scholarly journals Comparison of two Neem Insecticides for Fall Webworm Control, Laboratory Bioassay 1992

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
Thomas B. Eckberg
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Fall Webworm ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Field collected late instar fall webworm larvae were divided into groups of ten and placed in petri dishes. Six groups (60 larvae) were used in each treatment. Chokecherry foliage was treated by dipping in the various solutions tested and allowing to air dry. On August 6, the larvae were fed the treated foliage for the first 3 days, and subsequently fed untreated foliage for the duration of the experiment. Larval mortality was assessed on August 10 (4 DAT), August 13 (7 DAT), and August 17 (11 DAT).

scholarly journals Laboratory Bioassay of Beauveria Bassiana, Spinosad, Garlic, and Neem-Derived Products for Control of Grasshoppers

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-372
Author(s):  
Nihat Demirel ◽  
Whitney Cranshaw
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Trials were conducted with adult, field collected migratory grasshoppers to determine susceptibility to ingestion expo sure to Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA (BotaniGard WP), spinosad (Conserve SC) a garlic-derived insecticide/repellent (Garlic Barrier), neem oil (Tril ogy) and a neem extract (BioNeem). Field collected late instar grasshoppers were confined, 8 per petri dish (100 mm X 15 mm), with 6 petri dishes usetl per treatment. Treatments involved dipping alfalfa leaves into the insecticide solutions and allowing them to air dry before feeding these to the grasshop pers. After the originally treated foliage were consumed, untreated foliage was used to maintain grasshoppers in all treatments. Mortality was assessed a 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure.

scholarly journals Apple, Insecticide DIP Test (Tabm vs. Insecticides), 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-369
Author(s):  
R. L. Horsburgh ◽  
J. R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
The Third ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Dip Test

Abstract A large commercial apple grower reported failure in attempts to control TABM with airblast applications of Penncap M (2 pt/acre) combined with methomyl (3 pt/acre). At the time of the grower applications larval hatch had begun and most larvae were in the first or second instar. By the time larvae were entering the third instar (10 days after spray application) it was apparent that commercially acceptable control had not been achieved. In 1992 this grower also had poor control when Penncap M was applied to suppress redbanded leafroller and experiments showed that tolerance of Penncap M was present in the resident RBLR population (Horsburgh et al. 1992). This laboratory bioassay was begun on 3 Sep to determine tolerance of the TABM population to Penncap M and other insecticides. Seven treatments (including a water control) were selected and rates calculated on the basis of 300 gal of spray being applied per acre. The appropriate dosage of pesticide for each treatment was mixed with 1 gallon of 77°F water in clean 1 gallon battery jars. Twenty plastic petri dishes containing moistened filter paper were prepared and served as individual cages for twenty 3rd instars per treatment. The larvae, on single leaves, were immersed in the appropriate solutions for five seconds and the leaf placed on the moist filter paper. The petri dish cover was put in place and the cages held at room temperature (80°F) for the duration of the test. All larvae were examined at 24 hour intervals and mortality was recorded. Death of larvae was assumed when no movement was observed when the larvae were gently prodded with a blunt steel probe.

scholarly journals Infection and reinfection of Stomoxys calcitrans larvae (Diptera: Muscidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes in different times of exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Américo de Castro Monteiro Sobrinho ◽  
Isadora Luiza Alves Costa ◽  
Graziele Calixto Souza ◽  
Luís Carlos de Souza Rodrigues Leal ◽  
João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Fly Larvae

Abstract Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous dipteran. Several agents are used in biological control, including entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Bioassay I involved an evaluation of the effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 on S. calcitrans larvae in different periods of exposure. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added, which were divided into groups according to the exposure times of 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The purpose of Bioassay II was to evaluate the efficacy of the EPNs in infecting S. calcitrans larvae when they were isolated from stable fly larvae in Bioassay I. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added. In bioassay I, H. bacteriophora caused mortality rates of 51.7, 83.3 and 91.7% in 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, while H. baujardi caused mortality rates of 9.3 (12h), 35 (24h) and 35% (48h). In Bioassay II, H. bacteriophora and H. baujardi resulted in mortality rates of 35% and 25%, respectively. It was concluded that the longest exposure times presented the highest larval mortality and that EPNs isolated from S. calcitrans are not efficient in controlling the larvae fly.

Comparison of Aerially-Applied Gypchek Strains Against Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the Presence of an Entomophaga maimaiga Epizootic

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Webb ◽  
G. B. White ◽  
J. D. Podgwaite ◽  
V. D'Amico ◽  
J. Slavicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Entomophaga Maimaiga ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogen ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Second Wave

The standard strain (LDP-226) of Gypchek®, a nucleopolyhedrovirus product registered by the USDA Forest Service against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was compared against a strain, LdMNPV-203NL (NL = nonliquefying), that was developed for production in cell culture. Both strains were applied by air to U.S. government property in Prince Georges Co., MD, in early May 2003 at the rate of 1 × 1012 occlusion bodies per ha. The two goals of the study were (1) to compare the first and second wave effects of the two strains against gypsy moth populations; and (2) to delineate the combined effects of the applied virus and the expected epizootic of the gypsy moth specialist fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, and Soper. Heavy rainfall in May and June preceded a massive epizootic of E. maimaiga, whose effects did not mask the first wave of viral mortality. When the effect of application sequence was considered, it was concluded that the two strains were equivalent in their first-wave impacts. High fungal-induced mid and late-season gypsy moth larval mortality suppressed the second wave of virus at all evaluation sites. There were no obvious differences in the second waves engendered by the two LdNPV strains in the greatly reduced late-instar larval population.

