scholarly journals Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Hower ◽  
Sandra D. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
No Till ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Rock Springs

Abstract Two insecticide efficacy studies for controlling mixed populations of NCR (17% Experiment I and 42% Experiment II) and WCR (83% Experiment I and 58% Experiment II) were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. The experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart. Corn was planted no-till on 16 May in both experiments using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2 row planter with 30-inch row spacing. The Lorsban 4E with 9-18-9 fertilizer in solution was applied at each site 22 May. Rain prevented application of this treatment earlier. Insecticides were applied to 5X40 ft plots in a RCB design with 4 replications per treatment. Plant populations were counted 15 Jun at both locations to identify seedling emergence and phytotoxicity that may have resulted from the treatments. Root damage ratings were evaluated 21 Jul (Experiment I) and 25 Jul (Experiment II) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yields were determined in Experiment I as silage using a silage harvester on 12 Sep. One row of corn was harvested per plot and the row harvested was in the same relative position in all plots. Yield in Experiment II was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 23 Oct. Percent moisture in the silage plots was determined by drying a subsample (at 2.0 lb wet) from each plot and silage yield was adjusted to 65% moisture. Percent moisture in the shelled corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and yield was adjusted to 15.5% moisture.

scholarly journals Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Hower ◽  
Paul Rebarchak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
No Till ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Rock Springs

Abstract Two insecticide efficacy studies for controlling mixed populations of NCR (4% Experiment 1 and 17% Experiment 2) and WCR (96% Experiment 1 and 83% Experiment 2) were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. The experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart. Com was planted no-till on 21 May for both experiments using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2-row planter with 30-inch spacing. Three treatments (Fortress 5G 0.16 lb (AI)/acre applied in furrow and T-band, Aztec 4.67 G 0.02 lb (AI)/acre applied T-band) in both experiments were planted using a SmartBox™ Closed Pesticide Delivery System on 21 May. Two treatments (Furadan 4°F 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, not cultivated in and cultivated in) were applied post emergence on 17 Jun based on GDD (growing degree days). The field used in Experiment 1 was planted with com and pumpkin as a trap crop for rootworm adults in 1996. Insecticides were applied to 10 X 40 ft plots (for 30-inch rows) arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications per treatment and an untreated check. Plant populations were counted 25 Jun at both locations to quantify seedling emergence and identify any phytotoxicity that may have resulted from the treatments. Root damage was rated on 31 Jul (Experiment 1) and 1 Aug (Experiment 2) using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. All treatments were harvested in Experiment 1 for silage and grain yield. Only grain yield was measured in Experiment 2. Silage yield was determined on 26 Sep in Experiment 1 by harvesting 1/1000 acre (17 ft of one row) in each plot by hand because the silage harvester wasn’t working properly. Percent moisture for silage in Experiment 1 was determined for each replication by drying 14 random plant samples collected across the various treatments. Silage yield was adjusted to 65% moisture. Grain yield in both experiments was determined on 31 Oct by mechanically harvesting 2 rows from each plot for shelled corn with a Massey-Ferguson combine. The harvested rows were in the same relative position in each plot in both experiments. Percent moisture of the shelled corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and the grain yield was adjusted to 15.5% moisture for both experiments.

scholarly journals Corn Rootworm Control, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
T. W. Patton ◽  
G. P. Dively ◽  
L. Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Bicycle Wheel

Abstract Four liquid insecticide evaluation studies were conducted at three sites in Beltsville, Uniontown, and Burkittsville, MD. Corn was planted no-till on 29 Apr and 15 May at Burkittsville and Beltsville, respectively. Conventionally tilled corn was planted at Uniontown I and II on 29 Apr and 13 May, respectively. Treatment plots were 4 rows × 50 ft arranged in a RCB with 3 replications. Furadan 4 F broadcast was applied with a COz backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 21 gpa at 40 psi. Force 1.5 G was applied in a 7 inch band over the row with a hand powered bicycle wheel applicator. Both treatments were made at or near planting. Post-planting treatments of Furadan 4F were directed at the base of the plant in a 11 inch band during 8-10 Jun with a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 12 gpa at 40 psi. Root damage was evaluated during 7- 12 Jun. Six roots were dug, washed, and rated in accordance to the Iowa 1-6 scale. Yields were determined by hand harvesting 50 ft of row. Percent moisture was measured for each plot and used to convert yields to 15.5%.

