized mice.

Lipoprotein subfraction LDL-5 and the presence of coronary atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Klevjer ◽  
J.C Saether ◽  
E Vesterbekkmo ◽  
G Giskeoedegaard ◽  
T Bathen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Ldl Particles

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) has high mortality rates and is a frequent cause of death globally. Serum lipids play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis, and elevated levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides are well known risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there are limitations in the ability to predict CVD risk, which has led to an increased clinical interest in identifying novel risk markers. With the advances in lipidomic technology, lipoprotein subfractions may provide additional information that is missing in today's evaluation of CVD risk. Lipoprotein subfractions differ in size and density, and recent studies suggest that high density of small LDL particles provide a greater risk for CVD. Purpose To investigate whether lipoprotein subfractions are associated with the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods Fasting serum samples from 60 participants with suspected stable CAD were collected before scheduled coronary angiography, and analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The presence and extent of atherosclerosis were quantified by the Gensini Score. Participants were classified into one of three Gensini groups based on severity (&lt;20.5, normal; 20.6–30, non-significant CAD; &gt;30.1, significant CAD). Results A three-way ANOVA, adjusted for statin-use and sex, revealed statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.005) in LDL-5 particle number, LDL-5 triglycerides, and LDL-5 phospholipids between the Gensini groups. In addition, significant differences (p&lt;0.005) were found in the ratios apolipoprotein A/apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol between the Gensini groups. All significant variables, identified by the three-way ANOVA, displayed the highest levels in the Gensini group with significant CAD. Conclusion Despite no difference in the traditional clinical measurements (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides), NMR-lipidomics revealed significant differences in LDL-5 between the Gensini groups. Interestingly, our results reveal that those with significant CAD have a higher density of small LDL subfractions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Norwegian Health Association, The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway

scholarly journals Atorvastatin Improves Postprandial Lipoprotein Metabolism in Normolipidemic Subjects1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 4224-4230
Author(s):  
Klaus G. Parhofer ◽  
P. Hugh R. Barrett ◽  
Peter Schwandt
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atorvastatin Therapy ◽  
Postprandial Lipoprotein

Atorvastatin is a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and fasting triglyceride concentrations. Because of the positive association between elevated postprandial lipoproteins and atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of atorvastatin on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. The effect of 4 weeks of atorvastatin therapy (10 mg/day) was evaluated in 10 normolipidemic men (30 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 22 ± 3 kg/m2; cholesterol, 4.84 ± 0.54 mmol/L; triglyceride, 1.47 ± 0.50 mmol/L; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.17 ± 0.18 mmol/L; LDL-cholesterol, 3.00 ± 0.49 mmol/L). Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism was evaluated with a standardized fat load (1300 kcal, 87% fat, 7% carbohydrates, 6% protein, 80,000 IU vitamin A) given after 12 h fast. Plasma was obtained every 2 h for 14 h. A chylomicron (CM) and a chylomicron-remnant (CR) fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation, and triglycerides, cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, apoB-48, and retinyl-palmitate were determined in plasma and in each lipoprotein fraction. Atorvastatin therapy significantly (P &lt; 0.001) decreased fasting cholesterol (−28%), triglycerides (−30%), LDL- cholesterol (-41%), and apolipoprotein B (−39%), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (4%, not significant). The area under the curve for plasma triglycerides (−27%) and CR triglycerides (−40%), cholesterol (−49%), and apoB-48 (−43%) decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05), whereas CR retinyl-palmitate decreased (−34%) with borderline significance (P = 0.08). However, none of the CM parameters changed with atorvastatin therapy. This indicates that, in addition to improving fasting lipoprotein concentrations, atorvastatin improves postprandial lipoprotein metabolism presumably by increasing CR clearance or by decreasing the conversion of CMs to CRs, thus increasing the direct removal of CMs from plasma.

