scholarly journals Novel sources of (co)variation in nestling begging behavior and hunger at different biological levels of analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Wetzel ◽  
Ariane Mutzel ◽  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Niels J Dingemanse
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Nestling Begging ◽  
Cross Fostering

Abstract Biological hypotheses predicting patterns of offspring begging typically concern the covariance with hunger and/or development at specific hierarchical levels. For example, hunger drives within-individual patterns of begging, but begging also drives food intake among individuals within broods, and begging and food intake can covary positively or negatively among genotypes or broods. Testing biological phenomena that occur at multiple levels, therefore, requires the partitioning of covariance between traits of interest to ensure that each level-specific relationship is appropriately assessed. We performed a partial cross-fostering study on a wild population of great tits (Parus major), then used multivariate mixed models to partition variation and covariation in nestling begging effort and two metrics of nestling hunger within versus among individual nestlings and broods. At the within-individual level, we found that nestlings begged more intensely when hungrier (positive correlation between begging and hunger). However, among individuals, nestlings that were fed more frequently also begged more intensely on average (negative correlation between begging and hunger). Variation in nestling mass did not give rise to the negative correlation between begging and hunger among nestlings, but we did find that lighter nestlings begged more intensely than their heavier biological siblings, suggesting that this effect may be driven by a genetic component linked to offspring size. Our study illustrates how patterns of covariance can differ across biological levels of analysis and addresses biological mechanisms that could produce these previously obscured patterns.

The First Decade of the Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health: A Critical Review

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslea Peirson ◽  
Richard Walsh-Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Research Relationship ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The purpose of our study is to describe the major features of the articles published in the first decade of the Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health (CJCMH). We examined all 194 articles published in 1982 through 1991 with respect to seven dimensions: authors' gender, authors' affiliation, collaboration, article categories, levels of analysis, populations of interest, and the research relationship. Our findings suggest that: (a) CJCMH has provided increasingly more opportunities for female authors over the years; (b) authors have typically been affiliated with academic settings; (c) the majority of articles were written collaboratively; (d) a minority of articles pertain to empirical research; (e) most empirically based articles employed an individual level of analysis methodologically, while overall authors' interpretations primarily reflect multiple levels of analysis; (f) consumers/survivors represent the population most often investigated; and (g) CJCMH authors are not providing much useful information regarding the research relationship. We conclude that CJCMH authors, reviewers, and editors must continue to consider and incorporate the key values and concepts of community mental health when preparing and soliciting articles for publication.

scholarly journals High-risk environments for eating foods surplus to requirements: a multilevel analysis of adolescents’ non-core food intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi Toumpakari ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Anne M Haase ◽  
Laura Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
Core Energy

AbstractObjectiveInterventions to reduce adolescents’ non-core food intake (i.e. foods high in fat and sugar) could target specific people or specific environments, but the relative importance of environmental contexts v. individual characteristics is unknown.DesignCross-sectional.SettingData from 4d food diaries in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2012 were analysed. NDNS food items were classified as ‘non-core’ based on fat and sugar cut-off points per 100g of food. Linear multilevel models investigated associations between ‘where’ (home, school, etc.) and ‘with whom’ (parents, friends, etc.) eating contexts and non-core food energy (kcal) per eating occasion (EO), adjusting for variables at the EO (e.g. time of day) and adolescent level (e.g. gender).ParticipantsAdolescents (n 884) aged 11–18 years.ResultsOnly 11 % of variation in non-core energy intake was attributed to differences between adolescents. In adjusted models, non-core food intake was 151 % higher (ratio; 95 % CI) in EO at ‘Eateries’ (2·51; 2·14, 2·95) and 88 % higher at ‘School’ (1·88; 1·65, 2·13) compared with ‘Home’. EO with ‘Friends’ (1·16; CI 1·03, 1·31) and ‘Family & friends’ (1·21; 1·07, 1·37) contained 16–21 % more non-core food compared with eating ‘Alone’. At the individual level, total energy intake and BMI, but not social class, gender or age, were weakly associated with more non-core energy intake.ConclusionsRegardless of individual characteristics, adolescents’ non-core food consumption was higher outside the home, especially at eateries. Targeting specific eating contexts, not individuals, may contribute to more effective public health interventions.

scholarly journals Instantiating the multiple levels of analysis perspective in a program of study on externalizing behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Beauchaine ◽  
Lisa M. Gatzke-Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Multiple Levels

AbstractDuring the last quarter century, developmental psychopathology has become increasingly inclusive and now spans disciplines ranging from psychiatric genetics to primary prevention. As a result, developmental psychopathologists have extended traditional diathesis–stress and transactional models to include causal processes at and across all relevant levels of analysis. Such research is embodied in what is known as the multiple levels of analysis perspective. We describe how multiple levels of analysis research has informed our current thinking about antisocial and borderline personality development among trait impulsive and therefore vulnerable individuals. Our approach extends the multiple levels of analysis perspective beyond simple Biology × Environment interactions by evaluating impulsivity across physiological systems (genetic, autonomic, hormonal, neural), psychological constructs (social, affective, motivational), developmental epochs (preschool, middle childhood, adolescence, adulthood), sexes (male, female), and methods of inquiry (self-report, informant report, treatment outcome, cardiovascular, electrophysiological, neuroimaging). By conducting our research using any and all available methods across these levels of analysis, we have arrived at a developmental model of trait impulsivity that we believe confers a greater understanding of this highly heritable trait and captures at least some heterogeneity in key behavioral outcomes, including delinquency and suicide.

SIMULTANEOUS EXAMINATION OF THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EFFICACY BELIEFS AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS.

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 (1) ◽  
pp. A1-A6 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILAD CHEN ◽  
SHEILA SIMSARIAN WEBBER ◽  
PAUL D. BLIESE ◽  
JOHN E. MATHIEU ◽  
STEPHANIE C. PAYNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Genes, brain and emotions: Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Andrei C Miu ◽  
Judith R Homberg ◽  
Klaus-Peter Lesch
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Clinical And Translational Research

Recent research has started to uncover genetic influences on emotion and intermediate neural phenotypes. This work has involved an extensive array of methods and developed at the intersection of psychology, genetics, and neuroscience. The aim of this volume is to offer a comprehensive account of current research on the genetics of emotion, including methods focused on multiple levels of analysis; cognitive and biological mechanisms involved in the pathways between genes and emotional experience; and clinical and translational research on the genetics of emotion dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Quantifying Marginality Across the Globe: An Empirical Assessment of Vigil’s Multiple Marginality Model in Predicting Gang Involvement

2020 ◽  
pp. 105756772094857
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Johnson ◽  
Alyssa Mendlein
Keyword(s):  
Minority Youth ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Gang Involvement ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Using Data

Vigil’s multiple marginality (MM) model of gang formation has resulted in hypotheses about why minority youth join gangs, and how these processes play out at multiple levels of analysis and across contexts. However, with a few exceptions, this framework has rarely been tested quantitatively, and especially in countries outside of North America. The current study assesses the MM model using data from the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study and aggregate country-level data. Results from multilevel analyses reveal some support for the framework, in that at least one measure of each component of the MM model was found to be a significant predictor of gang membership. Controlling for individual and country variables, measures of street socialization exhibited the strongest effects on gang involvement. Yet not all proposed factors were significant predictors across all models. Longitudinal data are necessary to fully support the dynamics of the MM model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document