scholarly journals A-61 * Four-Hour Delayed Recall of Logical Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
R. Ladowsky-Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory

scholarly journals Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chapman ◽  
Mark Mapstone ◽  
Margaret N. Gardner ◽  
Tiffany C. Sandoval ◽  
John W. McCrary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Immediate Recall

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

Memory score discrepancies by healthy middle-aged and older individuals: The contributions of age and education

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA ECONOMOU
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine discrepancies between immediate/delayed recall and recall/working memory in middle-aged and older persons by age and education. Participants were 322 healthy individuals from the community who were stratified into three age and three education groups. Immediate and delayed recall distributions of WMS-III Logical Memory (LM) scores approximated normal curves, and LM savings scores showed a significant, but small, effect of age. LM (immediate, delayed) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) discrepancies varied as a function of age and education. The difference between LM and LNS was not significant in the younger and less educated participants, but increased with age in the most educated group, and in the oldest group LNS exceeded LM (immediate and delayed). The results indicate deterioration in encoding and retrieval, rather than storage, with age, and show a differential, but small, effect of age and education on the memory measures. Working memory was resistant to age-related decline relative to immediate and delayed recall in the oldest, most educated group. Delayed recall–working memory discrepancy is relatively stable with age and education and may be a useful index of the onset of memory pathology across different ages and levels of education.(JINS, 2009,15, 963–972.)

The Edinburgh Cohort of HIV-Positive Drug Users: Pattern of Cognitive Impairment in Relation to Progression of Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Egan ◽  
Ray P. Brettle ◽  
Guy M. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory

To examine the neuropsychiatric effects of infection with HIV, 220 drug users (27 HIV negative, 193 HIV positive) completed tests evaluating premorbid intelligence, memory, non-verbal performance, information processing speed, and mood. When these measures were compared cross-sectionally by the severity of HIV illness, symptomatic patients (in CDC stage IV) were impaired on Trails B, two-choice decision time, delayed recall of the Wechsler Logical Memory Test and most components of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. These findings imply reduced capacity for concentration, speed of thought and memory. When 101 patients were retested a mean of 16 months after their initial assessment, performance on Trails A and B, Block Design and delayed recall of the Wechsler Logical Memory Test deteriorated more for patients at, or progressing within, CDC stage IV, than performance of patients at stage III. The results broadly correspond to the cross-sectional findings. However, there was a decline in all tests of memory function for the sample independent of clinical staging. This may be evidence of brain involvement before the appearance of other symptoms. Self-rated measures of mood did not change cross-sectionally, progressively, or interactively with time and stage of HIV illness, and cannot account for the changes in cognitive function observed. Change in drug use, similarly, does not account for the cognitive findings. Four (5%) of the retested subjects developed AIDS dementia complex, but most of the performance and memory impairments seen were subclinical despite the destructive neuropathology presumed to underlie intellectual decline in patients with HIV infection. An exploratory analysis of treatment with zidovudine in 65 patients with stage IV disease showed no demonstrable benefit for cognitive function.

What does the WMS–III tell us about memory changes with normal aging?

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN Y. HAALAND ◽  
LARRY PRICE ◽  
ASENATH LARUE
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
New Information ◽  
Pattern Of Performance

The standardization sample from the WMS–III (N = 1250), which varied in age from 16 to 89, was used to determine whether encoding, retrieval, or storage of verbal and spatial information was most affected by normal aging. Immediate and delayed recall and recognition of Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction were examined. Immediate verbal and spatial recall significantly deteriorated with increasing age, and the age-associated deterioration in delayed recall and recognition was largely explained by poorer immediate memory. These findings, in concert with the smaller aging effects for percent retention after a delay, suggest that the aging effect is due to deterioration in encoding more than retrieval or storage of new information. While Visual Reproduction deteriorated more rapidly with age than Logical Memory, the pattern of performance decrements as a function of age were comparable across both tests. Decreases in performance were first seen in the fifth decade with gradual deterioration until the eighth decade when there was another precipitous drop. These results suggest that functions that are more dependent on the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to aging than those that are more dependent on the temporal lobes. (JINS, 2003, 9, 89–96.)

scholarly journals 487 Instrumental evaluation of mild cognitive decline in hypertensive patients: the role of transcranial doppler

