neem extract
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Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar Taggar ◽  
Ravinder Singh ◽  
Pardeep Kumar Chhuneja ◽  
Harpal Singh Randhawa ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
S. Selvapriya ◽  
R. Priyadharshini ◽  
S. Rajeshkumar ◽  
Palati Sinduja

Introduction: Nanotechnology is being used in developing countries to treat diseases and prevent health issues. Stevia, conjointly stated as Stevia rebaudiana member of the chrysanthemum family, a subgroup of the Asteraceae family. Azadirachta indica is a native tree to Asian nations. Azadirachta indica could facilitate the fight against plaque buildup and stop periodontal disease. Applied science in drugs needs the employment of nanoparticles to transmit the drug, heat, lightweight, or alternative substances to specific cell sorts like cancer cells. Aim: In this present investigation, Stevia and Neem-based plant extract was prepared and analyzed its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Materials and Methods: The plant extract was prepared and an anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effect was done using a UV-Beckmann spectrometer. The anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared using plant extract was investigated by albumin denaturation assay. The results of the test were described as the standard deviation and analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. For the cytotoxic activity, wells are used, wherein the mortality rate of the shrimps was estimated when the plant extract mediated of nanoparticles of different concentrations was added. Results: The nanoparticles synthesized using the stevia and neem extract showed the highest absorbance at a concentration of 50µL (90%) when subjected to inhibition of albumin denaturation assay to check for its anti-inflammatory activity. Brine shrimp lethality was done and the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was found to be increasing with increasing concentration of the administered nanoparticles. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of Neem and Stevia mediated nanoparticles showed a successful outcome in both the assays.


Manglar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-379
Author(s):  
Yoerlandy Santana-Baños ◽  
Armando Acosta Hernández ◽  
Lisandra Hernández Guamche ◽  
Yoandy Rivera Regalado ◽  
Armando del Busto Concepción

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3211-3213
Author(s):  
Jawad Mumtaz Sodha ◽  
Aftab Abbasi ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Pathan ◽  
Umair Ali Soomro ◽  
...  

Aim: To study the comparative effect of Acetaminophen induced liver toxicity with aqueous extract of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and vitamin E on the basis of liver Histopathology. Methods: Sixty Wistar Rats of both sexes were split into four groups. Each group contained 15 animals. The control group was group A, Group B was treated orally with single dose of Paracetamol 2 mg / kg by weight, Group C was administrated orally with aqueous Neem extract 500 mg/kg +2 mg/Kg by weight oral Paracetamol, and Group D was given orally paracetamol+Neem extract+Vitamin E with 100mg/Kg/body weight for 15 days. Rats from all groups were decapitated, the liver was sliced, and liver tissues were taken for histological examination. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, embedding in paraffin followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin dye (H&E) and observed under 400x magnification with a digital microscope. Results: On Histopathological examination of the rat`s liver in we found that the control group had a normal appearance, colour, and uniform surface without any necrosis. Group B showed severe necrosis and haemorrhagic patches. In comparison, Group C revealed normal appearance, colour, and smooth surface with no necrotic alterations. Livers from the group D looked virtually normal in terms of colour, undersurfaces, and organ weight. However, hepatoprotective effects were observed in the Group C and D. Therefore, we can conclude that Azadirachta indica and Vitamin E could serve as a good medication for defence against liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings showed thatextract of Azadirachta Indica and Vitamin E exhibited hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar rats that were subjected to Acetaminophen. Key words: Azadirachta Indica leaf extract, Vitamin E, hepatoprotective Paracetamol, Wistar rats.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3209-3210
Author(s):  
Aftab Abbasi ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Pathan ◽  
Aftab shaikh ◽  
Abdul Samad Sodhar ◽  
...  