scholarly journals Granular and Liquid Insecticide Performance Against Corn Rootworm, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
A. M. Journey ◽  
K. R. Ostlie
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
The Press ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The University ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Experimental plots measuring 2 rows (30-inch row spacing) by 50 ft were planted on 12 May in a Waukegan silt loam soil at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Research Station, Rosemount. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Granular insecticides were applied with a modified Noble applicator at planting, either banded ahead of the press wheel or in furrow. Postemergence (25 Jun) sidedress applications of liquid insecticides were made with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 20 gpa. Percent lodging was determined on 16 Aug. On 25 Aug, 5 roots from each plot were dug, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1-6 scale (with half-point increments for higher sensitivity).

scholarly journals Western Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-183
Author(s):  
R. T. Bessin ◽  
L. H. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
No Till ◽  
System Data ◽  
Dunnett's Test ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Thirty-one insecticides were applied for control of WCR larvae in no-till and conventional tillage corn. The test plot was planted in a continuous corn field on the UK Spindletop Research Farm on 7 May in a RBD with 3 replicates of no-till and 3 replicates of conventional tillage. Individual plots consisted on single rows, 8 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. All plots received Accent 75WDG (0.0313 lb [AI]/acre) on 14 Jun. All insecticide treatments were applied at planting except the 2 Furadan 4F treatments, which were broadcast and banded, respectively on 25 May. Number of lodged plants per plot was recorded 28 Jul. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was less than 45°. Root damage ratings were evaluated on 29 Jun by examining 3 plants per plot using the Iowa 1-6 system. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatment means compared to that of the control by Dunnett’s test.

Competitive attributes ofA. sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgareare conserved in no-till cropping systems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
Yuguang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
No Till ◽  
Lower Test

The robustness of competitive attributes of cereals such as rapid and uniform seedling emergence, tillering, early biomass accumulation and canopy closure, and height advantage over weeds have not yet been tested under environmental conditions typical of no-till (NT) cropping systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects or NT practices on growth and productivity ofAvena sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted on a Kamouraska clay at La Pocatière, QC, in 1994, 1995, and 1996.Avena sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgarewere grown under tilled and NT practices. Cereal growth parameters were measured six (1994) or seven (1995) times between planting and the 11th week after planting but only once in 1996. Grain yields and yield components were determined at crop maturity.Avena sativaandH. vulgarepopulations were little affected by tillage, whereasT. aestivumpopulations were reduced by 16 to 20% in NT systems. Growth in height in NT systems was either similar or greater than in tilled systems in all three cereals. Cereal leaf area index (LAI) and biomass accumulation was also comparable between tillage systems, except forT. aestivumLAI in 1994, which was greater in tilled plots on two sampling dates. Response of annual dicots to tillage was inconsistent in all crops. Annual monocots dominated in some but not all NT systems. Perennial dicots dominated in NT systems, whereas perennial monocots were more abundant in tilled systems in all three cereals.Avena sativaandT. aestivumyields in NT plots were comparable or greater than in tilled plots, in spite of having either lower test weights (A. sativa) or lower 1,000-grain weights (T. aestivum). NTT. aestivumproductivity was maintained in spite of reduced plant establishment.Hordeum vulgareyields were also similar across tillage systems, except in 1995, when yields in tilled plots were greater than in NT plots. The height advantage observed for NTH. vulgaredid not result in improved yields. All three cereals, and particularlyA. sativa, appeared well suited to NT systems, despite the pressure provided by different weed groups, compared to tilled systems. However, results suggest that NT production of cereals could benefit from improved attention to perennial dicot control and crop seedling establishment, particularly forT. aestivum.

Emergence Pattern of Five Weeds in the Central Great Plains

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Anderson ◽  
D. C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Seedling emergence was characterized for five weeds that infest summer annual crops in the central Great Plains as affected by crop canopy or tillage. The study was established in winter wheat stubble between 1987 and 1990, with seedling emergence recorded weekly between April 1 and November 1. Kochia emerged primarily from early April to late June, whereas green foxtail, wild-proso millet, and redroot pigweed began emerging in late May and continued until August. Volunteer wheat emerged throughout the growing season. Tillage did not affect the emergence pattern of any species, but the numbers of kochia, volunteer wheat, and green foxtail seedlings were increased in no-till. Conversely, wild-proso millet emergence was greater with tillage. Only volunteer wheat's emergence was affected by crop canopy, as fall emergence of volunteer wheat was more than three times greater in corn than in proso millet.

