scholarly journals Song and Molecular Data Identify Congruent but Novel Affinities of the Green Oropendola (Psarocolius Viridis)

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
J. Jordan Price ◽  
Scott M. Lanyon
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Vocal Evolution ◽  
Avian Song

Abstract The accuracy with which avian song features indicate phylogenetic relationships has rarely been investigated. In a previous study of vocal evolution in oropendolas (Price and Lanyon 2002a), we estimated the phylogenetic position of the Green Oropendola (Psarocolius viridis) using characters derived from oropendolas' elaborate courtship songs. Here, we test that estimate using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The position of the Green Oropendola determined from molecular data is remarkably close to that based solely on song characters; both data sets support a close relationship between P. viridis and members of the genus Gymnostinops. Numerous morphological differences yet low genetic divergence among the species in question suggest that rapid diversification has occurred in the group. The fact that this position has not been proposed previously for P. viridis underscores the effectiveness of song characters for phylogenetic reconstruction.

Generic Delimitations and Relationships of the Cape Genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina, the North African Genera Krubera and Stoibrax, and a New Monotypic Genus of the Subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Magee ◽  
Ben-Erik van Wyk ◽  
Patricia M. Tilney ◽  
Stephen R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
North African ◽  
African Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of

Generic circumscriptions and phylogenetic relationships of the Cape genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina are explored through parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 intron sequences, morphology, and combined molecular and morphological data. The relationship of these genera with the North African genera Krubera and Stoibrax is also assessed. Analyses of both molecular data sets place Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, Sonderina, and the only southern African species of Stoibrax (S. capense) within the newly recognized Lefebvrea clade of tribe Tordylieae. Capnophyllum is strongly supported as monophyletic and is distantly related to Krubera. The monotypic genus Dasispermum and Stoibrax capense are embedded within a paraphyletic Sonderina. This complex is distantly related to the North African species of Stoibrax in tribe Apieae, in which the type species, Stoibrax dichotomum, occurs. Consequently, Dasispermum is expanded to include both Sonderina and Stoibrax capense. New combinations are formalized for Dasispermum capense, D. hispidum, D. humile, and D. tenue. An undescribed species from the Tanqua Karoo in South Africa is also closely related to Capnophyllum and the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex. The genus Scaraboides is described herein to accommodate the new species, S. manningii. This monotypic genus shares the dorsally compressed fruit and involute marginal wings with Capnophyllum, but is easily distinguished by its erect branching habit, green leaves, scabrous umbels, and fruit with indistinct median and lateral ribs, additional solitary vittae in each marginal wing, and parallel, closely spaced commissural vittae. Despite the marked fruit similarities with Capnophyllum, analyses of DNA sequence data place Scaraboides closer to the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex, with which it shares the erect habit, green (nonglaucous) leaves, and scabrous umbels.

A new pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp. (Cephalopoda: Idiosepiidae) from eastern Australia and elevation of the southern endemic ‘notoides’ clade to a new genus, Xipholeptos n. gen.

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4369 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
AMANDA L. REID ◽  
JAN M. STRUGNELL
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Australasian Region

A new species of pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp., is described from eastern Australia. It differs from I. notoides Berry, 1921 and I. pygmaeus Steenstrup, 1881 (also found in Australian waters) in a number of traits, including the number of club suckers, shape of the funnel-mantle locking apparatus and the modification of the male hectocotylus. Mitochondrial DNA markers (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) indicate that it is also distinct on a molecular level. The new Australian species is also recognised as the taxon from Stradbroke I., Queensland for which the entire mitochondrial genome has been sequenced (Hall et al. 2014). Idiosepius hallami n. sp. is compared with all nominal Idiosepius Steenstrup, 1881 and a current summary of Idiosepius systematics is provided as a basis for future studies. Based on our analyses, we propose the elevation of the ‘notoides’ clade to the new genus Xipholeptos n. gen., retaining Idiosepius as the genetic epithet for all other nominal idiosepiids. This is supported by: monophyly of the two lineages based on molecular data sets, the level of sequence divergence between these lineages, and morphological differences. The ‘notoides’ clade is endemic to southern Australia and its basal phylogenetic position suggests that the family may have originated in the Australasian region. Idiosepiids are found in seagrass beds and among mangroves—among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. 

