scholarly journals Commonality in Abnormality: “Abnormal” Neuropsychological Scores Are Common in Baseline Testing of Youth Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Jessica Watson ◽  
Colin Brown ◽  
Rayna B Hirst ◽  
Ryan C Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Full Scale Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Objective Although research shows that abnormal scores are common in adults, fewer studies examine the frequency of abnormal scores within children. The present study assessed how specific tests, cognitive domains, and patient factors affect the likelihood of abnormally low scores among healthy youth athletes. Methods Youth athletes (n = 85, Mage = 11.72, SD = 2.23) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (N = 23 tests) during baseline testing for a sport-related concussion clinical research program. “Abnormal” scores were defined using cutoffs at 1, 1.5, and 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the population mean. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models examined abnormal test scores as a function of age, sex, ethnicity, and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). Results Using cutoffs of 1, 1.5, and 2 SDs, the percent of healthy participants with at least one abnormal test score was 61.2, 36.5, and 22.4%, respectively, indicating a high proportion of healthy participants with abnormal scores and low specificity for tests using these cutoffs. In univariate Poisson regression analyses, FSIQ and abnormal score were negatively correlated (p < .001), wherein lower FSIQ was associated with more abnormal scores. In multivariate regression analyses, lower performance on executive function, memory, and processing speed tests was significantly associated with an increased frequency of abnormal scores. Conclusions Abnormally low scores in healthy youth occur frequently and do not necessarily represent functional deficits. Cutoffs of 2 SDs should be considered for many tests to increase specificity and reduce the risk of false positive errors that could lead to negative clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Anticipated help-seeking for cancer symptoms before and after the coronavirus pandemic: results from the Onco-barometer population survey in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafina Petrova ◽  
Marina Pollán ◽  
Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco ◽  
Dunia Garrido ◽  
Josep M. Borrás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnostic Delays

Abstract Background The patient interval—the time patients wait before consulting their physician after noticing cancer symptoms—contributes to diagnostic delays. We compared anticipated help-seeking times for cancer symptoms and perceived barriers to help-seeking before and after the coronavirus pandemic. Methods Two waves (pre-Coronavirus: February 2020, N = 3269; and post-Coronavirus: August 2020, N = 1500) of the Spanish Onco-barometer population survey were compared. The international ABC instrument was administered. Pre–post comparisons were performed using multiple logistic and Poisson regression models. Results There was a consistent and significant increase in anticipated times to help-seeking for 12 of 13 cancer symptoms, with the largest increases for breast changes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.22–1–96) and unexplained bleeding (OR = 1.50, 1.26–1.79). Respondents were more likely to report barriers to help-seeking in the post wave, most notably worry about what the doctor may find (OR = 1.58, 1.35–1.84) and worry about wasting the doctor’s time (OR = 1.48, 1.25–1.74). Women and older individuals were the most affected. Conclusions Participants reported longer waiting times to help-seeking for cancer symptoms after the pandemic. There is an urgent need for public interventions encouraging people to consult their physicians with symptoms suggestive of cancer and counteracting the main barriers perceived during the pandemic situation.

785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A305-A306
Author(s):  
Jesse Moore ◽  
Ellita Williams ◽  
Collin Popp ◽  
Anthony Briggs ◽  
Judite Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

Do quadratic and Poisson regression models help to predict monthly rainfall?

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 288-318
Author(s):  
Youssef Kassem ◽  
Hüseyin Gökçekuş
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Monthly Rainfall

Developing a Cantonese Version of Birmingham Cognitive Screen for Stroke Survivors in Hong Kong

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pak-Hin Kong ◽  
John Chan ◽  
Johnny King-L. Lau ◽  
Wai-Ling Bickerton ◽  
Brendan Weekes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Cognitive Screen ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
State Examination

The Birmingham Cognitive Screen (BCoS) is a neuropsychological battery designed to assess impairment to a variety of cognitive domains including language in patients with brain injuries. Twenty-two stroke participants and 16 gender-, age-, and education-matched controls were recruited in Hong Kong. The stroke participants were administered HK-BCoS as well as standardized batteries of cognitive and language functions validated for the Cantonese-speaking population in Hong Kong, including the Cantonese version of the Western Aphasia Battery, Cantonese Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Hong Kong–Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results showed that HK-BCoS demonstrated good concurrent validity with all standardized batteries. HK-BCoS could discriminate between cognitive impairments in stroke patients and normal participants. Furthermore, HK-BCoS was found to have excellent intrarater and interrater reliabilities, good test–retest reliability, and fair split-half reliability as judged according to international criteria. In sum, HK-BCoS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive processing in Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong.