Aim: To study the comparative hepatoprotective effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract in acetaminophen (Paracetamol) induced liver toxicity. Methods: About 60 mixed population of rats (male/female) of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley species were randomly selected for the proposed study and are segregated into four equal groups. Every group contains 15 animal subjects. Group A was the control group given normal diet. In Group B, the rats were treated with a single dose of 2gm / kg body weight paracetamol, orally. Simultaneously, Group C were given an oral Neem extract of 500mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks days in combination with single dose of Paracetamol, while Group D were provided with 6.7ml/Kg/body weight Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) for 15 days. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 with level of significance being kept at p-value ≤0.05. Results: The mean values of ALT were 23.1, 100.5, 29.85, and 31.09 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. While, the mean values of AST were 25.6 U/L (Group A), 41 U/L (Group B), 19.3 U/L (Group C), and 15.2 U/L (Group D). The ALP showed maximum response indicated by the mean values of 221 U/L, 444 U/L, 241 U/L, and 243 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. Group B suggested the paracetamol induced liver toxicity indicated by the increase in hepatic DMEs right after the acetaminophen induction. Conclusion: Azadirachta Indica and Virgin Coconut Oil displayed hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to Paracetamol. Keywords: hepatic, Drug Metabolizing enzymes, Acetaminophen, Virgin coconut oil, Neem extract, Paracetamol, Wistar


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Cardoso De Sousa ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Renan Zampiroli ◽  
Cleyton Batista De Alvarenga ◽  
Gleice Aparecida De Assis ◽  
...  

Bean crop is attacked by several phytophagous insects, affecting its production and causing losses to farmers. Among the insects considered as bean crop pests, aphids can cause economic damage by continuously sucking the plant sap throughout crop development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the control of Aphis craccivora on bean crop with insecticides and its effect on the presence of ladybugs. The tested products were: 1) imidacloprid + bifenthrin; 2) neem extract; 3) d-limonene, and, as a control treatment, water was applied. Insect mortality and the presence of ladybugs were checked every three days until harvest. There was a reduction in the population of aphids after the application of the products for up to 27 days. The presence of ladybugs was higher in the control treatment than in the treatments with insecticides. Thus, the tested products were considered potential in the control of A. craccivora. However, they also negatively affected the presence of coccinellids.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1524-1543
Author(s):  
Habib Alium ◽  
Christophe Laba Haouvang ◽  
Steve Takoukam Toukam ◽  
Albert Ngakou

With a view to promoting the onion sector, we studied the behavior of onion following the application in fields of Cow Dung compost, compost tea and the aqueous extract of neem leaves during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The device used was a complete randomized block comprising 10 treatments including compost (Cp), compost tea (CpT), Neem extract (Nex), compost + compost tea (Cp+CpT),compost+Neem extract (Cp+Nex), compost tea+Neem extract (CpT+Nex), compost+Compost Tea+NeemExtract (Cp+CpT+Nex), Control (Ctrl), Chemical Pesticide (ChP) and Chemical Fertilizer (ChF) with 3 repetitions each. The work focused on agronomic and phytopathological parameters. The results reveal that Cp+CpT+Nex treatment had a highly significant influence on the germination rate (92.33%) than Ctrl treatment (44%). He was significantly increased the number of leaves, size and yield compared to other treatments with 22.16 leaves, 52 cm and 114.74 t/ha (2018/2019) and 20.83 leaves and 53.84 cm; but yield was higher by ChF with 47.49 t/ha (2019/2020). Nex, Cp+Nex and CpT+Nex treatments reduced attack of Delia antiqua compared to control. And significant reduction in number of plants attacked by onion mildew was observed in Cp+CpT+Nex treatment. In view of the results obtained, organics fertilizers can be used in onion production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
Benameur-Saggou Hayet ◽  
Rekia Chennouf ◽  
Gassou Insar ◽  
Kirouane Noureddine ◽  
Goui Khaoula ◽  
...  