scholarly journals A duplicate gene rooting of seed plants and the phylogenetic position of flowering plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1539) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mathews ◽  
Mark D. Clements ◽  
Mark A. Beilstein
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms

Flowering plants represent the most significant branch in the tree of land plants, with respect to the number of extant species, their impact on the shaping of modern ecosystems and their economic importance. However, unlike so many persistent phylogenetic problems that have yielded to insights from DNA sequence data, the mystery surrounding the origin of angiosperms has deepened with the advent and advance of molecular systematics. Strong statistical support for competing hypotheses and recent novel trees from molecular data suggest that the accuracy of current molecular trees requires further testing. Analyses of phytochrome amino acids using a duplicate gene-rooting approach yield trees that unite cycads and angiosperms in a clade that is sister to a clade in which Gingko and Cupressophyta are successive sister taxa to gnetophytes plus Pinaceae. Application of a cycads + angiosperms backbone constraint in analyses of a morphological dataset yields better resolved trees than do analyses in which extant gymnosperms are forced to be monophyletic. The results have implications both for our assessment of uncertainty in trees from sequence data and for our use of molecular constraints as a way to integrate insights from morphological and molecular evidence.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Position Of The Monogenean Malayanodiscoides Bihamuli Lim Et Furtado, 1986 Inferred From Sequence And Secondary Structure Of 28S Rdna

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Anshu Chaudhary ◽  
Hridaya Shanker Singh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Structure Data ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract The present study is a brief description of the morphology and molecular phylogeny of Malayanodiscoides bihamuli Lim and Furtado, 1986 infecting gill filaments of fish Notopterus chitala (Hamilton). The phylogenetic study was made of M. bihamuli and closely related taxa using DNA sequence data obtained from 28S rDNA region. Morphology as well as molecular phylogeny strongly supports the establishment of genus Malayanodiscoides and also demonstrates its close relationship with other genera of class Monogenea. In addition, the 28S secondary structure model was predicted and found to serve as a useful tool for reconstruction of optimal alignment and can be used as an additional source of data incorporating structural parameters of molecules for the study of phylogeny. Application of the secondary 28S structure data allows a more resolved and realistic picture of relationships. Results also demonstrate the phylogenetic utility of the 28S sequence secondary structure data for inferences at higher taxonomic levels.

scholarly journals Ecological Factors and Diversification among Neotropical Characiforms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cástor Guisande ◽  
Patricia Pelayo-Villamil ◽  
Manuel Vera ◽  
Ana Manjarrés-Hernández ◽  
Mónica R. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Large Item ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Niche Differences ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Morphological Differences

Morphological and DNA sequence data has been used to propose hypotheses of relationships within the Characiformes with minimal comparative discussion of causes underpinning the major intraordinal diversification patterns. We explore potential primary morphological factors controlling the early diversification process in some Neotropical characiforms as the first step to identifying factors contributing to the pronounced intraordinal morphological and species diversity. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on 16S rDNA (mitochondrial) and 18S rDNA (nuclear) genes provided the framework for the identification of the main morphological differences among the Acestrorhynchidae, Anostomidae, Characidae, Ctenoluciidae, Curimatidae, Cynodontidae, Gasteropelecidae, Prochilodontidae and Serrasalmidae. Results indicate an initial split into two major groupings: (i) species with long dorsal-fin bases relative to the size of other fins (Curimatidae, Prochilodontidae, Anostomidae, Serrasalmidae) which primarily inhabit lakes, swamps, and rivers (lineage I); and (ii) species with short dorsal-fin bases (Acestrorhynchidae, Gasteropelecidae, Characidae) which primarily inhabit creeks and streams (lineage II). The second diversification stage in lineage I involved substantial morphological diversification associated with trophic niche differences among the monophyletic families which range from detritivores to large item predators. Nonmonophyly of the Characidae complicated within lineage II analyzes but yielded groupings based on differences in pectoral and anal fin sizes correlated with life style differences.

