scholarly journals The Use of Synthetic Herbivory-Induced Plant Volatiles That Attract Specialist Parasitoid Wasps, Cotesia vestalis, for Controlling the Incidence of Diamondback Moth Larvae in Open Agricultural Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Masaki Yamamoto ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treated Plot

We evaluated the effectiveness of using a blend of volatiles that attract Cotesia vestalis, a specialist parasitoid wasp of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, to control DBM larvae on cabbage plants under open field conditions. We set three dispensers of the synthetic C. vestalis attractant together with one sugary-food feeder in a cabbage plot (10 m × 1 m; the treated plot) on one side of a pesticide-free open agricultural field (approximately 20 m × 20 m) from June to September in 2010 and July to August in 2011. On the other side of the field, we created a control cabbage plot of the same size in which neither dispensers nor a feeder was set. The incidences of DBM larvae and C. vestalis cocoons in the control and treated plots were compared. In 2010, the incidence of DBM larvae in the treated plot was significantly lower than that in the control plot. Poisson regression analyses in 2010 showed that the rate of increase in the number of C. vestalis cocoons along with an increase in the number of DBM larvae in the treated plot was significantly higher than that in the control plot. In 2011, the incidence in both the treated and control plots remained low (five larvae per plant or less) with no significant difference between the plots. Poisson regression analyses in 2011 showed that the number of C. vestalis cocoons in the treated plot was significantly higher than that in the control plot, irrespective of the number of DBM larvae. This 2-year field study suggested that the dispensers recruited native C. vestalis from the surrounding environment to the treated plot, and the dispensers controlled the number of DBM larvae in 2010 when the density of DBM larvae exceeded the economic injury levels for the cabbage crop. We also compared the incidences of other arthropods in the control and treated plots. The incidences of Pieris rapae larvae and Plusiinae spp. were not affected by the treatments. The number of aphids in the treated and control plots was inconsistent between the 2 years. Based on these 2-year results, the possible use of C. vestalis attractants in open agricultural fields is discussed.

Assessment of nocturnal insects in desert locust habitat after the application of insecticides against Desert Locust in Sub-Zoba Shieb, Eritrea

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Daniel Brhane ◽  
Adugna Haile
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Population Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Locust Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Insecticide Control

The study on the impact of insecticide nocturnal insects used to control desert locust was conducted at Shelshela, sub-region Shieb from November 2015 to February 2016. Its aim was to assess the impact of Desert Locust control insecticides spray on non-target arthropods. The experiment was carried out in RCBD using three treatments of fenitrothion 96% ULV, chlorpyrifos 45% ULV and control with three replications. It was replicated three times. Each plot had a size of 1 ha with a buffer zone among plots and blocks were 100 m. Data were recorded two times at pre-sprays and five times at post-sprays. During study period 4 insect families were observed and data were analyzed. These were Calliphoridae, Elateridae, Scarabidae, and Pselaphidae. In pre-spray, data did not show significant difference among treatments used. After 48 hrs of post-spray result showed significant difference among treatments. Both insecticides treated plots showed significantly lower population count than control plot. Between the treatments used fenitrothion treated plots generally showed more reduction in population count than chlorpyrifos. From the study it is observed that Elateridae can be used as bio-indicator during insecticide control of desert locust in the study areas.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Botanicals against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Tomato

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMZ Rahman ◽  
MH Haque ◽  
SN Alam ◽  
M Mahmudunnabi ◽  
NK Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treated Plot

Four botanicals viz., mahogany oil, mahogany seed extract, tobacco leaf extract, neem seed kernel extract along with one synthetic chemical, cypermethrin were tested for their efficacies against H. armigera. The lowest fruit infestation, both by number and weight, was observed in neem seed kernel extract (27.15%, 22.29%) treated plot which was statistically similar to tobacco leaf extract (27.71%, 23.31%) treated plot and cypermethrin (28.87%, 25.44%) treated fruits. While no significant difference was found among mahogany oil, mahogany seed extract and control treatments. Percent infestation reduction over control was the highest in neem seed kernel extract (30.08%) followed by tobacco leaf extract (28.68%). The highest yield (18.14 t/ha) and the highest MBCR (2.99) were also obtained from neem seed kernel extract treated fruits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19868 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 131-139

