A-30 Measures of Attention and Inhibitory Control: Comparing the TOVA to the NIH Toolbox Flanker Test in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1071
Author(s):  
Amber N Schaefer ◽  
Christopher J Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Single Score ◽  
Omission Errors

Abstract Objective The Attention Comparison Score for the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was developed as a “single score” method of differentiating individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from controls (Leark, Greenburg, Kindschi, Dupuy & Hughes, 2008). Recent literature has documented that a more nuanced interpretation of TOVA scores, including the Attention Comparison Score, Commission Errors, and Omission Errors, can be more useful in describing the nature of impairment (e.g., sustained attention and/or inhibitory control) experienced by individuals diagnosed with ADHD (Winstone, Logid, Foley & Nicholls, 2019). The NIH Toolbox Cognition battery also assesses attention and inhibitory control by means of a Flanker Test. The current study examines whether the TOVA Attention Comparison Score predicts performance on the NIH Toolbox Flanker Test, and if adding TOVA Commission Error and Omission Error variables would predict greater amounts of variance on the Flanker Test in a pediatric sample. Method A sample of 64 pediatric patients (62.7% male, 37.3% female) diagnosed with ADHD aged 4–17 years (M = 11.25; SD = 3.74) was administered the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and TOVA as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation in a private practice in Scottsdale, Arizona. Results Our data found support that the more nuanced approach of adding commission and omission information better predicted Flanker scores than the Attention Comparison Score alone. Conclusion Based on the findings, clinicians utilizing the TOVA as a means of assessing for ADHD in pediatric populations should consider omission and commission errors to better understand attention and inhibitory control abilities.

scholarly journals A Randomized Trial of Comparing the Efficacy of Two Neurofeedback Protocols for Treatment of Clinical and Cognitive Symptoms of ADHD: Theta Suppression/Beta Enhancement and Theta Suppression/Alpha Enhancement

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Mohagheghi ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Nafiseh Moghaddasi Bonab ◽  
Gholamreza Chalabianloo ◽  
Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Omission Errors

Introduction. Neurofeedback (NF) is an adjuvant or alternative therapy for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study intended to compare the efficacy of two different NF protocols on clinical and cognitive symptoms of ADHD. Materials and Methods. In this clinical trial, sixty children with ADHD aged 7 to 10 years old were randomly grouped to receive two different NF treatments (theta suppression/beta enhancement protocol and theta suppression/alpha enhancement protocol). Clinical and cognitive assessments were conducted prior to and following the treatment and also after an eight-week follow-up. Results. Both protocols alleviated the symptoms of ADHD in general (p<0.001), hyperactivity (p<0.001), inattention (p<0.001), and omission errors (p<0.001); however, they did not affect the oppositional and impulsive scales nor commission errors. These effects were maintained after an eight-week intervention-free period. The only significant difference between the two NF protocols was that high-frequency alpha enhancement protocol performed better in suppressing omission errors (p<0.001). Conclusion. The two NF protocols with theta suppression/beta enhancement and theta suppression/alpha enhancement have considerable and comparable effect on clinical symptoms of ADHD. Alpha enhancement protocol was more effective in suppressing omission errors.

scholarly journals Is a Virtual Reality Test Able to Predict Current and Retrospective ADHD Symptoms in Adulthood and Adolescence?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Areces ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Marisol Cueli ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Patient Performance

Despite the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood and adolescence, there are few objective, reliable instruments (based on patient performance) that have been shown to be able to predict current and retrospective ADHD symptoms. The present study aimed to explore whether a validated VR test called Nesplora Aquarium is able to predict ADHD symptoms in adults and adolescents, based on both current and retrospective self-reports. A non-clinical sample of 156 adults and adolescents (70 women and 86 men) between 16 and 54 years of age (M = 21.23, SD = 8.04) took part in the study. Virtual reality (VR) variables such as the number of correct answers, omission and commission errors, among others, were used to predict current and retrospective self-reported symptoms of ADHD using multiple regression models. Correct answers and omission errors in the VR test significantly predicted both current and retrospective ADHD symptoms. However, only the number of perseveration errors and gender were able to significantly predict retrospective ADHD symptoms. These findings suggest that inattention problems tend to remain after adolescence, while perseveration errors (which have been related to impulsive behavior) and gender differences tend to diminish.