New assay of apolipoproteins A-I and B by rate nephelometry evaluated.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Maciejko ◽  
S S Levinson ◽  
L Markyvech ◽  
M P Smith ◽  
R D Blevins
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Calibration Line ◽  
Subsequent Revision

Abstract We evaluated new, commercially available reagents for assaying apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B by rate nephelometry (INA). Our initial linearity studies for apoA-I indicated that use of the commercial diluent resulted in incomplete immunoreactivity. Subsequent revision of the calibration line by the manufacturer compensated for this and improved the linearity for the apoA-I assay. We observed good linearity for the apoB assay. The within-run CVs were less than 4.0% and the between-run CVs were less than 5.5% for both assays. Results were 109% for apoA-I and 101% for apoB as compared with those measured for IUIS-WHO reference materials from the Centers for Disease Control. Recovery averaged 103% for apoA-I and 105% for apoB, for duplicate assays of three concentrations of purified apoA-I and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Assaying sera from 45 patients, we demonstrated a good correlation between INA and radial immunodiffusion for both apoA-I (r = 0.92) and apoB (r = 0.95). Correlations between apoA-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and between apoB and LDL cholesterol compared favorably with previous reports. We conclude that these assays are accurate, precise, and easily automated for clinical application.

scholarly journals Evaluation of non-HDL-c and total cholesterol: HDL-c Ratio as Cumulative Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-404
Author(s):  
M Aryal ◽  
A Poudel ◽  
B Satyal ◽  
P Gyawali ◽  
B R Pokheral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD), is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes and have approximately - two to four times higher CVD rate than adult without diabetes. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is primarily used as the marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes despite its several limitations. Although several newer markers of CVD are emerging, no marker has been established in Nepal. Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the non-high-density-lipoprotein- cholesterol(Non-HDL-C) and Total Cholesterol to High density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC:HDL-C ratio) as CVD risk marker in diabetes mellitus. Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Bbiochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. The study comprised of 76 diabetic subjects and 60 non-diabetic subjects. The anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. The Non-HDL-C and TC:HDL-C ratio were also calculated employing their respective formula. Results Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure and lipid parameters were significantly different between diabetic subjects and non-diabetic subjects. There was increased non-HDL-C and TC:HDL-C ratio in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations of non-HDL-C and TC:HDL-C ratio were obtained with BMI, WC, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C in diabetic subjects. Conclusions The present study observation revealed that the Non-HDL-C and TC: HDL-C strongly correlate with established independent risk factors such as obesity(WC), elevated blood pressure, HDL-C and LDL-C in diabetes. Thus, the evaluation of Non-HDL-C and TC: HDL-C ratio can be used as the simple, cost-effective and cumulative marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6239 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):398-404 

scholarly journals Different Associations between High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetic and Non-diabetic People: A Prospective Community-based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Cheng Jin ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Experimental studies found that the functionality of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may be lost in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). We prospectively tested whether DM modified the association between HDL-C concentrations and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: Included were 91,354 Chinese adults (8,244 participants with DM and 83,110 participants without DM) without use of lipid-lowering drugs and free of CVD or cancer at baseline (2006). The primary endpoint of interest was a composite of CVD (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke). Cumulative average HDL-C concentrations were calculated from all available HDL-C measures at baseline (2006) and during the follow-up period (2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014).Results: During a mean of 10.4 year of follow-up, there were 5,076 CVD events identified. Presence of DM significantly modified the association between HDL-C concentrations and CVD risk (Pinteraction =0.003). The association between HDL-C concentrations and CVD followed a U-shaped curve in individuals without DM (Pnonlinearity <0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CVD was 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.48) for HDL-C concentrations <1.04 mmol/L and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.56-2.07) for HDL-C concentrations >2.07 mmol/L, relative to the lowest risk group (HDL-C concentrations of 1.30-1.42mmol/L). In participants with DM, higher HDL-C concentrations were associated with a higher risk of CVD, in a dose-response manner (Pnonlinearity =0.44; Ptrend <0.001). The adjusted HR of CVD was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.20-2.20) for HDL-C concentrations >2.07 mmol/L, relative to HDL-C concentrations of 1.30-1.42mmol/L. Conclusion: High HDL-C concentrations were paradoxically associated with increased risk of composite CVD outcomes in individuals with or without DM. However, low HDL-C concentrations failed to predict future CVD risk in individuals with DM.