Group regularization for zero-inflated poisson regression models with an application to insurance ratemaking

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1567-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrabanti Chowdhury ◽  
Saptarshi Chatterjee ◽  
Himel Mallick ◽  
Prithish Banerjee ◽  
Broti Garai
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models

scholarly journals Confidence in perceptual decision-making is preserved in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Faivre ◽  
Matthieu Roger ◽  
Michael Pereira ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle ◽  
Jean-Christophe Vergnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Narrative Assessment ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractMetacognition is the set of reflexive processes allowing humans to evaluate the accuracy of their mental operations. Deficits in synthetic metacognition have been described in schizophrenia using mostly narrative assessment and linked to several key symptoms. Here, we assessed metacognitive performance by asking individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=20) and matched healthy participants (N = 21) to perform a visual discrimination task and subsequently report confidence in their performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequacy between visual discrimination performance and confidence. Bayesian analyses revealed equivalent metacognitive performance in the two groups despite a weaker association between confidence and trajectory tracking during task execution among patients. These results were reproduced using a bounded evidence accumulation model which showed similar decisional processes in the two groups. The inability to accurately attune confidence to perceptual decisions in schizophrenia remains to be experimentally demonstrated, along with the way such impairments may underpin functional deficits.

scholarly journals Delirium symptoms are associated with decline in cognitive function between ages 53 to 69: findings from a British birth cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tsui ◽  
D Kuh ◽  
M Richards ◽  
D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFew population studies have investigated whether longitudinal decline after delirium in mid-to-late life might affect specific cognitive domains.METHODSParticipants from a birth cohort completing assessments of search speed, verbal memory and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination at age 69 were asked about delirium symptoms between ages 60-69. Linear regression models estimated associations between delirium symptoms and cognitive outcomes.RESULTSPeriod prevalence of delirium between 60 and 69 was 4% (95% CI 3.2%,4.9%). Self-reported symptoms of delirium over the seventh decade were associated with worse scores in the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (−1.7 points, 95% CI −3.2, −0.1, p=0.04). In association with delirium symptoms, verbal memory scores were initially lower, with subsequent decline in search speed by age 69. These effects were independent of other Alzheimer’s risk factors.DISCUSSIONDelirium symptoms may be common even at relatively younger ages, and their presence may herald cognitive decline, particularly in search speed, over this time period.

scholarly journals The Use of Synthetic Herbivory-Induced Plant Volatiles That Attract Specialist Parasitoid Wasps, Cotesia vestalis, for Controlling the Incidence of Diamondback Moth Larvae in Open Agricultural Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treated Plot

We evaluated the effectiveness of using a blend of volatiles that attract Cotesia vestalis, a specialist parasitoid wasp of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, to control DBM larvae on cabbage plants under open field conditions. We set three dispensers of the synthetic C. vestalis attractant together with one sugary-food feeder in a cabbage plot (10 m × 1 m; the treated plot) on one side of a pesticide-free open agricultural field (approximately 20 m × 20 m) from June to September in 2010 and July to August in 2011. On the other side of the field, we created a control cabbage plot of the same size in which neither dispensers nor a feeder was set. The incidences of DBM larvae and C. vestalis cocoons in the control and treated plots were compared. In 2010, the incidence of DBM larvae in the treated plot was significantly lower than that in the control plot. Poisson regression analyses in 2010 showed that the rate of increase in the number of C. vestalis cocoons along with an increase in the number of DBM larvae in the treated plot was significantly higher than that in the control plot. In 2011, the incidence in both the treated and control plots remained low (five larvae per plant or less) with no significant difference between the plots. Poisson regression analyses in 2011 showed that the number of C. vestalis cocoons in the treated plot was significantly higher than that in the control plot, irrespective of the number of DBM larvae. This 2-year field study suggested that the dispensers recruited native C. vestalis from the surrounding environment to the treated plot, and the dispensers controlled the number of DBM larvae in 2010 when the density of DBM larvae exceeded the economic injury levels for the cabbage crop. We also compared the incidences of other arthropods in the control and treated plots. The incidences of Pieris rapae larvae and Plusiinae spp. were not affected by the treatments. The number of aphids in the treated and control plots was inconsistent between the 2 years. Based on these 2-year results, the possible use of C. vestalis attractants in open agricultural fields is discussed.

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