Corn Rootworm and European Corn Borer Control in Pennsylvania, 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
D. D. Calvin ◽  
P. B. Rebarchak ◽  
S. M. Spangler ◽  
G. W. Roth ◽  
L. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Granular Soil ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
The Press ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Rock Springs

Abstract Thirteen corn rootworm granular soil insecticide treatments were evaluated on a Hagerstown silt loam soil near Rock Springs, PA, during 1992. A RCBD with 5 replications was used. Insecticides and rates were applied in-furrow or as a T-band application. Plots were 39 ft × 5 ft wide (2 rows). Treatments were applied using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000® corn planter on 20 May. T-band applications were applied in 7 inch bands over the row and into the furrow ahead of the press wheel, and in-furrow applications were directed into furrow in front of the press wheel.

scholarly journals Potato Leafhopper Control, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Hower ◽  
Paul Rebarchak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Rock Springs ◽  
Forage Harvester

Abstract Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against potato leafhopper. The experiments were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA on a second-year (first full harvest year) alfalfa (Pioneer 5373) crop. Plots of 40 X 40 ft were arranged in a RCB design with an untreated check in each of four replications. Potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps of a 15-inch-diam insect beating net taken randomly across each plot. Prior to treatment, potato leafhopper densities were estimated on 9 Jun (Experiment 1). Due to inclement weather, a pre-treatment sweep was not taken for Experiment 2. With the exception of LABS 116 in Experiment 1, all insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 16 Jun (Experiment 1) and 25 Jul (Experiment 2). LABS 116 was applied in Experiment 1 on 17 Jun as a result of needing an additional product shipment. Cygon 4E was added as a standard insecticide treatment in both Experiments. Alfalfa height at application was 4-6 inches. Insecticides were applied in 25 gal of water per acre at 25 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom containing 80 degree flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 19, 23, 30 Jun and 8 Jul (i.e. 3, 7, 14, 22 DAT) for Experiment 1, and 25 Jul, and 1, 8, 15, 24 Aug (i.e. 3, 7, 14, 21, 30 DAT) for Experiment 2. Densities reported represent the number of adults, number of nymphs, and the combined numbers of adults and nymphs collected per 20 sweeps. Alfalfa yield was determined on 8 Jul (Experiment 1) and 25 Aug (Experiment 2) from a 60-ft2 swath taken from each plot with a Carter Forage Harvester (Carter Mfg. Co. Inc., Brookston, IN). Percent moisture was determined by oven drying a subsample of alfalfa (approximately 2 lb wet). Alfalfa yield is reported as dry weight lb per acre.

Seed production and seedbank dynamics in subthreshold velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) populations

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Heather M. Norquay
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The impact of seed production by subthreshold weed populations on future weed problems has impeded the adoption of integrated pest-management principles for weed management. Studies were conducted in fields with no velvetleaf history to determine how seedbanks and seedling populations change following seed production 1 yr or 5 consecutive yr in plow-disk and no-tillage corn. Cumulative seed production by 0.19 velvetleaf plants m−2increased in a linear fashion from 1989 to 1994, with annual additions averaging from 330 seeds m−2for velvetleaf in corn to 2,500 seeds m−2for velvetleaf without competition from corn. Five-year cumulative seed production was 1,480 seeds m−2in plow-disk and 1,810 seeds m−2in no-till corn. In no-till corn, 42 velvetleaf seedlings m−2emerged the 1st year after the 1989 seed rain, but only 35 seedlings m−2emerged over the next 4 yr. In plow-disk plots, annual emergence averaged 12 seedlings m−2. Five years after the 1989 seed rain, the proportion of seeds lost to emergence was about 20% in both tillage treatments. Where velvetleaf seeds were allowed to return to the soil every year, cumulative seedling emergence was lower in plow-disk than in no-till corn, with total emergence of 70 and 360 seedlings m−2, respectively, after 5 yr. Seedbank numbers ranged from 10 seeds m−25 yr after a single seed rain (290 seeds m−2) by velvetleaf in plow-disk corn to 1,020 seeds m−2following 5 consecutive yr of seed rain where 12,580 seeds m−2were returned without corn competition in no-till. Seedbank samples in the fall of the 5th year had 69 to 98% fewer seeds than were accounted for by cumulative seed rain and seedling emergence, with greater apparent seed losses in plow-disk corn than in no-till corn. Over 90% velvetleaf control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations for 5 yr following a single seed rain. By comparison, over 95% control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations where velvetleaf seed return is permitted each year.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document