Principles of Field Crop Production with Reduced Tillage Systems

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
W. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Tillage Systems

Atrazine Carryover in Soil in a Reduced Tillage Crop Production System

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
G. A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
A Minor

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-isopropylamino)-s-triazine] carryover under reduced or no-till row crop production systems was measured by planting oats (Avena sativaL.) the following year as a field bioassay during 1970 through 1976 at Lincoln and North Platte, Nebraska. Oat yields indicate that soil persistence of normal-use rates of atrazine into the subsequent year is only a minor residue problem under reduced tillage cropping systems. Atrazine carryover in soil was less of a problem under these reduced tillage systems as compared with prior experiments with conventional tillage systems across Nebraska.

scholarly journals Effects of tillage systems on physical properties of a cohesive yellow argisol in the northern state of Espírito Santo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372-1382
Author(s):  
Valmir José Zuffo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
Robson Bonomo ◽  
Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽  
Ademar Celin Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Tillage systems are a key element of the technology of crop production, both with a view to crop yield and from the perspective of soil conservation and sustainability of the production system. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of five tillage systems on the physical properties of a cohesive Yellow Argisol. The experiment was installed in the field on January 21, 2011 and lasted 260 days, in an area previously used as pasture with Brachiaria grass without liming or fertilization, but irrigated by a low pressure spray system. The treatments, in five replications and in a randomized block design, consisted of: 1) disk plow (twice) + disk harrow + ridge-furrow tillage (raising a ridge along the planting row), 135 days after transplanting (DP + RID); 2) disk plow (twice) + disk harrow (DP no RID); 3) subsoiler (SB); 4) disk plow (twice) + disk harrow + scarification with three shanks along the plant row (DP + SPR); and 5) disk plow (twice) + disk harrow + scarification with three shanks in the total area (DP + STA). In all tillage systems, furrows were mechanically opened for the papaya plants. After the treatments, the mechanical resistance to penetration was determined, followed by soil moisture, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), bulk density (BD), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), and number of fruits per plant. There were differences in penetration resistance (PR) between treatments. The subsoiler was more effective to decrease RP to a distance of 0.35 m from the plants, perpendicular to the plant row. The scarifier resulted in a lower PR than DP or SB, even at the depth of 0.40 m, and it was more effective at greater distances perpendicular to the plant. All tillage systems induced a PR between 2.0 and 3.0 MPa at the depth with the highest concentration of papaya tree roots (0-0.25 m), improving the physical conditions to this depth. There was no statistical difference among the treatments for BD, Ma, Mi, MWD, and GMD at a depth of 0.20 m. The disk plow changed the physical properties of the soil most intensely to a depth of 0.20 m. The use of scarification, reduced tillage with a forest subsoiler, or ridge-furrow tillage did not improve the physical properties in the rhizosphere. Reduced tillage with a forest subsoiler resulted in a lower number of fruits per plant than all other treatments, which did not differ from each other.

The effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on soil chemical properties of a Black Chernozemic soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
G. P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
C And N

The effects of zero (ZT), minimum (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems and three 4-yr crop rotations on soil total C and N, mineralizable N, NO3-N, P, K and SO4-S accumulation and distribution in the soil profile were determined after one 4-yr cycle of crop production on Black Chernozemic Indian Head heavy clay soil. The distributions of available P and K in the profile were not affected by tillage or rotation. Total C and N in the 0–5 cm depth was higher in the reduced tillage systems than in CT, but differences in the 5–10 cm and 10–15 cm depths were not significant. Nitrate concentration was higher in the 15–30 cm and 30–60 cm depths under CT than under reduced tillage. Inclusion of fallow increased accumulation of NO3-N in the deeper soil depths, while inclusion of winter wheat in the rotation reduced deep movement of NO3-N. Nitrate-nitrogen accumulation after field pea production was comparable to that after winter wheat, but a greater proportion of the NO3-N was present near the soil surface after winter wheat, reducing the potential for leaching below the rooting zone. Potential for movement of NO3-N below the rooting zone may be increased by fallow and decreased by production of winter wheat and by reduced tillage systems. Key words: Tillage, rotations, nitrate, sulphate

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

scholarly journals Impact of crop residue management on crop production and soil chemistry after seven years of crop rotation in temperate climate, loamy soils

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Hiel ◽  
Sophie Barbieux ◽  
Jérôme Pierreux ◽  
Claire Olivier ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
The Impact

Society is increasingly demanding a more sustainable management of agro-ecosystems in a context of climate change and an ever growing global population. The fate of crop residues is one of the important management aspects under debate, since it represents an unneglectable quantity of organic matter which can be kept in or removed from the agro-ecosystem. The topic of residue management is not new, but the need for global conclusion on the impact of crop residue management on the agro-ecosystem linked to local pedo-climatic conditions has become apparent with an increasing amount of studies showing a diversity of conclusions. This study specifically focusses on temperate climate and loamy soil using a seven-year data set. Between 2008 and 2016, we compared four contrasting residue management strategies differing in the amount of crop residues returned to the soil (incorporation vs. exportation of residues) and in the type of tillage (reduced tillage (10 cm depth) vs. conventional tillage (ploughing at 25 cm depth)) in a field experiment. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production (three crops—winter wheat, faba bean and maize—cultivated over six cropping seasons), soil organic carbon content, nitrate (${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil content and uptake by the crops. The main differences came primarily from the tillage practice and less from the restitution or removal of residues. All years and crops combined, conventional tillage resulted in a yield advantage of 3.4% as compared to reduced tillage, which can be partly explained by a lower germination rate observed under reduced tillage, especially during drier years. On average, only small differences were observed for total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil, but reduced tillage resulted in a very clear stratification of TOC and also of P and K content as compared to conventional tillage. We observed no effect of residue management on the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ content, since the effect of fertilization dominated the effect of residue management. To confirm the results and enhance early tendencies, we believe that the experiment should be followed up in the future to observe whether more consistent changes in the whole agro-ecosystem functioning are present on the long term when managing residues with contrasted strategies.

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