scholarly journals Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may predict the cardio-cerebrovascular risk in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denggui Luo ◽  
Yueming Luo ◽  
Yanhong Zou ◽  
Yuanzhao Xu ◽  
Bo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) may be an independent risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD); however, the cutoff level in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is unknown. Methods This was a retrospective multicenter study of MHD patients treated at 10 dialysis centers in Guangdong Province from July 1, 2016, to April 1, 2017. Laboratory test data were collected and CVD complications and outcomes recorded. Results In total, 1288 eligible patients were included in this study; the non-HDL-C interquartile range was 2.76 (2.24–3.45) mmol/L. Over a median follow-up time of 24 months, 141 patients developed CVD. The non-HDL-C level was a principal risk factor for such events (P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval 0.800–0.842). The maximum Youden index was 0.549 and the best cutoff > 3.39 mmol/L. Conclusion Higher baseline non-HDL-C levels may increase the CVD risk in MHD patients. Thus, non-HDL-C effectively predicts CVD.

Prospective studies on the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Chirovsky ◽  
Veronika Fedirko ◽  
Yadong Cui ◽  
Vasilisa Sazonov ◽  
Philip Barter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cvd Risk

Epidemiological studies have extensively evaluated the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective of this systematic review was to enumerate the number of original prospective studies that showed a significant association between HDL-C and CVD risk and provided evidence of the consistency of this association across other lipid risk factors. A systematic MEDLINE literature search identified 53 prospective cohort and five nested case-control studies that provided multivariate assessments of the association between HDL-C and CVD risk. Among these 58 prospective studies, 31 studies found a significant inverse association between HDL-C and CVD risk for all CVD outcomes and subpopulations studied, whereas 17 studies found a significant association for some CVD outcomes and/or subpopulations assessed. The ratio of studies that found a significant association out of the total studies identified was similar across all CVD outcomes, although there was less evidence for stroke and atherosclerotic outcomes. Only seven studies tested for the consistency of this association across other lipid risk factors, of which six studies suggested that the association was consistent across other lipid levels. In conclusion, the association between HDL-C and CVD risk is significant and strong, although further evidence may be needed to establish whether this association is consistent across other lipid risk factors. Furthermore, uncertainties remain regarding the mechanism in which HDL-C exerts its effects, suggesting a need for further research focused on new methods for reliable measurement.

Impact of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor on Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in Sichuan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Hongjian Xie ◽  
Min Min ◽  
Siqi Guo ◽  
Yang Xian ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies have demonstrated the close relationship between vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and obesity. Nevertheless, few studies have reported wherther the relationship among these is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Chinese children and adolescents. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The present study aimed to reveal the effects of obesity, serum vitamin D levels, and VDR <i>FokI</i> genotype on the risk of CVDs in children and adolescents in Sichuan, China. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Children and adolescents were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Serum vitamin D levels, serum lipid levels, and VDR <i>FokI</i> gene polymorphisms were measured in the laboratory. The selected lipid factors were used as biomarkers of CVD risk. The impact of obesity, vitamin D levels and VDR <i>FokI</i> genotype on CVD risk factors were investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Higher lipid levels were observed in children and adolescents in the obese group, when compared to the nonobese group. In the obese group, the C allele carriers had significantly lower concentrations of lipids, when compared to the TT genotype. C allele carriers who were vitamin D deficient had lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C), and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), when compared to those with the TT genotype in obese children and adolescents. For vitamin D-insufficient obese children and adolescents, the TC, Apo-B, and TC/HDL-C in the C allele carriers were significantly lower, when compared to those in the TT genotype in obese children and adolescents. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Obese children with low vitamin D levels, who are carriers of the C allele of the <i>FokI</i> gene, have lower levels of several biochemical markers of CVD risk, when compared to those who were TT homozygous. Obese children and adolescents may benefit from vitamin D supplementation, terms of lowering their CVD risk, particularly when they are carriers of the C allele of the <i>FokI</i> gene.

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