Abstract P535: Quality of Reperfusion and Clinical Outcome in ESCAPE-NA1 Trial

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Cimflova ◽  
Nishita Singh ◽  
Johanna Ospel ◽  
Martha Marko ◽  
Nima Kashani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Good Clinical Outcome ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: We evaluated clinical outcome in relation to the degree of reperfusion in ESCAPE-NA1 trial. Methods: ESCAPE-NA1 was a multicenter, international randomized trial assessing the efficacy of nerinetide in ischemic stroke patients who underwent EVT within 12h from onset. Independent clinical outcome [90-days modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2], excellent clinical outcome (90-days mRS 0-1), isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage with no parenchymal hemorrhage (iSAH) or symptomatic hemorrhage (sICH) on follow-up imaging, and death were compared between a treatment group and control group with respect to the level of reperfusion defined as mTICI. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Data from 1090 patients were assessed. The occlusion locations were terminal ICA (18.3%), M1 MCA (61.8%,) M2 MCA (15.1%), other - e.g. M3 (3.7%). Final mTICI 0-1 was achieved in 5.5% of patients, mTICI 2a in 7.5%, mTICI 2b in 40.8%, mTICI 2c in 26.6% and mTICI 3 in 19.5%. Isolated SAH was present in 1.7% and sICH in 3%. There was no significant difference between the nerinetide and control groups in the reperfusion grade, presence of iSAH or sICH, or in clinical outcome. Odds of independent outcomes (mRS 0-2) and odds of excellent outcome (mRS 0-1) were significantly increasing with each improved reperfusion grade, Table 1. Sixty percent of patients with final mTICI 2b, 70% with mTICI 2c and 69% with mTICI 3 achieved good clinical outcome in comparison to 30% of patients with mTICI 0-2a. The incidence of iSAH was significantly lower in the NA1 arm (OR 0.28, 95%CI: 0.09-0.86, p=.027) adjusting for reperfusion status. Conclusion: Degrees of better reperfusion are strongly associated with better outcomes and reduced mortality. mTICI 2c-3 reperfusion should be a standard goal of EVT.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON HEAVY METALS AND MACRONUTRIENTS ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AND WOOD OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. / ANTROPOGENINIO POVEIKIO ĮTAKA SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR MAKROELEMENTŲ KAUPIMUISI DIRVOŽEMYJE IR PUŠIES (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) MEDIENOJE / ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫМИ МЕТАЛЛАМИ И МАКРОЭЛЕМЕНТАМИНА ПОЧВУ И СОСНУ ОБЫКНОВЕННУЮ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Pundytė ◽  
Edita Baltrėnaitė ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Dainius Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The investigation is focused on the uptake of heavy metals and macronutrients fluxes in Pinus sylvestris L. wood and soil under the sampled trees from contaminated and control sites. Soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total and bioavailable heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and macronutrients, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were compared on contaminated and control sites. Also, metal uptake of contaminated and control pine woods was determined. Concentrations of soil bioavailable Cd (0.009 mg kg−1), Pb (0.11 mg kg−1), Cu (0.076 mg kg−1), Zn (0.51 mg kg−1) and K (24.42 mg kg−1), Mg (8.44 mg kg−1) on the contaminated plot were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than on the control plot 0.00004 mg kg−1for Cd, 0.007 mg kg−1 for Pb, 0.002 mg kg−1 for Cu, 0.22 mg kg−1 for Zn and 7.81 mg kg−1 for K, 2.40 mg kg−1for Mg. In addition, the percentage of bioavailable metals in contaminated soils was higher. Pb (34.49 mg kg−1), Cu (0.258 mg kg−1), Zn (1.36 mg kg−1) and K, Mg concentrations in wood were statistically higher than on the control site Pb (0.01 mg kg−1), Cu (0.172 mg kg−1), Zn (0.93 mg kg−1), at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively. Cd did not show any significant difference in concentration on the contaminated plot in comparison to the control site. Santrauka Pagrindinis tiriamojo darbo tikslas – nustatyti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris L.), augusios šalia buvusios Ekrano gamyklos Panevėžyje, medienoje bei palyginti su augusios kontrolinėje teritorijoje. Įvertinta ir palyginta abiejų teritorijų dirvožemis, nustatyta dirvožemio pH, bendrosios anglies kiekis (TOC), įvertintos suminė ir judriosios fazės sunkiųjų metalų – švino (Pb), kadmio (Cd), vario (Cu), cinko (Zn) bei makroelementų – kalio (K) ir magnio(Mg) koncentracijos. Nustatyta į pušų medieną užterštoje ir kontrolinėje teritorijose patekusių metalų kiekiai. Akivaizdu, kad judriosios fazės metalų koncentracijos užterštoje teritorijoje (Cd – 0,009 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,11 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,076 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,51 mg·kg–1 ir K – 24,42 mg·kg–1, Mg – 8,44 mg·kg–1) yra didesnės (p < 0,001) nei kontrolinėje(Cd – 0,000 04 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,007 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,000 2 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,22 mg·kg–1 ir K – 7,81 mg·kg–1, Mg – 2,40 mg·kg–1). Pb (34,5 mg·kg–1), Cu (0,258 mg·kg–1), Zn (1,36 mg·kg–1) ir K bei Mg koncentracijos buvo statistiškaididesnės užterštoje teritorijoje (p < 0,05) augusios pušies medienoje nei kontrolinės (p < 0,001) – Pb – 0,01 mg kg–1, Cu – 0,172 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,93 mg kg–1. Cd koncentracija užterštoje teritorijoje augusios pušies medienoje nedaug skyrėsi nuo kontrolinės. Резюме Главной целью научноисследовательской работы было определить количество тяжелых металлов в древесинесосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) на территории бывшего завода «Экранас» в Паневежисе и сравнить его сданными контрольной территории. В исследовательской работе оценены и сравнены почвы обеих территорий,определен показатель рН почвы, общее количество углерода (ОКУ), оценены общие и растворимые концентрации тяжелых металлов свинца (Pb), кадмия (Cd), меди (Cu), цинка (Zn), концентрации макроэлементов калия (K) имагния (Mg). Также оценено попадание металлов в древесину сосны в загрязненной и контрольной зонах. Замечена тенденция: концентрация растворимых металлов Cd (0,009 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,11 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,076 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,51 мг·кг–1) и K (24,42 мг·кг–1), Mg (8,44 мг·кг–1) в загрязненной зоне выше (p < 0.001), чем в контрольной, соответственно Cd (0,00004 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,007 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,002 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,22 мг·кг–1) ir K (7,81 мг·кг–1), Mg (2,40 мг·кг–1). Концентрации Pb (34,49 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,258 мг·кг–1), Zn (1,36 мг·кг–1), K и Mg в древесине были статистически выше на загрязненной территории (p < 0,05), чем на контрольной (p < 0,001) – Pb (0,01 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,172 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,93 мг·кг–1). Концентрация Cd на загрязненной территории существенно не отличалась отконцентрации на контрольной территории.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Eva Sudarwati ◽  
Shynta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

