scholarly journals Gonad development and reproductive hormones of invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Illinois River

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-659
Author(s):  
Emily K Tucker ◽  
Megan E Zurliene ◽  
Cory D Suski ◽  
Romana A Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Spawning Period

Abstract Reproduction is a major component of an animal’s life history strategy. Species with plasticity in their reproductive biology are likely to be successful as an invasive species, as they can adapt their reproductive effort during various phases of a biological invasion. Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), an invasive cyprinid in North America, display wide variation in reproductive strategies across both their native and introduced ranges, though the specifics of silver carp reproduction in the Illinois River have not been established. We assessed reproductive status using histological and endocrinological methods in silver carp between April and October 2018, with additional histological data from August to October 2017. Here, we show that female silver carp are batch spawners with asynchronous, indeterminate oocyte recruitment, while male silver carp utilize a determinate pattern of spermatogenesis which ceases in the early summer. High plasma testosterone levels in females could be responsible for regulating oocyte development. Our results suggest that silver carp have high spawning activity in the early summer (May–June), but outside of the peak spawning period, female silver carp can maintain spawning-capable status by adjusting rates of gametogenesis and atresia in response to environmental conditions, while males regress their gonads as early as July. The results of this study are compared to reports of silver carp reproduction in other North American rivers as well as in Asia.

scholarly journals Hydrology controls recruitment of two invasive cyprinids: bigheaded carp reproduction in a navigable large river

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer ◽  
Levi E. Solomon ◽  
Richard M. Pendleton ◽  
John H. Chick ◽  
Andrew F. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Large River ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causative Factors

In the Mississippi River Basin of North America, invasive bigheaded carp (silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrixand bighead carpH. nobilis, also referred to as Asian carp) have spread rapidly over the past several decades. In the Illinois River, an important tributary of the Upper Mississippi River, reproduction appears to be sporadic and frequently unsuccessful, yet bigheaded carp densities in this river are among the highest recorded on the continent. Understanding the causative factors behind erratic recruitment in this commercially-harvested invasive species is important for both limiting their spread and managing their harvest. We analyzed weekly catch records from 15 years of a standardized monitoring program to document the emergence of age-0 bigheaded carp in relation to environmental conditions. The appearance of age-0 fish was generally linked to hydrographic attributes, which probably serve as a cue for spawning. However, we found profound differences in the number of age-0 fish among years, which varied by as much as five orders of magnitude in successive years. The strong link between summer flooding and age-0 fish production we observed emphasizes the importance of understanding the hydrologic context in which sustained invasions occur. Despite evidence of sporadic recruitment, bigheaded carp populations in the Illinois River appear to be consistent or increasing because of particularly strong, episodic year classes.

scholarly journals Elevated Temperatures Shorten the Spawning Period of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in a Large Subtropical River in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Xia ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
Jiping Yang ◽  
Shuli Zhu ◽  
Zhi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
The Pearl River

Global warming is influencing the life history traits of fishes globally. However, the impacts of elevated temperature on fish reproduction are diverse in different regions. Previous studies have revealed that the spawning timing of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Pearl River, in China, has changed over the past decade. However, few studies have explored the potential reasons, which are critical for determining fishing-moratorium periods and developing sustainable fisheries. The current study used discharge suitability index (DSI), temperature suitability index (TSI), correlation and time-series analyses to determine (i) the optimal discharge and temperature for silver carp spawning; (ii) relationships among the thermal regime, hydrological parameters, and spawning timing based on an 11-year time-series dataset. Our results indicated that the most suitable discharge and temperature for silver carp spawning were 13,000–15,000 m3/s and 25–26°C, respectively. The start date of spawning fluctuated with a slight tendency to delay, while the spawning peak and end date obviously occurred earlier during the study period. Correlation analyses suggested that the increasing average temperature between January and March likely caused the initial spawning delay. Moreover, elevated temperatures in August and September probably promoted the anticipated end of silver carp spawning. However, increases in discharge did not significantly correlate with the start of spawning but were significantly and positively correlated with the spawning peak. These results indicated that elevated temperatures shorten the spawning period of silver carp in the Pearl River. Moreover, the initial spawning of silver carp seems to be triggered by temperature rather than changes in discharge; flow pulses can probably create more suitable spawning niches for H. molitrix. This study enhances our understanding of the effect of warming on fish reproduction in subtropical regions.

scholarly journals Fish distribution, abundance, and behavioral interactions within a large electric dispersal barrier designed to prevent Asian carp movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Parker ◽  
David C. Glover ◽  
Samuel T. Finney ◽  
P. Bradley Rogers ◽  
Jeffrey G. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Electric Barrier

We evaluated the abundance and behavior of wild fish within the electric barrier system in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. This electric barrier system serves to prevent the upstream migration of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to Lake Michigan from the Illinois River. We found that fish were most abundant below the electric barrier during the summer and fall, were observed near areas of peak voltage, and sometimes persistently challenged the barrier. Fish were relatively scarce within the barrier system during the winter and spring. Fish that were able to penetrate the farthest into the barrier system were smaller and tended to aggregate at the water surface, near the canal walls. The accumulation of fish that we observed below the barrier, and the persistent challenging behavior, raises concerns about breaches any time the barrier is de-energized for maintenance or during intermittent power outages. Entrainment and breach caused by barges traversing the barrier are concerns as well because of the water movements they create and how they alter the electrical field.

