The Edinburgh Cohort of HIV-Positive Drug Users: Pattern of Cognitive Impairment in Relation to Progression of Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Egan ◽  
Ray P. Brettle ◽  
Guy M. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory

To examine the neuropsychiatric effects of infection with HIV, 220 drug users (27 HIV negative, 193 HIV positive) completed tests evaluating premorbid intelligence, memory, non-verbal performance, information processing speed, and mood. When these measures were compared cross-sectionally by the severity of HIV illness, symptomatic patients (in CDC stage IV) were impaired on Trails B, two-choice decision time, delayed recall of the Wechsler Logical Memory Test and most components of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. These findings imply reduced capacity for concentration, speed of thought and memory. When 101 patients were retested a mean of 16 months after their initial assessment, performance on Trails A and B, Block Design and delayed recall of the Wechsler Logical Memory Test deteriorated more for patients at, or progressing within, CDC stage IV, than performance of patients at stage III. The results broadly correspond to the cross-sectional findings. However, there was a decline in all tests of memory function for the sample independent of clinical staging. This may be evidence of brain involvement before the appearance of other symptoms. Self-rated measures of mood did not change cross-sectionally, progressively, or interactively with time and stage of HIV illness, and cannot account for the changes in cognitive function observed. Change in drug use, similarly, does not account for the cognitive findings. Four (5%) of the retested subjects developed AIDS dementia complex, but most of the performance and memory impairments seen were subclinical despite the destructive neuropathology presumed to underlie intellectual decline in patients with HIV infection. An exploratory analysis of treatment with zidovudine in 65 patients with stage IV disease showed no demonstrable benefit for cognitive function.

Abstract 34: Cognitive Outcomes Following Intracranial Injection of SB623 Cells in Patients with Stable Ischemic Strokes

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L Kenmuir ◽  
Vivek K Reddy ◽  
Carol Stilley ◽  
Penelope Zeifert ◽  
Gary K Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Intracranial Injection

Background: Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of disability with 90% of patients achieving no improvement after 90 days. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intraparenchymal administration of SB623 cells in chronic stroke. SB623 cells are adult bone-marrow-derived cells transfected with a plasmid encoding the intracellular domain of Notch-1 and have been shown to secrete factors that protect neurons in animal models. Methods: Patients with hemiparesis from stable subcortical ischemic stroke and NIHSS > 7 received intracranial injection of 2.5, 5 or 10 million SB623 cells. Clinical outcome measures including NIHSS, MRS, ESS, FMA and cognitive testing including Rey verbal learning and figure copy, digit vigilance, digit-symbol coding, trails, logical memory, word association, Stroop interference and letter-number sequencing were recorded at baseline and then repeated at 6 and 12 months. Results: 18 patients were enrolled, 11 had complete data available for analysis. There was improvement from 0-12 months in Rey verbal learning (p = 0.033); and from 0-6 months in categorical word association (p = 0.014), which was affected by cell dose (p = 0.043). Patients with cortical versus deep infarcts showed more improvement on Rey figure immediate (p = 0.01) and delayed recall (p = 0.014), and digit-symbol coding (p = 0.042). Patients with left-sided infarcts showed more improvement on logical memory (T1 p = 0.038, T2 p = 0.008), but worsened performance on letter number sequencing (p = 0.046). Conclusions: Intraparenchymal injection of SB623 cells in chronic ischemic strokes resulted in improvement of some measures of cognitive function. Further investigation of cognitive function in stem cell therapy for stroke is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Severe Depression on Global Cognitive Function and Memory

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. McClintock ◽  
C. Munro Cullum ◽  
Mustafa M. Husain ◽  
A. John Rush ◽  
Rebedca G. Knapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning Test

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is thought to negatively impact cognitive function; however, the relationship has not been well explored.Objective: This study examined the association between depression severity and global cognitive function and memory in subjects with severe, treatment-resistant MDD.Methods: We enrolled 66 subjects with Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosed unipolar MDD in a multicenter trial to assess the efficacy and neurocognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We measured depression severity with the 24 item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD24). Neuropsychologic measures included the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Complex Figure Test (CFT). Correlational and regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between depression severity and cognitive function.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 53.6 years (SD=15.8), 65% were female, and mean HRSD24 was 33.9 (SD=6.7). Mean demographic-corrected T-scores for each neurocognitive measure were in the average to borderline range, and HRSD24 values were unrelated to performance on the MMSE, RAVLT immediate and delayed recall, and CFT immediate and delayed recall.Conclusion: In this sample of severely depressed subjects referred for ECT, depression severity was unrelated to global cognitive function or memory. Future research should examine the interactions between other depressive characteristics and neurocognitive function.

Abstract 2718: Cognitive Function is Poorer in Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Pressler ◽  
Usha Subramanian ◽  
David Kareken ◽  
Susan M Perkins ◽  
Irmina Gradus-Pizlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Comparison Groups