The use and meaning of the continuous performance test in schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bellani ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
Omission Errors

AbstractThe continuous performance test (CPT) is a behavioural assessment of attentional modulation of the motor system (Rosvold et al., 1956). It has firstly been used in patients with brain injuries and then applied to assess sustained attention and vigilance in epilepsy, brain tumor, dementia, schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (Rosvold et al., 1956; Honey et al., 2005; Kanaka et al., 2008). There are several versions of the test. For instance, the X-CPT version presents randomly different stimuli and subjects are asked to push a button only on presentation of the target stimuli (X). In the AX-CPT version, the subjects are required to push the button only when a cue stimulus is presented before the target one (A before X). The following items are measured for the X and AX tasks: omission errors (number of times subjects fail to respond to target stimulation), commission errors (number of times subjects respond to non target stimulation), average reaction time and coefficient of variance for both correct reactions and commission errors (Suwa et al., 2004). There are other versions, such as the CPT-not X version where the subjects are asked not to push a button when the target stimulus (X) is presented; the Degraded Stimuli (DS)-CPT (Nuechterlein, 1983); the CPT playing card version (Rutschmann et al., 1977); and the CPT Identical Pairs version (Cornblatt et al., 1988), which is a more difficult task prepared to assess high risk population. Interestingly, the Identical Pairs version has been included in the Matrics neurocognitive assessment, a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials of cognition in schizophrenia (Nuechterlein et al., 2008).

scholarly journals The Differential Effect of Anxiety and ADHD Symptoms on Inhibitory Control and Sustained Attention for Threat Stimuli: A Go/No-Go Eye-Movement Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472093080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Manoli ◽  
Simon P. Liversedge ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke ◽  
Julie A. Hadwin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Movement Study ◽  
Omission Errors

Objective: This study examined the synergistic effects of ADHD and anxiety symptoms on attention and inhibitory control depending on the emotional content of the stimuli. Method: Fifty-four typically developing individuals (27 children/adolescents and 27 adults) completed an eye-movement based emotional Go/No-Go task, using centrally presented (happy, angry) faces and neutral/symbolic stimuli. Sustained attention was measured through saccade latencies and saccadic omission errors (Go trials), and inhibitory control through saccadic commission errors (No-Go trials). ADHD and anxiety were assessed dimensionally. Results: Elevated ADHD symptoms were associated with more commission errors and slower saccade latencies for angry (vs. happy) faces. In contrast, angry faces were linked to faster saccade onsets when anxiety symptoms were high, and this effect prevailed when both anxiety and ADHD symptoms were high. Conclusion: Social threat impacted performance in individuals with sub-clinical anxiety and ADHD differently. The effects of anxiety on threat processing prevailed when both symptoms were high.

Audiology Service Models in a Family Physician Practice Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Krishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Family Practice Physicians ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Balance Problems

This article illustrates the potential of placing audiology services in a family physician’s practice setting to increase referrals of geriatric and pediatric patients to audiologists. The primary focus of family practice physicians is the diagnosis/intervention of critical systemic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer). Hence concurrent hearing/balance disorders are likely to be overshadowed in such patients. If audiologists get referrals from these physicians and have direct access to diagnose and manage concurrent hearing/balance problems in these patients, successful audiology practice patterns will emerge, and there will be increased visibility and profitability of audiological services. As a direct consequence, audiological services will move into the mainstream of healthcare delivery, and the profession of audiology will move further towards its goals of early detection and intervention for hearing and balance problems in geriatric and pediatric populations.

Pediatric care coordination and risk tiering: Moving beyond claims data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hillary E. Swann-Thomsen ◽  
Jared Vineyard ◽  
John Hanks ◽  
Rylon Hofacer ◽  
Claire Sitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Coordination ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Special Health Care ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Mean Differences

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of a pediatric stratification tool that incorporates health and non-medical determinants to identify children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) patients according to increasing levels of complexity and compare this method to existing tools for pediatric populations. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined pediatric patients aged 0 to 21 years who received care at our institution between 2012 and 2015. We used the St. Luke’s Children’s Acuity Tool (SLCAT) to evaluate mean differences in dollars billed, number of encounters, and number of problems on the problem list and compared the SLCAT to the Pediatric Chronic Conditions Classification System version2 (CCCv2). RESULTS: Results indicate that the SLCAT assigned pediatric patients into levels reflective of resource utilization and found that children with highly complex chronic conditions had significantly higher utilization than those with mild and/or moderate complex conditions. The SLCAT found 515 patients not identified by the CCCv2. Nearly half of those patients had a mental/behavioral health diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide evidence that a tiered classification model that incorporates all aspects of a child’s care may result in more accurate identification of CYSHCN. This would allow for primary care provider and care coordination teams to match patients and families with the appropriate amount and type of care coordination services.

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