Abstract The white cochineal of the date palm is a very serious pest in the palm groves of the Ouargla region (South-East Algeria). Our attempt at biological control of this pest was based on the use of two coccidiphagous ladybirds Pharoscymnus ovoideus and Pharoscymnus numidicus and aqueous extracts of two Saharan plants Solenostemma argel and Azadirachta indica with two doses in two palm groves in the Ouargla region. The results obtained are very encouraging. White cochineal infestation rates of treated plants decreased considerably especially for the high dose of two treatments. The infestation rate decreased from 52.54% to 35.49% with P.ovoideus (120 ladybirds/tree) and from 54.03% to 18.88% with Neem extract (dose 5%), to 11.01% with Argel extract (dose 7.5%). The two ladybirds and the two extracts used showed highly significant differences (P=0.000), as did the two doses used (P< 0.0001). Our control attempt also showed an efficiency that increased with the increase of the dose used. It is 0.119±0.20 with the low dose of P. ovoideus to reach an efficiency of 0.324±0.23. For the extract-based treatments, the highest efficacy was recorded with the high dose Argel (0.812±0.22). It should be noted that the low doses used for both treatments gave insignificant results compared to their controls with the high doses, which showed very high significant differences with P=0.000 for the ladybird releases and P<0.0001 for the high doses of the water extracts.


Author(s):  
Abraham Monteon-Ojeda ◽  
Agustín Damián-Nava ◽  
Elías Hernández-Castro ◽  
Blas Cruz-Lagunas ◽  
Teolincacihuatl Romero-Rosales ◽  
...  

Objective: To evaluate the insecticidal effectiveness of biorational and conventional products as alternatives to control thrips and their phytotoxic effects in strawberry cultivation. Design / methodology / approach: The research was carried out in strawberry cv. Camino Real during its flowering stage - fruiting established in open ground; A completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments and four replications was used. The treatments evaluated were: T1: neem oil extract, T2: paraffin oil, T3: garlic extract + hot chili pepper + cinnamon, T4: spinosad, T5: imidacloprid + lambda cyhalothrin, T6: bifenthrin, and T7: control. Applications were made weekly and the mortality evaluation was carried out by counting the number of live thrips per flower. With the obtained data, an analysis of variances and a mean comparison test (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) were performed. Results: Significant differences between treatments could be identified (p ≤ 0.05); imidacloprid + lambda cyhalothrin and bifenthrin caused the highest mortality of thrips with 92 and 93 % efficacy, respectively. Spinosad obtained good results, ranking as the second-best option with 90 % control efficiencies; neem extract stood out as an excellent biorational pest management alternative with 77 % control efficacy in its last evaluation. No phytotoxic effects were observed from any of the treatments on the crop. Limitations on study / implications: It is important to continue the study in the laboratory to obtain the LD50 and LD90 of the management alternatives, as well as an MRL analysis of the molecules used. Findings / conclusions: The proposed protocol evidenced the efficacy of biorational and ecological thrips control treatments in intensive horticultural systems.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
Amjad Usman ◽  
Hina Gul ◽  
Karishma Karishma ◽  
Seema Zubair

Insecticidal evaluation of aqueous extracts of indigenous plant extracts in comparison with synthetic insecticide against Thrips (Scirotothrips dorsalis) on tomato was conducted under natural field condition during spring 2019. Experiment consists of 8 treatments (neem extract, tobacco extract, garlic extract, datura extract, lantana extract, eucalyptus extract, flonicamid (synthetic insecticide) and control following RCB Design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied thrice after 15 days interval. Results revealed that the three times application of the tested treatments showed varying toxicity against S. dorsalis 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after spray applications while ladybird beetle and green lacewing were also significantly affected when recorded 7 days after spray application. However, Flonicamid 50%WG proved to be the most effective till 7th and had lowest pest population followed datura and neem extract. neem extract in all the three spray application . Garlic and eucalyptus also produced significant results compared to control. Neem, tobacco, datura and flonicamid were found to be comparatively more hazardous to ladybird beetle and green lacewing population compared to eucalyptus, garlic and lantana to in all three spray application. Tomato yield was highest with flonicamid (12533 kg/ha) followed by datura and neem (11810 kg/ha and 11300 kg/ha) respectively, while lowest (8133 kg/ha) in control. It is concluded from the current research that flonicamid performed better against S. dorsalis but comparatively more hazardous to natural enemies however lantana, garlic and eucalyptus extract showed better result against S. dorsalis and comparatively safe towards natural enemies thus recommended to be incorporated in IPM program.


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