scholarly journals Impact of Soil Saturation on the Performance of At-Planting Insecticides, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
D. R. Cook ◽  
E. Burris ◽  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
J. B. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Press ◽  
Spray Irrigation ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Plots were replicated four times in a split plot design and were four rows (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville LA 887 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on 6 May on a Sharkey clay soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Irrigation treatments consisted of no irrigation and the equivalent of 4 inches of rainfall 4 days after emergence, simulating excess rainfall and saturated soil conditions. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Plots were harvested on 7 Oct. The two center rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.

scholarly journals Impact of Cover Crop and At-Planting Insecticide on Thrips Populations, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
D. R. Cook ◽  
E. Burris ◽  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
J. B. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Spray System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Press ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Plots were replicated four times in a split plot design and were four rows (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on 7 May on a Sharkey clay soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted no-till with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch-seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8-inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Cover crop treatments consisted of winter wheat and native winter vegetation. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 21 and 28 May and 7 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole-plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug

Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on Gigger Silt Loam, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
D. R. Cook ◽  
E. Burris ◽  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
J. B. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Press ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Spray Control

Abstract Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows wide (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on a Gigger silt loam soil on 7 May. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7300 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percentage of open bolls was determined by counting all open and unopened bolls within a 3.0 m section of a center row on 18 Sep. Plots were harvested on 26 Sep and 10 Oct. These data were subjected to appropriate calculations to determine percent first harvest. The center two rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.

scholarly journals A Threshold Management Test with Nucotn 33B, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Burris ◽  
D. R. Cook ◽  
B. R. Leonard ◽  
J. B. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Spray System ◽  
The Press ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Insecticide Control

Abstract Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were eight rows (40 in spacing) X 45 ft. Transgenic cotton seed expressing the Bt delta endotoxin and seed of the non-transgenic parent line (DP 5415) were planted on 15 May, on a Commerce silt loam soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 flat fan nozzles positioned in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and were calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. All plots received 0.5 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Terraclor Super X 2E at planting. Insecticide control measures were applied to treatments when boll worms and tobacco budworms first deposited eggs in Jul, and at 2, 5, and 7 percent BW/TBW/BAW damaged squares. The test was conducted in the presence ol high boll weevil population densities. Beet army worms were present in late Jul, Aug and Sep. Control of boll weevils and tarnished plant bugs was maintained on an “as needed” basis using the following treatments: Methyl parathion 4E, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) on 11 Jul; Vydate 3.77CLV, (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 Jul; Methyl parathion 4E, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) + Orthene 90S, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) on 6 Aug; Methyl parathion 4E, (0.33 lb (AI)/acre) + Dimethoate 4E. (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 13 Aug; Baythroid 2E, (0.045 lb (AI)/acre) on 11 Sep. In addition to the overspray treatments listed above, the DP 5415 and NuCOTN 33B spray strategies (treatments 2 and 4) received the following insecticide treatments: Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 22 Jul; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 25 Jul; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 Jul; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 5 Aug; Karate IE, (0.03 lb (AI)/acre) on 8 Aug. Cu-racron 8E, (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) + Pirate 3E, (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) + Vydate 3.77CLV, (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 15 Aug and Curacron 8E, (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) + Pi-rate 3 SC, (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) + Methyl parathion 4E (0.33 lb (AI)/acre on 26 Aug. Bollgard® threshold treatments 2% and 5% were sprayed with Karate IE, (0.033 lb (AI)/acre) on 8 Aug and Curacron 8E (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) + Pirate 3 SC (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) + Vydate 3.77 CLV, (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 15 Aug. All NuCOTN 33B threshold treatments were sprayed with Baythroid 2E (0.045 lb (AI)/acre), on 11 Sep. Plant terminals and squares were examined for BW/TBW eggs, larvae, damage and boll weevil damaged squares on 11, 24, 30 Jul, and 2, 8, 13 and 19 Aug. Terminals were examined on all dates except 19 Aug. The center four rows of the plots were harvested on 14 Oct to determine seedcotton yield. Plots were harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lb seedcotton/acre.