scholarly journals A new species of penzigioid Xylaria (Xylariaceae) from the cloud forest in eastern Mexico revealed through morphological and phylogenetic analyses

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Santiago Chacón ◽  
Dolores González
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological Transformations

Xylaria subtropicalis, a species new to science, was collected from a montane cloud forest in eastern Mexico. It is described and illustrated, based on detailed macro- and microscopic morphological characteristics, habitat, and DNA sequence data. The distinctive morphological differences between X. subtropicalis and other Xylaria species include: the stromata being significantly erumpent, the size of the ascospores being 23–28 μm × 13–15 μm, and a straight germ slit as long as the spore. To determine whether this was a novel species, ITS sequences were generated and compared with 2478 sequences available for the genus from GenBank, using the software USEARCH. Additionally, a phylogenetic reconstruction was performed with Parsimony Ratchet, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Inference, using 122 concatenated ITS sequences, and segments from the 28S rDNA and RPB2. Sequences of this novel species form a strongly supported lineage, clearly separated from other species of Xylaria. Phylogenetic relationships indicate that there have been numerous morphological transformations within the genus.

Phylogenetic Position and Morphological Observation of the Ctenocladus circinnatus Borzi, a rare green alga from Changtang Plateau, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENWEN LIU ◽  
XUDONG LIU ◽  
ZHENGYU HU ◽  
HUAN ZHU ◽  
GUOXIANG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Close Relationship

Two microfilamentous green algal specimens from Tibet were identified as Ctenocladus circinnatus Borzi, due to their unique morphology and saline habitat. The phylogenetic evidence based on DNA sequence data from the nucleus (SSU) and chloroplast elongation factor TU (tufA) sequences clearly revealed that the genus Ctenocladus, which has been classified in the Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae) or Trebouxiophyceae incertae sedis by most phycologists, should be included in the Ulvales (Ulvophyceae) instead, and has a close relationship with the genera Pseudendoclonium and Phaeophila. We speculate that there may be undescribed or cryptic species especially in freshwater and other non-marine habitats. A phylogenetic re-evaluation based on large samples of microfilamentous ulvophycean algae especially freshwater specimens is needed.

A new species of Philophylla Rondani (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetini) from New Caledonia, recognized based on female postabdominal structure and molecular sequence data

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1759 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
HO-YEON HAN ◽  
ALLEN L. NORRBOM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
A New Species

Philophylla millei, n. sp., from New Caledonia is described and its relationship analyzed. This species was recorded previously as Anastrephoides sp. based on a single female, which closely resembles the eastern Palaearctic species Anastrephoides matsumurai Shiraki. Whether this similarity reflects the close relationship of these species or a case of convergent evolution was examined using morphology and molecular data. We examined both male and female specimens of the New Caledonian trypetine species and sequenced the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of this species and related trypetine species. This new species is a member of the genus Philophylla Rondani based both on the female postabdominal structure as well as DNA sequence data.

The phylogenetic position of species of Lecanora s. l. containing calycin and usnic acid, with the description of Lecanora solaris Yakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov.

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia S. YAKOVCHENKO ◽  
Evgeny A. DAVYDOV ◽  
Yoshihito OHMURA ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractPhylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS/5.8S and mtSSU DNA sequence data suggest a close relationship between two Lecanora species containing calycin and usnic acid and the Lecanora polytropa group. Lecanora solaris Yakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov. is described from the Altai Mountains in Russia. Its gross morphology resembles that of L. somervellii as both species have an effigurate, citrine-yellow thallus (due to the production of calycin). However, L. solaris is distinguished from L. somervellii by having a small, squamulose to marginally lobate umbilicate thallus and apothecia with a persistent margin, whereas L. somervellii has a large, distinctly placodioid thallus and an apothecial margin that is soon excluded.

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