scholarly journals Equipment for Vector Control, Guide to Major Items--Specifications--Use Descriptions--Field Tests. Geneva, World Health Organization

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
D. E. Weidhaas
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Factors Influencing Field Testing of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Raphaële Girard ◽  
Emmanuelle Carre ◽  
Valérie Mermet ◽  
Crespin C. Adjide ◽  
Sylviane Blaise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Period ◽  
World Health ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Test Product ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Tolerance Criteria

BACKGROUNDAccording to the World Health Organization guidelines, field tests, in the context of a bid for the supply of alcohol-based hand rubs, should take into account climatic region, test period, products already in use, and type of use (hygienic or surgical) when assessing tolerance. This laborious method is often contested.OBJECTIVETo conduct a post hoc analysis of the data of a large bid, including 5 factors, to validate the relevance of their inclusion.METHODSFor the purposes of the bid, products were compared in terms of the 4 World Health Organization tolerance criteria (appearance, intactness, moisture content, sensation) during product testing and were separated into groups on the basis of the studied factors. The post hoc analysis method included (1) comparison of the mean before-and-after difference based on the self-evaluation of the skin with the 4 World Health Organization tolerance criteria, between climatic regions, periods, products in use, test product, and the type of use; (2) generalized linear models, taking into account all studied factors.RESULTSThe analysis included data for 1,925 pairs of professionals. The means of the differences observed were independently and significantly associated with the test period (P<.001), the hygienic or surgical use (P=.010 to .041, not significant for appearance), the product already in use (significant for appearance P=.021), and the test product (P<.001). The association with climatic region was found to be significant only in the nonadjusted analysis.CONCLUSIONThe type of use, the test period, and the product in use should be taken into account when designing field tests of alcohol-based hand rubs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–9

scholarly journals The World Health Organization 2030 goals for onchocerciasis: Insights and perspectives from mathematical modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has embarked on a consultation process to refine the 2030 goals for priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), onchocerciasis among them. Current goals include elimination of transmission (EOT) by 2020 in Latin America, Yemen and selected African countries. The new goals propose that, by 2030, EOT be verified in 10 countries; mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin be stopped in at least one focus in 34 countries; and that the proportion of the population no longer in need of MDA be equal or greater than 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in at least 16, 14, 12, and 10 countries, respectively. The NTD Modelling Consortium onchocerciasis teams have used EPIONCHO and ONCHOSIM to provide modelling insights into these goals. EOT appears feasible in low-moderate endemic areas with long-term MDA at high coverage (≥75%), but uncertain in areas of higher endemicity, poor coverage and adherence, and where MDA has not yet, or only recently, started. Countries will have different proportions of their endemic areas classified according to these categories, and this distribution of pre-intervention prevalence and MDA duration and programmatic success will determine the feasibility of achieving the proposed MDA cessation goals. Highly endemic areas would benefit from switching to biannual or quarterly MDA and implementing vector control where possible (determining optimal frequency and duration of anti-vectorial interventions requires more research). Areas without loiasis that have not yet initiated MDA should implement biannual (preferably with moxidectin) or quarterly MDA from the start. Areas with loiasis not previously treated would benefit from implementing test-and(not)-treat-based interventions, vector control, and anti-Wolbachia therapies, but their success will depend on the levels of screening and coverage achieved and sustained. The diagnostic performance of IgG4 Ov16 serology for assessing EOT is currently uncertain. Verification of EOT requires novel diagnostics at the individual- and population-levels.

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