scholarly journals A meta-analysis of factors influencing the strength of mate-choice copying in animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice D Davies ◽  
Zenobia Lewis ◽  
Liam R Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Measure Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Mate Choice Copying ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Taxonomic Range ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Mate-choice copying is a form of social learning in which an individual’s choice of mate is influenced by the apparent choices of other individuals of the same sex and has been observed in more than 20 species across a broad taxonomic range. Though fitness benefits of copying have proven difficult to measure, theory suggests that copying should not be beneficial for all species or contexts. However, the factors influencing the evolution and expression of copying have proven difficult to resolve. We systematically searched the literature for studies of mate-choice copying in nonhuman animals and, then, performed a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis to explore which factors influence the expression of copying across species. Across 58 published studies in 23 species, we find strong evidence that animals copy the mate choice of others. The strength of copying was significantly influenced by taxonomic group; however, sample size limitations mean it is difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding copying in mammals and arthropods. The strength of copying was also influenced by experimental design: copying was stronger when choosers were tested before and after witnessing a conspecific’s mate choice compared to when choosers with social information were compared to choosers without. Importantly, we did not detect any difference in the strength of copying between males and females or in relation to the rate of multiple mating. Our search also highlights that more empirical work is needed to investigate copying in a broader range of species, especially those with differing mating systems and levels of reproductive investment.

scholarly journals Influencia del sexo y el resultado en el estado de ánimo de futbolistas iniciados (Influence of gender and result on the mood of initiated football players)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Rubén Arroyo Del Bosque ◽  
Óscar González Rodríguez ◽  
José Antonio Arruza Gabilondo
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The City ◽  
Critical Moments

Los objetivos de este estudio se centran en conocer, en primer lugar, el tipo de perfil de estado de ánimo que tienen los jugadores de fútbol base en el momento previo a competir, esperando replicar el “perfil iceberg” (Morgan, 1980 a, 1980 b; O´Connor, 2006; Díaz, Gutiérrez y Hoyos, 2015; Peñaolaza, Jaenes, Méndez-Sánchez, Jaenes-Amarillo; 2016; Borges, Ruíz-Barquuín y De la Vega, 2017); y en segundo lugar, comparar si existen diferencias significativas en el estado de ánimo, entendido como un constructo multidimensional, en función del sexo de los deportistas y en función del resultado obtenido tras la disputa del partido. En la investigación participaron 95 futbolistas (26 mujeres y 69 varones) pertenecientes a las categorías cadete, juvenil y senior de diferentes clubes de fútbol que compiten en los campeonatos ligueros de la ciudad de Vitoria Gasteiz. Los participantes completaron la versión abreviada A del POMS, de Fuentes, García- Merita y Balaguer (1995) antes y después del partido en una jornada de competición de liga. Los resultados de comparación de medias (U Mann-Whitney) permiten sostener la hipótesis de que los perfiles anímicos previos a la competición son similares en hombres y mujeres. Asimismo, los resultados de los análisis multivariables (MANCOVA) realizados tras la competición parecen indicar que el estado de ánimo fluctúa en función del resultado del partido. El presente estudio aporta ideas sobre qué factores influyen en el estado de ánimo de los y las jugadoras de categorías de formación. El conocimiento de los condicionantes del estado de ánimo puede ser útil de cara a que los entrenadores regulen los mensajes que elaboran y envían a sus jugadores en momentos críticos de los partidos y por ende de la temporada. Abstract. The goal of this research is focused on discovering, firstly, base football players' mood before competition, seeking to replicate the “Iceberg profile” (Morgan,1980 a, 1980b; O’Connor, 2006; Díaz, Gutiérrez y Hoyos, 2015; Peñaolaza, Jaenes, Méndez-Sánchez, Jaenes-Amarillo; 2016; Borges, Ruíz-Barquuín y De la Vega, 2017); secondly, on assessing whether there are significant differences in mood, understood as a multidimensional construct, depending on athletes' gender and on the final result of a match. The study involved 95 soccer players (26 female and 69 male) belonging to cadet, youth, and senior categories of different football clubs competing in leagues of the city of Vitoria Gasteiz. Participants completed the abbreviated version A of the POMS, by Fuentes, García-Merita and Balaguer (1995) before and after the match on a league match-day. The results from means comparison (U Mann-Whitney) allow to support the hypothesis that mood profiles prior to competition are similar in males and females. Likewise, the results from multivariable analyses (MANCOVA) carried out after competition seem to indicate that mood fluctuates depending on the outcome of the match. The present study provides ideas on which factors influence  mood of players in developmental categories. Knowing the factors influencing mood can be useful in order for coaches to regulate the messages they prepare and send to their players at critical moments of the matches and therefore of the season.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis shows that context-dependent mating behaviour is inconsistent or weak across animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam R. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sexual Signalling ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Density Population

AbstractAnimals often need to invest significantly in mating behaviour in order to successfully mate. However, the expression of mating behaviour can be costly, especially in unfavourable environments, so animals are expected to adjust their behaviour in a context-dependent way to mitigate these costs. I systematically searched the literature for studies measuring animal mating behaviour (sexual signalling, response to sexual signals, or the strength of mate choice) in more than one environment, and used a phylogenetically-controlled meta-analysis to identify environmental factors influencing these behaviours. Across 222 studies, the strength of mate choice was significantly context-dependent, and most influenced by population density, population sex ratio, and predation risk. However, the average effect sizes were typically small. The amount of sexual signalling and the strength of response to sexual signals were not significantly related to the environment. Overall, this suggests that the evidence for context-dependent mating behaviour across animals is surprisingly weak.

