scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit and Tempo as a Preventative Treatment to Control Black Cutworm (Bcw) on Golf Course Greens, Wv, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-331
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Weaver ◽  
James C. Farren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Preventative Treatment ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Sample Area ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Temperature Surface

Abstract Merit 75W and Tempo 20W were compared as side by side treatments on whole greens with ½ half of a green being a replicate of each treatment. Treatments were applied 23 May, replicated 4 times; there was no untreated control. Compounds were applied with a Cushman Turfmaster 125 sprayer and watered in with the same sprayer at 120 gal/acre. Water pH was 8.33. Environmental conditions at start (8:35 am) and finish (11:30 am) of treatment applications were, respectively: air temperature, 23.5°C and 32.5°C; RH, 43% and 54%; sky clear; soil temperature (surface), 25.5°C and 33.5°C, (1 inch) 25.5°C and 29°C; soil very moist. Efficacy was evaluated on 31 Jul (69 DAT) by treating entire greens with Tempo 2 at the rate of 0.04 lb (AI)/acre, syringing the green 8-10 min and counting the no. of cutworms flushed to the surface in a sample area of 4 m2. Two areas were sampled on each treated half of each green. Within these sample areas, the no. of obvious cutworm feeding holes were also counted.

scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm on Greens 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
John S. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application

Abstract The experiment was conducted on a golf course nursery. The experimental design was an RCB, replicated 4 times, with 6 ft × 6 ft plots. Treatments were applied 13 Aug and rated 20 Aug. Liquid treatments were applied with a watering can and granular treatments with a salt shaker applicator. Dylox was watered in with 2 gal/plot. Neem was not watered in. The BCW were predominantly 5th instar. Although neem dried on the foliage, the weather was cool and damp for 3 DAT. Conditions at the time of application were: air temperature, 68.2°F; soil temperature, 65.5°F; thatch depth, 0.75 inch; soil texture, sandy loam. Plots were rated by flushing the plot with a soap solution and counting the emerging BCW. Plots could not be rated for feeding damage due to excessive disease.

scholarly journals Control of the Black Turfgrass Ataenius Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
K. T. Power ◽  
D. J. Shetlar ◽  
H. D. Niemczyk ◽  
M. G. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The study was located on golf course fairway at Seville. Insecticides were applied 23 Jul to plots 10 × 10 ft (3.1 × 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied using a drop spreader and shaker jar. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8008VS nozzles at 35 psi (2.46 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha) and pythrethriods with a CO2 sprayer with Teejet 8010 nozzles at 35 psi (2.46 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 2 gal/1000 ft2 (814 liter/ha). The experimental area was irrigated approximately V* inch (6 mm) of water using the golf course system. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. BTA: eggs, 1st and 2nd instars present, 60 larvae/ ft2. Turf: level, dry, 5A inch (16 mm) height, 70% bentgrass and 30% annual bluegrass. Thatch: dense, moist, % inch (2 cm). Soil, moist, 74°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 72°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm). Weather: sunny, 81°F, 0 mph. Water: pH 4.6. Efficacy data taken 7 Jul (14 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in six samples 4% inch (10.8 cm) in diam from each plot.

scholarly journals Control of the Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway in Ashland County, Oh, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
K. T. Power ◽  
D. J. Shetlar ◽  
H. D. Niemczyk ◽  
M. G. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The study was located on a golf course fairway at Jeromesville. Insecticides were applied 16 Jun to plots 8 × 10 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. The experimental area was irrigated approximately V* inch after all treatments were applied but before sprays had dried on the grass blades. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. BTA: eggs and 1st instars present, no pretreatment count. Turf: level, light dew, IVs inch height, 40% perennial ryegrass, 30% Kentucky bluegrass, 30% annual bluegrass. Thatch: dense, moist, % inch. Soil: moist, 66°F at 1 inch and 67°F at 3 inch. Weather: sunny, 65°F, 0-5 mph. Water: pH 6.5. Efficacy data taken 6 Jul (20 DAT) were based on the number of live BTA larvae and pupae in 6, 4Vt inch in diam samples from each plot. No phytotoxicity was observed.

scholarly journals Midsummer Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Merit 75WSP on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, Pa, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-281
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (26 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76CF; soil temperature at 2 inch, 74°F; RH, 85%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.50 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 31.1% sand, 46.4% silt, 22.5% clay; organic matter, 6.7%; soil moisture (oven baked) 23.1%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 4.4; and partly cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 42 DAT (6 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs ft2 was recorded.