Impact of intrawound vancomycin powder on prevention of surgical site infection after posterior spinal surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ushirozako ◽  
Tomohiko Hasegawa ◽  
Yu Yamato ◽  
Go Yoshida ◽  
Tatsuya Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Propensity Score Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
Vancomycin Powder ◽  
Vancomycin Group ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVESurgical site infection (SSI) after posterior spinal surgery is one of the severe complications that may occur despite administration of prophylactic antibiotics and the use of intraoperative aseptic precautions. The use of intrawound vancomycin powder for SSI prevention is still controversial, with a lack of high-quality and large-scale studies. The purpose of this retrospective study using a propensity score–matched analysis was to clarify whether intrawound vancomycin powder prevents SSI occurrence after spinal surgery.METHODSThe authors analyzed 1261 adult patients who underwent posterior spinal surgery between 2010 and 2018 (mean age 62.3 years; 506 men, 755 women; follow-up period at least 1 year). Baseline and surgical data were assessed. After a preliminary analysis, a propensity score model was established with adjustments for age, sex, type of disease, and previously reported risk factors for SSI. The SSI rates were compared between patients with intrawound vancomycin powder treatment (vancomycin group) and those without (control group).RESULTSIn a preliminary analysis of 1261 unmatched patients (623 patients in the vancomycin group and 638 patients in the control group), there were significant differences between the groups in age (p = 0.041), body mass index (p = 0.013), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (p < 0.001), malnutrition (p = 0.001), revision status (p < 0.001), use of steroids (p = 0.019), use of anticoagulation (p = 0.033), length of surgery (p = 0.003), estimated blood loss (p < 0.001), and use of instrumentation (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in SSI rates between the vancomycin and control groups (21 SSIs [3.4%] vs 33 SSIs [5.2%]; OR 0.640, 95% CI 0.368–1.111; p = 0.114). Using a one-to-one propensity score–matched analysis, 444 pairs of patients from the vancomycin and control groups were selected. There was no significant difference in the baseline and surgical data, except for height (p = 0.046), between both groups. The C-statistic for the propensity score model was 0.702. In the score-matched analysis, 12 (2.7%) and 24 (5.4%) patients in the vancomycin and control groups, respectively, developed SSIs (OR 0.486, 95% CI 0.243–0.972; p = 0.041). There were no systemic complications related to the use of vancomycin.CONCLUSIONSThe current study showed that intrawound vancomycin powder was useful in reducing the risk of SSI after posterior spinal surgery by half, without adverse events. Intrawound vancomycin powder use is a safe and effective procedure for SSI prevention.

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