A Structural Perspective on the RNA Editing of Plant Respiratory Complexes

The last steps of respiration, a core energy-harvesting process, are carried out by a chain of multi-subunit complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several essential subunits of the respiratory complexes are RNA-edited in plants, frequently leading to changes in the encoded amino acids. While the impact of RNA editing is clear at the sequence and phenotypic levels, the underlying biochemical explanations for these effects have remained obscure. Here, we used the structures of plant respiratory complex I, complex III2 and complex IV to analyze the impact of the amino acid changes of RNA editing in terms of their location and biochemical features. Through specific examples, we demonstrate how the structural information can explain the phenotypes of RNA-editing mutants. This work shows how the structural perspective can bridge the gap between sequence and phenotype and provides a framework for the continued analysis of RNA-editing mutants in plant mitochondria and, by extension, in chloroplasts.

BANDHA (Inner Lock)-MUDRA (Hand Gesture): Essences of Optimizing Health

Background: Bandha and Mudras are found in ancient Indian literature to stimulate internal energy. The simplest know a few things approximately our subtle body, our soul. The act of bandhas stimulates the prana and chakras. Madra is a technique to stimulate the nervous system and glands to minimize the dysfunction of the mind and the mysterious powers of man; kundalini (the inner core energy) can rise to carry our consciousness to the cosmic sense. Purpose of the Study: To know our internal environment and the possible ways to control the internal vital energy. Through bandhas and practicing mudras one can able to get disease-free optimal health. The present article critically discussed the various aspects of bandhas and mudras and their benefit on human health and disease. Findings: Yogic practices help to better the functioning of the thyroid, pancreas, and comparable different important glandular systems to your body. Jalandhara bandha, for example, balances the thyroid gland and thereby benefitting digestion, increase, and weight management issues. Focusing and mental integration allows many hidden and unused cycles of the brain to reach our consciousness. Various psychological problems as for example, unconscious neurosis and complex repetitive actions lose their ability to affect our lives. Madras is a practical and simultaneous way to change your life. Conclusion: Traditionally, bandhas are classified as a part of the mudras, and are given orally from guru to student. Hatha Yoga Pradipika works with bandhas and mudras together. Bandha is heavily embedded in the mudra techniques and pranayama.

A review and analysis of control techniques in HVAC systems

Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are the core energy-absorbing equipment in buildings. Building HVAC system with effective control technique can greatly reduce energy consumption. The high demand for HVAC system Placing in buildings, using an effective control technique to decrease the energy absorbing of the equipment while meeting the thermal comfort demands in buildings are the most important goals of control designers. The different control methods for HVAC systems. This paper defines control techniques used in HVAC systems, MATLAB/simulation design and implementation of controller’s technique with the transfer function for the HVAC system. Keywords-HVAC, PID controller, MPC Controller, Adaptive Controller, Fuzzy Controller.

Comparative genomics reveals new functional insights in uncultured MAST species

Heterotrophic lineages of stramenopiles exhibit enormous diversity in morphology, lifestyle, and habitat. Among them, the marine stramenopiles (MASTs) represent numerous independent lineages that are only known from environmental sequences retrieved from marine samples. The core energy metabolism characterizing these unicellular eukaryotes is poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell genomics to retrieve, annotate, and compare the genomes of 15 MAST species, obtained by coassembling sequences from 140 individual cells sampled from the marine surface plankton. Functional annotations from their gene repertoires are compatible with all of them being phagocytotic. The unique presence of rhodopsin genes in MAST species, together with their widespread expression in oceanic waters, supports the idea that MASTs may be capable of using sunlight to thrive in the photic ocean. Additional subsets of genes used in phagocytosis, such as proton pumps for vacuole acidification and peptidases for prey digestion, did not reveal particular trends in MAST genomes as compared with nonphagocytotic stramenopiles, except a larger presence and diversity of V-PPase genes. Our analysis reflects the complexity of phagocytosis machinery in microbial eukaryotes, which contrasts with the well-defined set of genes for photosynthesis. These new genomic data provide the essential framework to study ecophysiology of uncultured species and to gain better understanding of the function of rhodopsins and related carotenoids in stramenopiles.