DIFFERENCES IN THE UTILIZATION OF TREE SPECIES AS LARVAL HOSTS AND PUPATION SITES BY THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Mauffette ◽  
Martin J. Lechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Juglans Cinerea ◽  
Ostrya Virginiana ◽  
Carya Ovata ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Late Instar

AbstractIn the summer of 1980, gypsy moth populations were monitored in 13 sparsely infested forests in southwestern Quebec; counts of living and dead larvae and pupae were made on 1,870 trees representing 28 deciduous and one coniferous species. Contrary to our null expectations, the proportionate numbers of pupae compared with larvae on the various host species were not equal. Hosts more preferred by larvae were less preferred by pupae, and vice versa. For example, pupae were disproportionately abundant on host species like Acer pensylvanicum L., Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, and Juglans cinerea L. which are not generally favored larval hosts. Conversely, favored larval hosts like Quercus rubra L. and Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch carried lower numbers of pupae than expected from the numbers of larvae feeding on them. Such differential utilization of host trees by larvae versus pupae, which can arise either from host-dependent differences in larval mortality or from late instar migration between hosts, may contribute to maintaining the broad polyphagy of gypsy moth larvae.

scholarly journals Effect of pre and postblossom insecticide residues on European earwig Forficula auricularia in kiwifruit

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
B.J. Maher ◽  
P.G. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
European Earwig ◽  
Spray Applications

In kiwifruit orchards the European earwig Forficula auricularia L can be a useful predator of scale insects However insecticide use may reduce earwig numbers and previous work indicated that diazinon residues caused high mortality of earwigs Diazinon has been replaced by several insecticides in the crop protection programme In this study late instar earwigs which are the stages found in the canopy prior to flowering were exposed to residues of preblossom insecticides thiacloprid (Calypso) thiamethoxam (Actara) and spirotetramat (Movento) following spray applications in spring Adult earwigs were exposed to residues of chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) following an application in March when adults only are present in vines One earwig was placed in each of thirty Petri dishes three vines per treatment with two 5cm cane segments cut from sprayed vines and kept at 20C Relative to controls there was no additional mortality of earwig nymphs following exposure to preblossom insecticide residues from 115 days after spraying All adult earwigs survived one nights exposure to chlorpyrifos residues but after five successive nights mortality ranged from 10 to 90 up to 7 days after spraying suggesting an accumulative response

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Four Plant-Derived Compounds against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Giovanelli ◽  
Matteo Mattellini ◽  
Gianluca Fichi ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Larval Development Test

By using the egg hatch test (EHT), the larval development test (LDT) and the larval mortality/paralysis test (LMT), the in vitro anthelmintic activity on sheep gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS) of four plant-derived pure compounds, mangiferin (at 0.25%, 0.125% and 0.0625%), rutin (at 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%), quercetin (at 1%), and β-sitosterol (at 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%), was investigated. For comparison, untreated and treated (0.1% thiabendazole, 0.1% TBZ) controls were used. Six repetitions were made throughout the experiment. Data were statistically elaborated using the χ2 test. The concentration able to inhibit the development of the 50% of L1s to L3s and causing the mortality of the 50% of L3s (EC50) was also calculated. L3s recovered from untreated Petri dishes were identified at the genus level. In EHT, all tested compounds at all concentrations significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the hatch of the eggs when compared to the untreated controls, but none of them was as effective as 0.1% TBZ. In LDT, rutin (at 1%, 0.75% and 0.5%), mangiferin (at 0.25% and 0.125%), β-sitosterol (at 1%) and 0.1% TBZ completely prevented the larval development from L1 to L3 in respect to the untreated controls (p < 0.01). In LMT, all tested compounds significantly (p < 0.01) increased the death of L3s compared to the untreated controls, except for β-sitosterol at 0.5%. However, only rutin at all concentrations and 0.25% and 0.125% mangiferin were as effective as 0.1% TBZ. Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Chabertia and Teladorsagia/Ostertagia GIS genera, were identified.

scholarly journals Field control of Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker) in northern Northland pastures

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 360-364
Author(s):  
S. Hardwick ◽  
L.T. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Field Control ◽  
Treatment Application

Two field trials and one laboratory bioassay were used to evaluate insecticides for the control of Herpetogramma licarsisalis a new arrival infesting kikuyu pastures in northern Northland In both field trials larval densities in plots treated with chlorpyrifos diazinon alphacypermethrin diflubenzuron triflumuron and Bacillus thuringiensis were significantly lower than those in the control plots 14 days after treatment application In the laboratory 80100 larval mortality occurred after eight days exposure to kikuyu foliage treated with the above insecticides (P

Mortality of the leafroller parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Hym Braconidae) exposed to orchard pesticide residues

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Newman ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
D.J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Petri Dishes

A laboratory bioassay was used to evaluate the effect of residues from 10 orchard pesticides on mortality of Dolichogenidea tasmanica a parasitoid of leafrollers Adult parasitoids were caged in Petri dishes that had been sprayed with the field rate of the pesticides Mortality was assessed over 7 days and classified using the laboratory criteria defined by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants Residues of buprofezin emamectin benzoate lufenuron tebufenozide and thiacloprid were harmless (lt;30 mortality) to D tasmanica adults in the 7 days after treatment Indoxacarb and lime sulphur residues were moderately harmful (8099 mortality) while carbaryl diazinon and spinosad residues were harmful (>99 mortality) The implications for leafroller control in pipfruit production programmes are discussed

scholarly journals Laboratory Bioassay for Control of Fall Webworm, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-402
Author(s):  
D. Casey Sclar ◽  
Whitney S. Cranshaw ◽  
R. Jason Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Fall Webworm
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document