scholarly journals Fish distribution, abundance, and behavioral interactions within a large electric dispersal barrier designed to prevent Asian carp movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Parker ◽  
David C. Glover ◽  
Samuel T. Finney ◽  
P. Bradley Rogers ◽  
Jeffrey G. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Electric Barrier

We evaluated the abundance and behavior of wild fish within the electric barrier system in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. This electric barrier system serves to prevent the upstream migration of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to Lake Michigan from the Illinois River. We found that fish were most abundant below the electric barrier during the summer and fall, were observed near areas of peak voltage, and sometimes persistently challenged the barrier. Fish were relatively scarce within the barrier system during the winter and spring. Fish that were able to penetrate the farthest into the barrier system were smaller and tended to aggregate at the water surface, near the canal walls. The accumulation of fish that we observed below the barrier, and the persistent challenging behavior, raises concerns about breaches any time the barrier is de-energized for maintenance or during intermittent power outages. Entrainment and breach caused by barges traversing the barrier are concerns as well because of the water movements they create and how they alter the electrical field.

scholarly journals Hydrology controls recruitment of two invasive cyprinids: bigheaded carp reproduction in a navigable large river

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer ◽  
Levi E. Solomon ◽  
Richard M. Pendleton ◽  
John H. Chick ◽  
Andrew F. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Large River ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causative Factors

In the Mississippi River Basin of North America, invasive bigheaded carp (silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrixand bighead carpH. nobilis, also referred to as Asian carp) have spread rapidly over the past several decades. In the Illinois River, an important tributary of the Upper Mississippi River, reproduction appears to be sporadic and frequently unsuccessful, yet bigheaded carp densities in this river are among the highest recorded on the continent. Understanding the causative factors behind erratic recruitment in this commercially-harvested invasive species is important for both limiting their spread and managing their harvest. We analyzed weekly catch records from 15 years of a standardized monitoring program to document the emergence of age-0 bigheaded carp in relation to environmental conditions. The appearance of age-0 fish was generally linked to hydrographic attributes, which probably serve as a cue for spawning. However, we found profound differences in the number of age-0 fish among years, which varied by as much as five orders of magnitude in successive years. The strong link between summer flooding and age-0 fish production we observed emphasizes the importance of understanding the hydrologic context in which sustained invasions occur. Despite evidence of sporadic recruitment, bigheaded carp populations in the Illinois River appear to be consistent or increasing because of particularly strong, episodic year classes.

Locomotion of juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) near the separation zone at the channel confluence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Saiyu Yuan ◽  
Yuchen Zheng ◽  
Yihong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Separation Zone ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Flow Vorticity ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Tail Beat ◽  
Channel Confluence

<p>Knowledge of locomotion of fish with significant rheotaxis at river confluences is critical for prediction of fish distribution at a river network. Recently, less silver carps observed in the Poyang Lake should be related to the hydrodynamic change at the confluence of the lake outlet and the Yangtze River. The operation of the Three Gorges Dam has largely changed the hydrodynamics at this confluence. Silver carp is one of the four major Chinese carps, and has significant rheotaxis. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to figure out the behavioral responses of juvenile silver carps to hydrodynamics near the separation zone at the channel confluence. The separation zone at a river confluence is one of the main zones for carp habitat and feeding. The locomotion and trajectory of juvenile silver carps were recorded through infrared thermal imaging at the confluence flume. Flow velocity field near the separation zone was measured by a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. A total of 40 juvenile silver carps were released from the separation zone and swam to the upstream, among which 24 carps swam to the tributary and the other to the main channel. Almost all 24 carps moved along the beginning of the boundary of the separation zone near the corner where the flow shear was strong. It seems that instead of avoiding places with great vorticity, they preferentially chose the trajectory where the flow vorticity was large continuously. They increased the tail-beat frequency and decreased the tail-beat amplitude to maintain body stability when they encountered the flow with large vorticity. These results are beneficial for the regulation of upstream dams to adjust the hydrodynamics at the confluence and improve local ecology.</p>

Modern features of aquaculture of cyprinids in the republic of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Damelya Kazhigalievna Magzanova
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Fish Farms