A mark-recapture population estimate for invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the La Grange Reach, Illinois River

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg G. Sass ◽  
Thad R. Cook ◽  
Kevin S. Irons ◽  
Michael A. McClelland ◽  
Nerissa N. Michaels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Mark Recapture

Temporal and seasonal relationships between LH, testosterone and antlers in fawn and adult male roe deer

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sempéré ◽  
A. Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
August 15Th

Abstract. Plasma LH and testosterone patterns, testis and antler growth and rutting period were determined in the roe deer from birth to 4 years of age. In adults, a typical annual cycle was observed for these endocrine growth and behaviour events. The greatest testosterone levels (9.65 ng/ml) and testis size (13.13 cm3) were recorded for an average period of one month, from July 15th to August 15th, and coincided with the rutting period. At this time antler size was maximal (from 12.70 to 21.35 cm according to age). Plasma testosterone levels and testis size decreased rapidly from September until December (0.23 ng/ml and 3.48 cm3, respectively) and casting occurred at the same time as the decrease of testosterone. It was concluded that testosterone release is an important factor which is correlated with testis growth, antler maintenance and rutting behaviour. Plasma LH levels showed large fluctuations throughout the year and an annual cycle was demonstrated. The lowest plasma LH concentrations were recorded in December (1.36 ng/ml) while higher values were recorded in February (3.25 ng/ml). This suggests that an increase of pituitary gonadotrophic activity appears in spring and is responsible for the testicular reactivation. In the roe deer as in other seasonally breeding species it may be inferred that gonadotrophic activity is controlled by daylength. The present findings show that sexual activity is initiated by increasing daylength and that the roe buck is the only cervidae whose breeding period is early summer. In fawns, a low plasma testosterone level (1.27 ng/ml), a small testis size (2.96 cm3) and antler growth ('buttons') were observed a few months after birth in autumn and high plasma LH levels (4.08 ng/ml) were recorded before this, as early as the first month of age. It is suggested that interrelationships between LH, testosterone, testis and antler growth begin to appear at this time and that the precocious LH release induces the first pubertal testicular activity. This first increase of gonadotrophic activity which appears in summer can not be related to the photoperiod as in adults and would be under central endogenous control for the onset of the pubertal maturation process. From this pubertal state (3 months of age) to the following testicular initiation where potential sexual maturity is probably reached (7-9 months of age), complex temporal interrelationships occur between daylength, gonadotrophic and testicular factors.

Impact of Feeding Activity of Silver Carp on Plankton Removal from a High-Rate Pond Effluent

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Berday ◽  
Driss Zaoui ◽  
Abdeljaouad Lamrini ◽  
Mustapha Abi
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Plankton Communities

Abstract The effect of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) feeding activity on the plankton communities in a high-rate pond technology system (HRPTS) effluent was investigated over a period of 100 days. The experiment was conducted at the experimental wastewater treatment plant of the Agronomic and Veterinary Medicine Institute (AVI) of Rabat, Morocco, using a HRPTS in a fish pond receiving the plant effluent. The effluent was highly dominated by phytoplankton (99.95%). Silver carp could survive and grow in the fish pond. Production was 37 kg with a very low mortality rate (12%). The high specific intestine weight (7%) and intake rates of biomass and phytoplankton by silver carp (616 g kg-1 of fish day-1 and 1.6 x 1011 cell kg-1 of fish day-1, respectively) demonstrated the importance of the feeding activity of the fish. Zooplankton intake rates were lower (2 x 107 bodies kg-1 of fish day-1). The high intestine index (3 to 4.3 for fish sizes of 14 to 22 cm) and the dominance of phytoplankton in the gut contents (99.95%) confirmed an omnivorous/ phytoplanctivorous diet. Silver carp were efficient in removing plankton from the HRPTS effluent. The net removal yields of biomass were 285 g m-3 day-1 and 322 g kg-1 of fish day-1, 7 x 1010 algal cells kg-1 of fish day-1 and 8.7 x 107 zooplankton bodies kg-1 of fish day-1, with net removal rates of 47, 64 and 62%, respectively. The total suspended solids concentration decreased from 211 in the inflow to 112 mg L-1 in the fish pond.

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