Effect of environmental characteristics on Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. in golf course greens in Alabama

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Allen ◽  
D Y Han ◽  
K L Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
East Central ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Sugar Flotation

The role the environment has on populations of Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. was investigated at 5 golf course locations in east central Alabama. Every 4 to 5 weeks soil samples were collected from 3 golf greens on each of the 5 golf courses. Environmental data, including air and soil temperature, pH and relative humidity, were also collected. Dilution plating and a combined sieving and sugar flotation procedure were conducted to determine the populations of Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. for each month. Isolates of Pythium from 4 months were also identified. Pythium spp. populations increased as soil temperature and ambient air temperature prior to sampling decreased (P < 0.05). Pythium spp. populations were highest in the winter and lowest in the spring. At some locations, populations of Mesocriconema spp. increased as soil acidity and populations of Pythium spp. decreased (P < 0.05) and as ambient air temperature prior to sampling increased (P < 0.05). Eight species of Pythium were isolated from 4 months, with Pythium rostratum being the most commonly isolated. Results suggest that Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. prefer different soil environments.Key words: Cynodon dactylon × traansvalensis, Poa trivialis, ring nematodes, turfgrass.

scholarly journals Timing Effect on Performance of RH0345, Merit 75WP, Tempo 2, and Dursban Pro for Management of Black Cutworm of Creeping Bentgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at Uni versity Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 208 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 0.92 gal/1,000 ft2. At the 1st treatment on 23 Aug, the following soil and environmen tal conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 97%; amount of thatch 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.6%; or ganic matter, 2.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8%; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. A total of 0.8 inch of rain fell between late evening on 23 Aug through early morning on 24 Aug. At the 2nd treatment on 6 Sep, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 65°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 65°F; RH, 87%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sand) loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 26.9%; organic matter, 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH 6.4; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. A total of 2.7 inches of rainfall was recorded over a 72-h interval following the second treat ment on 6 Sep; however, the area did have 8 h drying time prior to the latter rainfall. Evaluation was done on 9 Sep and 12 Sep by counting the number o: black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 4 Sep following infestation of the experimental area with 2nd and 3rt instar black cutworms. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until posttreatment counts were recorded on 9 Sep.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit 75Wsp for Extended Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8O02VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 756 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 2.5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (14 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 70°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 73.9% sand, 21.0% silt, 5.1% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 31.6%; organic matter, 5.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, mid morning; and clear skies. The area received 0.2 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment (14 Jun). Efficacy data was recorded on nine sampling dates (23 Jun, 30 Jun, 7 Jul, 14 Jul, 28 Jul, 11 Aug, 23 Aug, 8 Sep, 13 Sep) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm With Merit Used Preventatively and Pyrethroids Used Curatively, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-326
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier ◽  
Alan Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Plot Size

Abstract The experimental design was an RCB, replicated 4X, plot size was 7 X 7 ft. All treatments were applied with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 2 gal water per 10002. All plots were lightly preirrigated. Merit was applied 3 Jul and irrigated (0.1 in). The remaining treatments were applied 31 Jul to a mixed population of 3-6 instar larvae and were not immediately watered. Plots were rated 7 Aug using a soap flush and counting live larvae. Conditions at the time of treatment on 3 Jul were: air temperature, 86.4°F; wind, calm; sky, clear; soil temperature, 90.6°F; thatch depth, 0.25 inch; slope, 0%; soil texture, loamy sand, sand 80%, silt 13%, clay 7%; soil organic matter, 1.7%; soil moisture 8%; post treatment precipitation, light irrigation daily; mowing height 0.125 inch.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Adjuvants for Mole Cricket Control in North Carolina, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
P. T. Hertl
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Mole Cricket

Abstract Two rates of Orthene 75S and four adjuvants were evaluated for tawny mole cricket control on a bermudagrass fairway at Ocean Harbour Golf Course in Brunswick Co. Plots 15 ft x 80 ft were established in areas where fresh mole cricket damage was evident. Treatments were randomly assigned with four replications. Soil had 0.38 humic matter and a pH of 6.1. Spray water had a pH of 7.5. The plots were preirrigated with 0.25 inch of water and treated on 23 Sep. Soil temperature was 78°F, air temperature 84°F. The chemicals were applied late in the day with a Broyhill® fairway sprayer delivering 114 gal/acre. The chemicals were not watered-in. Plots were evaluated by taking 5 random damage grid samples/replicate. The grid was placed randomly and fresh damage observed in each of the 9 subgrids (0 = no damage, 9 = severe damage) was recorded. Evaluations were conducted on 29 Sep (6 DAT) and 7 Oct (14 DAT). All data were transformed VX + 0.5 prior to analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.

scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center. University Park, Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 × 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Dursban formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.146 gal/1,000 ft2 (347 ml/80 ft2) Insecticidal soap and combination insecticidal soap plus Dursban treatments were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJei nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.145 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (16 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 69°F; soil temperature at I inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch. 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.2%; organic mattei. 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; and clear skies. The area was irrigated with 0.08 inches of water 7.5 h after treatment. The total number of fresh active cutworm feeding holes observed on the surface of each replicate (80 ft2) were recorded on 20 Jul and 22 Jul.

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