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano Junior Ferruzzi ◽  
Valeria Visco ◽  
Francesco Loria ◽  
Sofia Donnarumma ◽  
Gennaro Galasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Abstract Aims Hypertension is a known risk factor for stroke and vascular dementia. Recent studies have also shown that arterial hypertension represents a clear risk factor for mild cognitive decline and its evolution into Alzheimer’s disease. Really, mild cognitive decline significantly compromises the patient’s quality of life, reducing compliance with therapy and increasing mortality and hospitalization. Diagnosis of dementia is challenging and requires both ruling out potentially treatable underlying causes and ruling in a diagnosis of dementia subtype. Currently, this diagnosis is based on the execution of second-level investigations (e.g. neuroimaging), that are expensive and not always available. For this reason, we analysed a population of hypertensive patients without atrial fibrillation and/or cerebrovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases, with the aim of verifying the existence of an association between cognitive impairment and flows on the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Methods We considered 33 hypertensive patients (age 64.90 co1.40 years; 72% male). Specifically, we considered anthropometric, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters. Also, we administered: an accurate, sensitive, and specific screening test (QMCI) for the assessment of intermediate cognitive decline (MCI), which explores spatial and temporal orientation, registration, delayed recall, clock design, logical memory and verbal fluency in a concise time (5 min—score 0–100); a compliance questionnaire (Morisky medication adherence scale); a questionnaire on nutritional status (MNA). Finally, we recorded transcranial Doppler flows on the MCA. Results There is no QMCItot score compatible with dementia (<20) among the patients analysed. A statistically significant inverse association emerged between total QMCI score and Morisky score (P < 0.0001); in addition, the analysis of the different sections of the QMCI questionnaire showed: an inverse relationship between the Morisky score and the clock test (P 0.013), delayed recall (P 0.024) and logical memory (P 0.028). By comparing the Doppler velocities sampled on the MCA with QMCI scores, a statistically significant inverse relationship was found between mean flow velocity and orientation at QMCI (P 0.023), between PSV and orientation (P 0.017) and between EDV and orientation (P 0.049) (Figure). Conclusions In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time the existence of a significant association between the QMCI and the sampling of the MCA at the ultrasound Doppler. Studies on a larger population will be needed to confirm this association and to test the translational relevance, in particular to tailor therapeutic approach in patients with abnormal MCA Doppler.

Longitudinal analysis of APOE-ε4 genotype with the logical memory delayed recall score in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Fokuoh ◽  
Danqing Xiao ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yongke Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Recall Score ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Apoe Ε4

scholarly journals Proper names from story recall are associated with beta-amyloid in cognitively unimpaired adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D Mueller ◽  
Rebecca Koscik ◽  
LianLian Du ◽  
Davide Bruno ◽  
Erin M Jonaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Item Level

Due to advances in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers including beta-amyloid (Aβ), neuropsychological measures that are sensitive to concurrent, subtle changes in cognition are critically needed. Story recall tasks have shown sensitivity to early memory declines in persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment and early stage dementia, as well as in persons with autosomal dominantly inherited AD up to 10 years prior to a dementia diagnosis. However, the evidence is inconclusive regarding relationships between evidence of Aβ and story recall measures. Because story recall tasks require the encoding and delayed retrieval of several lexical-semantic categories, such as proper names, verbs, and numerical expressions, and because lexical categories have been shown to be differentially impaired in persons with MCI, we focused on item-level analyses of lexical-semantic retrieval from a quintessential story recall task, Logical Memory from the Wechsler Memory Scale. Our objective was to investigate whether delayed recall of lexical categories (proper names, verbs and/or numerical expressions), as well as the traditional total score measure, was associated with 'preclinical AD,' or cognitively unimpaired adults with positive Aβ deposition on positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging using Pittsburgh Compound B. We developed an item-level scoring system, in which we parsed items into lexical categories and examined the immediate and delayed recall of these lexical categories from 217 cognitively unimpaired participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. We performed binary logistic regression models with story recall score as predictor and Aβ status (positive/negative) as the outcome. Using baseline Logical Memory data, proper names from delayed story recall were significantly associated with Aβ status, such that participants who recalled more proper names were less likely to be classified as PiB(+) (odds ratio = .58, p=.01). None of the other story recall variables, including total score, were associated with PiB status. Secondary analyses determined that immediate recall of proper names was not significantly associated with Aβ, suggesting a retrieval deficit rather than that of encoding. The present findings suggest that lexical semantic retrieval measures from existing story recall tasks may be sensitive to Aβ deposition, and may provide added utility to a widely-used, long-standing neuropsychological test for early detection of cognitive decline on the AD continuum.

scholarly journals Relationship between elevated impulsivity and cognitive declines in elderly community-dwelling individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Sakurai ◽  
Haowei Li ◽  
Noriko Inamura ◽  
Nobutaka Masuoka ◽  
Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
State Examination

AbstractImpulse control disorders are recognized as one of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Majority of studies on the treatment of BPSD related to impulsivity have rather focused on the aggression and agitation. In particular, it has not been investigated how cognitive declines are associated with impulsivity in community-dwelling elderly people. Here, we have measured the cognitive and memory functions and impulsivity of 212 elderly community-dwelling people using a psychometric test battery and analyzed the correlation between their level of impulsivity and cognitive functions by multiple regression analysis. We found an elevation of impulsivity, which was evaluated by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, closely related to decline of cognitive functions, which were evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination, and Logical Memory function, which were evaluated by the Wechsler Memory Scale-Delayed Recall. Then we have divided them into groups based on the severity of cognitive decline and conducted an analysis of each group, the result of which showed that as this tendency was particularly noticeable in the suspected dementia group. Therefore, we have concluded that heightened impulsivity is negatively associated with cognitive and memory functions in community-dwelling elderly people.

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