It is shown that the leading role in the aquaculture of Iraq belongs to Cyprinids, which account for over 80 % of all fish farming production. The most widespread in the country are four main world species of carp aquaculture: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Basically, the traditional technology of growing Cyprinids in ponds is used, which includes the main fish farming processes: care of broodstock to prepare them for spawning, collecting eggs and milt, eggs fertilization and incubation of embryos, raising juveniles and marketable fish. Currently, there are about 2 thousand private fish farms, which have ponds of various sizes from 4 to 100 hectares. Cultivation of Cyprinids in Iraq is carried out mainly by extensive methods: the use of the natural food base of reservoirs with low fish stocking density in polyculture. The fish productivity of ponds varies greatly in different fish farms from 1,5 to 6 t/ha, which is due to economic reasons. The data on changes in the temperature of pond water during the year and hydrochemical indicators are given, which shows favorable conditions for Cyprinids rearing. Information on the use of compound feeds for growing carp in ponds is provided, and data on the composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The fish culture indicators for the main biotechnical processes of the rearing of four Cyprinid species in Iraq are described in detail. In the conclusion, it is indicated that for the effective development of aquaculture in Iraq, government support is needed in the form of a developed long-term program and legislative acts.

scholarly journals Gonad development and reproductive hormones of invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Illinois River

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-659
Author(s):  
Emily K Tucker ◽  
Megan E Zurliene ◽  
Cory D Suski ◽  
Romana A Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Spawning Period

Abstract Reproduction is a major component of an animal’s life history strategy. Species with plasticity in their reproductive biology are likely to be successful as an invasive species, as they can adapt their reproductive effort during various phases of a biological invasion. Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), an invasive cyprinid in North America, display wide variation in reproductive strategies across both their native and introduced ranges, though the specifics of silver carp reproduction in the Illinois River have not been established. We assessed reproductive status using histological and endocrinological methods in silver carp between April and October 2018, with additional histological data from August to October 2017. Here, we show that female silver carp are batch spawners with asynchronous, indeterminate oocyte recruitment, while male silver carp utilize a determinate pattern of spermatogenesis which ceases in the early summer. High plasma testosterone levels in females could be responsible for regulating oocyte development. Our results suggest that silver carp have high spawning activity in the early summer (May–June), but outside of the peak spawning period, female silver carp can maintain spawning-capable status by adjusting rates of gametogenesis and atresia in response to environmental conditions, while males regress their gonads as early as July. The results of this study are compared to reports of silver carp reproduction in other North American rivers as well as in Asia.

scholarly journals Status of Chinese Carp Fisheries in Tunisian Freshwater Reservoirs: Threats and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-953
Author(s):  
Sami Mili ◽  
Rim Ennouri ◽  
Manel Fatnassi ◽  
Tahani Chargui ◽  
Hajer Zarrouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical Centre

The current paper aims to diagnose the state of fisheries of three Chinese carp species whish have been introduced in Tunisian reservoirs since 1981: (silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, herbivorous carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis) and seeks to study the benefits and risks associated with their introduction. Chinese carps cannot reproduce naturally in freshwater reservoirs. Eventually, artificial breeding operations and seeding of the dams with farm-produced fry are carried out by the Technical Centre of Aquaculture every year. Statistical analyses have shown a strong correlation between the landed quantity and the number of fries stocked each year. The impact assessment showed that the risks and benefits associated with the introduction of the three species are variable. Regarding their benefits, it was clear that the herbivorous carp has provided effective and sustainable control of the extensive development of aquatic vegetation in the eutrophic reservoirs and canal systems. The value of the other two species, though, remains less obvious, particularly for the bighead carp. The consequences of their introduction on ecosystems and native species seem to be negligible, especially when the densities are low. Eventually, it seems judicious to increase the stocking of the herbivorous carp, silver carp and bighead carp in Tunisian reservoirs.

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Asian Carps

<em>Abstract</em>.—In the 1970s, commercial fishers reported sightings of grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella </em>in large rivers and associated backwaters of Louisiana; the first specimen in Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries’ fishery independent sampling was recorded in 1976. Beginning in the early 1980s, commercial fishers noted increasing populations of bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis </em>and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>(together, the bigheaded carps). Populations of bigheaded carps appear to be increasing at a much slower rate than in the Midwest¸ possibly due to limited suitability of and access to backwater habitat for juvenile fish. In 2002, harvester reports of sporadic captures of “different-looking” grass carp indicated the possible presence of black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus</em>. Because both normal diploid and triploid (in which triploidy has been induced to cause sterility) black carp have been stocked in the Mississippi basin, determination of the ploidy (number of chromosome sets) of these fishes is important. Since 2002, postmortem ploidy determinations using cells from eyeballs removed from six wild black carp captured in Louisiana showed each to be a normal diploid, indicative of breeding capability and potential reproducing populations. Although reported commercial landings of grass and bigheaded carps have been as high as 34,830 kg/year, limited market demand in past years resulted in many captures being discarded. A protocol for obtaining samples for easily determining ploidy is reported here. Accurate data on Asian carp distributions and their reproductive potential provides information to fisheries researchers that will be constructive in documenting the spread of these invasive species and in the assessment of risk to habitats.

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