Laser-induced melting of two-dimensional dusty plasma system in RF discharge

We present a detailed analysis of experimental study, which shows clear evidence of a two-stage melting process of a quasi-two-dimensional dusty plasma system in a high-frequency gas discharge. We accurately calculated global parameters of the orientational and translational order, as well as their susceptibilities to determine two critical points, related to “solid-to-hexatic” and “hexatic-to-liquid” phase transitions. The nature of the emerging defects and changes in their mutual concentration, in addition to the estimate of core energy of free dislocations also counts in favor of the formation of an intermediate hexatic phase. These results are fully consistent with the Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory.

Simulation of energy impact of an energy recovery ventilator in Northern housing

The single core Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) used in this study is equipped with defrost control that recirculates the exhaust indoor air, while keeps the outdoor air intake damper closed. This defrost strategy has the disadvantage of reducing the outdoor air supplied to the house, which may affect the indoor air quality. First, this paper presents new correlation-based models of supply air temperature T2 after the energy recovery core during normal and defrost operation modes based on laboratory experimental data. A pre-heating coil heats the supply air from T2 to indoor air temperature. Second, a house in Montreal (4356 HDD) is simulated as a reference using TRNSYS program. Since the program cannot simulate the operation under defrost mode, the new models are connected in TRNSYS using equation boxes. The energy use of houses at three locations in northern Canada with HDD of 8798 (Inuvik), 8888 (Kuujjuaq) and 12208 (Resolute), are also simulated, without and with ERV unit. The seasonal energy used for heating the house and pre-heating the supply air is compared with results from Montreal. Compared to the case without heat recovery, the ERV unit leads to energy savings: 24% (Montreal), 26% (Inuvik), 27% (Kuujjuaq), and 27% (Resolute). Compared to the minimum standard requirements, the outdoor airflow rate due to defrost is reduced by 4.7% (223 hours) in Montreal, 19% (1043 hours) in Inuvik, 13% (701 hours) in Kuujjuaq, and 24% (1379 hours) in Resolute.

Character angle effects on dissociated dislocation core energy in aluminum

Dislocation core energy is an important property in materials mechanics but can only be obtained from atomistic simulations.

A New Core Level Utilization Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Multicore Systems

The energy consumption is becoming a constraint on all computer devices, from smartphones to supercomputers. Consequently, the focus has moved from performance to energy and power consumption. Design metrics are not only based solely on performance, as the energy performance of application executions is becoming the main aspect of architecture. Also, Design metrics depend on, the manufacturers of semiconductor chips which, have implemented multicore processors to boost the level of energy efficiency by using verified techniques for voltage and frequency scaling. To utilize the maximum potential of such architectures, we need to make the right decisions because parameters such as core type, frequency, and utilization typically affect power dissipation and performance. This paper proposes a new algorithm to achieve energy-efficient by monitoring core energy and level utilization control such as: Increasing the number of cores to execute the task, scaling voltage, and frequency. Based on the built model, we analyze the energy efficiency variations for different platform configurations providing the same level of performance. We show that trading the number and type of core with frequency and voltage level and core utilization rate can lead to substantial energy efficiency gains.

Magnetic Properties of Silicon Steel after Plastic Deformation

The energy efficiency of electric machines can be improved by optimizing their manufacturing process. During the manufacturing of ferromagnetic cores, silicon steel sheets are cut and stacked. This process introduces large stresses near cutting edges. The steel near cutting edges is in a plastically deformed stress state without external mechanical load. The magnetic properties of the steel in this stress state are investigated using a custom magnetomechanical measurement setup, stress strain measurements, electrical resistance measurements, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements. Analysis of the core energy losses is done by means of the loss separation technique. The silicon steel used in this paper is non-grain oriented (NGO) steel grade M270-35A. Three differently cut sets of M270-35A are investigated, which differ in the direction they are cut with respect to the rolling direction. The effect of sample deformation was measured—both before and after mechanical load release—on the magnetization curve and total core energy losses. It is known that the magnetic properties dramatically degrade with increasing sample deformation under mechanical load. In this paper, it was found that when the mechanical load is released, the magnetic properties degrade even further. Loss separation analysis has shown that the hysteresis loss is the main contributor to the additional core losses due to sample deformation. Releasing the mechanical load increased the hysteresis loss up to 270% at 10.4% pre-release strain. At this level of strain, the relative magnetic permeability decreased up to 45% after mechanical load release. Manufacturing processes that introduce plastic deformation are detrimental to the local magnetic material properties.