DEFICIT DRIP IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT FOR SUNFLOWER CROP UNDER CLAY SOIL CONDITIONS

Tanier (Xanthosoma spp.) constitutes an impor tant dietary component with high market demand in Puerto Rico. However, tanier production in Puerto Rico has decreased dramatically in recent decades, largely because of a condition known as dry root rot (mal seco). One of the soil conditions known to enhance dry root rot is poor drainage, particularly when it occurs in sequence with drought periods. We examined tanier growth and yields in a very poorly drained upland Ultisol under three soil management treatments: 1) planting on the flat; 2) planting on ridges; and 3) planting on ridges with perforated tile drain tube placed at the base of the ridges. All treatments included drip irrigation management to prevent drought stress at any crop growth stage. Water table observation pipes were installed to monitor water table fluctuations. Yields of marketable cormels for treatments 1, 2 and 3 were 5.38,19.94 and 17.61 t/ha, respectively. Yields for the two ridged treatments (with and without tile drainage) were not statistically different at the p = 0.05 level, but both treatments produced yields statistically greater than that of the non-ridged control treatment. Mean water tab le depth remained within 50 cm of the soil surface during most of the growing season, and on some sampling dates was within 30 cm of the soil surface inspection of soil friability by hand at harvest time showed that even 10 months after initial tillage, the soil retained a loose structure with low mechanical impedance. Results indicate that on poorly drained clay soils with good structure, high yields of tanier can be obtained by planting on ridges under drip irrigation, with no additional benefits obtained by installing aeration tubing. The need to monitor water tables on poorly drained upland soils is also indicated.

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Water requirement and yield of fig trees under different drip irrigation management

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162014000100003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irineu P. de S. Andrade ◽

Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽

Wilk S. de Almeida ◽

Jonathas B. Gonçalves Silva ◽

Leonardo D. B. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Experimental Area ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fig Trees

This work aimed to study the effect of drip irrigation management on growth and yield of the 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig tree (Ficus carica L.), at three years old, and to determine crop coefficients (Kc) and its water requirement (ETc) under Baixada Fluminense climate and soil conditions, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study was carried out in the experimental area of SIPA (Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica) in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, from July 2011 to May 2012. The experimental area was divided in two blocks, named B1 (sandy clay loam texture) and B2 (loamy sand texture). In each block, irrigation frequencies (IF) of two (T1) and four days (T2) were evaluated, as well as the irrigation absence (T3). Irrigation management and water consumption determination were performed through the soil water balance, using the TDR technique. Plant growth was not affected by IF, differing only in the number of produced internodes. For both soil textures, the mean Kc was 0.60, with a significant difference (p<0.05) only for IF. The estimated mean yield showed no significant differences between both textural classes, ranging from 6,612 kg ha-1 (T3) to 8,554 kg ha-1 (T1). This study indicates the importance of irrigation frequency in the irrigation management of fig trees cultivated in soils with different physical characteristics.

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Water storage in wetted strips under irrigated coffee trees with different criteria of irrigation management

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162013000200004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Colombo ◽

Lívia A. Alvarenga ◽

Myriane S. Scalco ◽

Randal C. Ribeiro ◽

Giselle F. Abreu

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Water Storage ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Water Volume ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

The One

The increasing demand for water resources accentuates the need to reduce water waste through a more appropriate irrigation management. In the particular case of irrigated coffee planting, which in recent years presented growth with the predominance of drip irrigation, the improvement of drip irrigation management techniques is a necessity. The proper management of drip irrigation depends on the knowledge of the spatial pattern of soil moisture distribution inside the wetted strip formed under the irrigation lines. In this study, grids of 24 tensiometers were used to determine the water storage within the wetted strip formed under drippers, with a 3.78 L h-1 discharge, evenly spaced by 0.4 m, subjected to two different management criteria (fixed irrigation interval and 60 kPa tension). Estimates of storage based on a one-dimensional analysis, that only considers depth variations, were compared with two-dimensional estimates. The results indicate that for high-frequency irrigation the one-dimensional analysis is not appropriate. However, under less frequent irrigation, the two-dimensional analysis is dispensable, being the one-dimensional sufficient for calculating the water volume stored in the wetted strip.

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Irrigation management strategies for winter wheat using AquaCrop model

Journal of Natural Resources and Development ◽

10.5027/jnrd.v3i0.09 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 106-113

Author(s):

M.H. Ali ◽

I. Abustan

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Weather Data ◽

Water Model ◽

High Yield ◽

Management Decision ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Aquacrop Model ◽

Daily Weather Data

Many regions of the world face the challenge to ensure high yield with limited water supply. This calls for utilization of available water in an efficient and sustainable manner. Quantitative models can assist in management decision and planning purposes. The FAO’s newly developed crop-water model, AquaCrop, which simulates yield in response to water, has been calibrated for winter wheat and subsequently used to simulate yield under different sowing dates, irrigation frequencies, and irrigation sequences using 10 years daily weather data. The simulation results suggest that “2 irrigation frequency” is the most water-efficient schedule for wheat under the prevailing climatic and soil conditions. The results also indicate decreasing yield trend under late sowing. The normal/recommended sequence of irrigation performed better than the seven-days shifting from the normal. The results will help to formulate irrigation management plan based on the resource availability (water, and land availability from previous crop).

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Drip-irrigation Management for Watermelon in a Humid Region

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/2013.25657 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 335-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. A. Clark ◽

D. N. Maynard ◽

C. D. Stanley

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Humid Region

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Bionic Design of a Potato Digging Shovel with Drag Reduction Based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in Clay Soil

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10207096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 7096

Author(s):

Junwei Li ◽

Xiaohu Jiang ◽

Yunhai Ma ◽

Jin Tong ◽

Bin Hu

Keyword(s):

Discrete Element Method ◽

Drag Reduction ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Compressive Force ◽

Discrete Element ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Total Force ◽

Element Method

The resistance of ordinary potato digging shovels can increase dramatically when used in a clay soil because of the adhesion between the soil and shovel. In this paper, a new type of bionic potato digging shovel was designed to decrease adhesion. The bionic structural elements, i.e., scalelike units (S-U) were applied to the potato digging shovel with inspiration from pangolin scales. The discrete element method (DEM) considered cohesion was used to simulate the drag reduction performance in clayey soil conditions. An ordinary plane shovel (O-P-S) was used for comparison. Three indicators (total force, draft force and compressive force) were used to characterize the drag reduction performance. The effect of the design variables of the bionic structures (length [l] and height [h]) and the transversal and longitudinal arrangement spacing (S1 and S2) of the structures on the drag reduction performance were analyzed. The results showed that the drag reduction performance of the bionic shovels with suitable parameters was better than that of the O-P-S. The best bionic sample labeled as a bionic prototype had a 22.26% drag reduction rate during the soil bin test and a 14.19% drag reduction rate during the field test compared to the O-P-S.

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