Background: Heart failure (HF) patients have been found to have cognitive deficits but studies have been limited by small samples and lack of comparison groups. Objective: To determine the types, frequency, and severity of cognitive deficits among patients (pts) with chronic HF compared to age- and education-matched healthy (HC) participants and participants with major medical conditions but not HF (MC). Methods: In this comparative study, face-to-face interviews were completed by 414 participants (249 HF pts, 63 HC, 102 MC) to assess function in cognitive domains of language, working memory, memory (verbal learning total and delayed recall), psychomotor speed, and executive function. Characteristics of HF pts were: mean age 62.9 yrs; 63% men; mean education 12.9 yrs; mean LVEF 28%; NYHA I-15%; II-34%; III-39%; IV-12%). HC and MC groups were matched on education and premorbid intellect, but HC were younger than HF and MC groups. Comparisons among the 3 groups were made using ANCOVA adjusting for intellect, age, and education. Family members of all participants were interviewed separately to validate cognitive deficits. Results: No differences were found among HF, HC and MC participants in language or working memory. In verbal learning total recall, HF pts had poorer scores than HC and MC participants (p<.0001). In delayed recall, HF pts had poorer scores than MC participants (p=.0152). In psychomotor speed, HF pts had poorer scores than HC and MC participants (p<.0001) on 1 test and poorer scores than MC (p=.0177) on the 2 nd . In executive function (verbal fluency and mental flexibility), HF pts had poorer scores than MC participants (p = .0022; p = .0428). Family member reported more difficulty in memory among HF pts (p< .0001) than HC ((p< .0001) and more negative behavior changes than HC (p=.0025) and MC participants (p=.0291). Conclusions: This carefully characterized sample of HF pts had poorer cognitive function than HC and MC participants. Domains most affected were memory, psychomotor speed processing, and executive function. Studies are needed to 1) evaluate the trajectory of cognitive function across the trajectory of HF; and 2) test novel interventions to improve cognitive function in HF.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis on Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Antonio Reia ◽  
Martina Petruzzo ◽  
Fabrizia Falco ◽  
Teresa Costabile ◽  
Matteo Conenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Macrovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Input Variables

Background. Cardiovascular comorbidities have been associated with cognitive decline in the general population. Objectives. To evaluate the associations between cardiovascular risk and neuropsychological performances in MS. Methods. This is a retrospective study, including 69 MS patients. For all patients, we calculated the Framingham risk score, which provides the 10-year probability of developing macrovascular disease, using age, sex, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol levels as input variables. Cognitive function was examined with the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), including the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). Results. Each point increase of the Framingham risk score corresponded to 0.21 lower CVLT-II score. Looking at Framingham risk score components, male sex and higher total cholesterol levels corresponded to lower CVLT scores (Coeff = −8.54; 95%CI = −15.51, −1.57; and Coeff = −0.11; 95%CI = −0.20, −0.02, respectively). No associations were found between cardiovascular risk and SDMT or BVMT-R. Conclusions. In our exploratory analyses, cardiovascular risk was associated with verbal learning dysfunction in MS. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions on cardiovascular risk factors should be considered carefully in the management of MS, given the possible effects on cognitive function.

scholarly journals CTNI-51. NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION (NCF) OUTCOMES OF RTOG FOUNDATION 3508: A PHASE 3 TRIAL OF ABT-414 WITH CONCURRENT CHEMORADIATION AND ADJUVANT TEMOZOLOMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH EGFR-AMPLIFIED NEWLY DIAGNOSED GBM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii54-ii54
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Wefel ◽  
Minhee Won ◽  
Andrew Lassman ◽  
Yaakov Stern ◽  
Tony Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiation ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Total Recall ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Adjuvant Temozolomide ◽  
Over Time

Abstract RTOG 3508/AbbVie M13-813/INTELLANCE-1 was a phase 3 trial of depatuximab-mafodotin (depatux-m, formerly ABT-414) that accrued 639 patients with EGFR-amplified newly diagnosed GBM. At the pre-specified interim OS analysis, the futility criteria were met and there was no survival benefit from adding depatux-m to SOC. Pre-specified secondary NCF analyses included time to decline in verbal learning and memory as assessed by the HVLT-R Total Recall based on the reliable change index. Exploratory NCF analyses examined changes in other HVLT-R outcomes over time. As corneal epitheliopathy causing visual impairment is a known toxicity of depatux-m, NCF tests that did not depend on visual acuity were employed. NCF testing occurred at baseline, day 1 of the first cycle of adjuvant depatux-m, every other cycle (i.e., 8 weeks) thereafter, and at progression. Compliance with test completion was 95% at screening and 80%, 70%, 58%, 51%, 47% thereafter through cycle 9. The most common reasons for missing data was site error. Time to HVLT-R Total Recall decline trended worse in the depatux-m arm compared to placebo but the difference was not significant (12 month deterioration: 41.2%, 95% CI: 3.50–47.2 vs 32.4%, 95% CI: 26.6- 38.4, p=0.052). The depatux-m arm, in comparison to the placebo arm, showed greater decline from baseline on the HVLT-R at the following time points: cycle 3 (Total Recall: mean= -1.8, SD=5.7 vs mean= -0.5, SD=5.5, respectively, p=0.046; Delayed Recall: mean= -1.1, SD=3.0 vs. mean= -0.2, SD=2.7, respectively, p=0.01), cycle 7 (Total Recall: mean= -0.6, SD=5.1 vs mean= 1.4, SD=5.0, respectively, p=0.009; Delayed Recall: mean -0.6, SD=3.0 vs. mean= 0.5, SD=2.7, respectively, p=0.01), and cycle 9 (Delayed Recall: mean=-0.4, SD=2.7 vs. mean= 0.8, SD=2.4, respectively, p=0.003). Depatux-m added to concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant temozolomide was associated with faster time to deterioration and worse episodic learning and memory over time than placebo.

scholarly journals Is Injection Serosorting Occurring among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users? Comparison by Injection Partner’s HIV Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Mizuno ◽  
David W. Purcell ◽  
Lisa R. Metsch ◽  
Cynthia A. Gomez ◽  
Amy R. Knowlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status

scholarly journals Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chapman ◽  
Mark Mapstone ◽  
Margaret N. Gardner ◽  
Tiffany C. Sandoval ◽  
John W. McCrary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Immediate Recall

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

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