Mate Choice Copying in Humans: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Gouda-Vossos ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Barnaby J. W. Dixson ◽  
Robert C. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mate Choice Copying

scholarly journals The evolution of monogamy is associated with reversals from male to female bias in the survival cost of parasitism

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler N. Wittman ◽  
Robert M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Female Bias ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Balance Trade ◽  
Male To Female

The extent to which parasites reduce host survival should depend upon how hosts balance trade-offs between reproduction and survival. For example, parasites are predicted to impose greater survival costs under polygynous or promiscuous mating systems in which competition for mates favours increased reproductive investment, particularly in males. We provide, to our knowledge, the first comparative test of the hypothesis that the mating system of the host is an important determinant of (i) the extent to which parasites reduce survival, and (ii) the extent to which males and females differ in the survival cost of parasitism. Using meta-analysis of 85 published estimates of the survival cost of parasitism from 72 studies of 64 species representing diverse animal lineages, we show that parasites impose a mean 3.5-fold increase in the odds of mortality on their hosts. Although this survival cost does not differ significantly across monogamous, polygynous and promiscuous mating systems, females incur a greater survival cost than males in monogamous species, whereas males incur a greater survival cost than females in polygynous and promiscuous species. Our results support the idea that mating systems shape the relative extent to which males and females invest in reproduction at the expense of defence against parasites.

scholarly journals Why don't all animals avoid inbreeding?

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1956) ◽  
pp. 20211045
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Pike ◽  
Charlie K. Cornwallis ◽  
Ashleigh S. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Inbreeding Avoidance ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Males And Females

Individuals are expected to avoid mating with relatives as inbreeding can reduce offspring fitness, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. This has led to the widespread assumption that selection will favour individuals that avoid mating with relatives. However, the strength of inbreeding avoidance is variable across species and there are numerous cases where related mates are not avoided. Here we test if the frequency that related males and females encounter each other explains variation in inbreeding avoidance using phylogenetic meta-analysis of 41 different species from six classes across the animal kingdom. In species reported to mate randomly with respect to relatedness, individuals were either unlikely to encounter relatives, or inbreeding had negligible effects on offspring fitness. Mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding, including active mate choice, post-copulatory processes and sex-biased dispersal, were only found in species with inbreeding depression. These results help explain why some species seem to care more about inbreeding than others: inbreeding avoidance through mate choice only evolves when there is both a risk of inbreeding depression and related sexual partners frequently encounter each other.

Temporal Discounting Across Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Leigh Seaman ◽  
Sade J Abiodun ◽  
Zöe Fenn ◽  
Gregory Russell Samanez-Larkin ◽  
Rui Mata
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Total N ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences ◽  
Choice Tasks

A number of developmental theories have been proposed that make differential predictions about the links between age and temporal discounting; that is, the valuation of rewards at different points in time. Most empirical studies examining adult age differences in temporal discounting have relied on economic intertemporal choice tasks, which pit choosing a smaller, sooner monetary reward against choosing a larger, later one. Although initial studies using these tasks suggested older adults discount less than younger adults, follow-up studies provided heterogeneous, and thus inconclusive, results. Using an open science approach, we test the replicability of adult age differences in temporal discounting by conducting a preregistered systematic literature search and meta-analysis of adult age differences in intertemporal choice tasks. Across 37 cross-sectional studies (Total N = 104,736), we found no reliable relation between age and temporal discounting (r = -0.081, 95% CI [-0.185, 0.025]). We also found little evidence of publication bias or p-hacking. Exploratory analyses of moderators found no effect of experimental design (e.g., extreme-group vs. continuous age), incentives (hypothetical vs. rewards), amount of delay (e.g., days, weeks, months, or years), or quantification of discounting behavior (e.g., proportion of immediate choices vs. parameters from computational modeling). Additional analyses of 12 participant-level data sets found little support for a nonlinear relation between age and temporal discounting across adulthood. Overall, the results suggest that adult age is not reliably associated with individual differences in temporal discounting. We provide recommendations for future empirical work on temporal discounting across the adult life span.

Are males in a relationship flirted with more? Testing for mate choice copying in humans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels van de Ven ◽  
Monique Maria Henriettte Pollmann ◽  
Rob Nelissen ◽  
Nadiya Sayenko
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mate Choice Copying ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Absolute Measure ◽  
Cast Doubt

Ample anecdotal and some scientific evidence suggests that men who enter a relationship feel that they are flirted with more frequently than before they had a partner. This phenomenon has been interpreted as a form of mate choice copying; the idea that females prefer males that are in a relationship with another female. In two samples (N = 271 and N = 396) we replicate that people indicate that flirting increased after entering a relationship. However, on a more absolute measure (how often people feel they are flirted with), we did not find that those in a relationship felt to be flirted with more than those without one. Our findings cast doubt on the interpretation that ours (and similar) findings are support for mate choice copying, and we argue that alternative explanations should be considered.

Mate-Choice Copying as Bayesian Decision Making

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Uehara ◽  
Yokomizo ◽  
Iwasa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Mate Choice Copying ◽  
Bayesian Decision Making
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document