DEFICIT DRIP IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT FOR SUNFLOWER CROP UNDER CLAY SOIL CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-484
Author(s):  
Nora Husein ◽  
Mohamed El-Ansary ◽  
Montaser Awad ◽  
Harby Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sunflower Crop

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Press ◽  
Character Study ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plot Design

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction charts the rise of the short story from its original appearance in magazines and newspapers. For much of the 19th century, tales were written for the press, and the form’s history is marked by engagement with popular fiction. The short story then earned a reputation for its skilful use of plot design and character study distinct from the novel. This VSI considers the continuity and variation in key structures and techniques such as the beginning, the creation of voice, the ironic turn or plot twist, and how writers manage endings. Throughout, it draws on examples from an international and flourishing corpus of work.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GLENLEA, PITIC 62 AND NEEPAWA WHEATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Plot Design

Three cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa, were grown in a seeding rate and row spacing experiment at two locations in 1972 and 1973. In a split-plot design, row spacings of 15, 23 and 30 cm were used as main plots, and subplot seeding rates of 33.6, 67.3 and 100.9 kg/ha were applied for each cultivar. Data were collected on yield, days to maturity, plant height, lodging, kernel weight and test weight. The few significant effects of row spacing indicated that narrow row spacings tend to increase yield and decrease days to maturity. Higher seeding rates per unit area generally resulted in higher yields for all cultivars and, to some extent, earlier maturity. Glenlea wheat seeded at 100.9 kg/ha gave the highest yield in all tests, and at this seeding rate took an average 125 days to reach maturity, compared to 120 days for Neepawa and 129 days for Pitic 62. Seeding rate had virtually no effect on height, kernel weight or test weight of any of the wheats.

The effect of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the winter production of irrigated sod-sown oats at Badgery's Creek

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Spray Irrigation ◽  
Clover Pasture

Under supplementary spray irrigation at Badgery's Creek, N.S.W., it has been possible to increase the late autumn, winter, and early spring production of a clover dominant ryegrass-clover pasture by more than 3,000 lb of dry matter an acre by sod-seeding oats with nitrogen fertilizers. The oat seeding rate and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding are critical factors in determining the amount of additional winter forage obtained. At this stage it appears that the sod-seeding of oats at four bushels an acre with about 90 lb of nitrogen an acre in early autumn will greatly increase winter forage production under irrigation at a much lower cost than that associated with hand-feeding.

scholarly journals Bionic Design of a Potato Digging Shovel with Drag Reduction Based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in Clay Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7096
Author(s):  
Junwei Li ◽  
Xiaohu Jiang ◽  
Yunhai Ma ◽  
Jin Tong ◽  
Bin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Element Method ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Element Method

The resistance of ordinary potato digging shovels can increase dramatically when used in a clay soil because of the adhesion between the soil and shovel. In this paper, a new type of bionic potato digging shovel was designed to decrease adhesion. The bionic structural elements, i.e., scalelike units (S-U) were applied to the potato digging shovel with inspiration from pangolin scales. The discrete element method (DEM) considered cohesion was used to simulate the drag reduction performance in clayey soil conditions. An ordinary plane shovel (O-P-S) was used for comparison. Three indicators (total force, draft force and compressive force) were used to characterize the drag reduction performance. The effect of the design variables of the bionic structures (length [l] and height [h]) and the transversal and longitudinal arrangement spacing (S1 and S2) of the structures on the drag reduction performance were analyzed. The results showed that the drag reduction performance of the bionic shovels with suitable parameters was better than that of the O-P-S. The best bionic sample labeled as a bionic prototype had a 22.26% drag reduction rate during the soil bin test and a 14.19% drag reduction rate during the field test compared to the O-P-S.

Traffic and tillage effects on soil conditions and crop growth on a swelling clay soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C.T. Chamen ◽  
D.J. Longstaff
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Swelling Clay

Effects of some soil conditions on sugar-beet seedling emergence

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Longden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYSeven soil conditioners added to a sandy clay soil at Saxmundham did not benefit sugar-beet seedling emergence in four experiments in 3 years. In microplots at Broom's Barn free draining peat and sandy loam gave consistently more seedlings than limestone loam or flinty loam. In the laboratory, for each of three soil types, emergence was maximal only for a small soil moisture range and decreased rapidly when soils became drier or wetter. This suggests that conditioners which increase water-holding capacity should be tested on sandy loams rather than clay soils and that seed-bed preparation on heavier soils should seek to aerate the soil.

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