Evolutionary History Drives Biogeographic Patterns of Coral Reef Resilience

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Roff
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reef ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Modern-day Indo-Pacific coral reefs are characterized by rapid recovery driven by pulses of coral recruitment, but Caribbean reefs exhibit low rates of recruitment and poor recovery following a wide range of disturbance events. The contrasting evolutionary history of coral taxa offers key insight into biogeographic patterns of coral resilience. Following the closure of the Isthmus of Panama approximately 2.8 million years ago, widespread extinction of Caribbean corals led to an evolutionary bottleneck that favored large and long-lived species with a relatively high reliance on asexual versus sexual reproduction. In contrast, adaptive radiation led to the evolution of superrecruiting tabular, digitate, and corymbose corals that drive the rapid recovery of modern-day Indo-Pacific reefs following disturbance. The dominance of branching growth forms and evolutionary absence of superrecruiting growth forms throughout the entire evolutionary history of the Caribbean (approximately 38 million years ago to present) may explain the exceptionally high recruitment rates on modern-day Indo-Pacific reefs and low historical recruitment on Caribbean reefs. The evolutionary history of the Caribbean coral reef-building taxa implies that, even with a reversal of ecosystem state, widespread recovery of Caribbean reefs may be limited.

scholarly journals Eggs of echinoids separated by the Isthmus of Panama harbor divergent microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
TJ Carrier ◽  
HA Lessios ◽  
AM Reitzel
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Relationships between animals and their associated microbiota are dependent on both the evolutionary history of the host and on the environment. The majority of studies tend to focus on either one of these factors but rarely consider how both determine the community composition of the associated microbiota. One ‘natural experiment’ to test how evolutionary history, shared environments, and the interaction between these factors drive community composition is to compare geminate species pairs. Echinoids separated by the Isthmus of Panama are suitable for this comparison due to their known evolutionary history and differences in the oceanographic characteristics of the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. By comparing the bacterial communities of the eggs of Echinometra and Diadema geminate species pairs, we show that each pair of geminate species associates with a distinct bacterial community in a pattern consistent with phylosymbiosis, and that the interaction between the evolutionary history of the host and the environment best explains differences in these communities. Moreover, we found that the relative abundance of particular bacterial taxa differed considerably between the 2 bodies of water and that the 2 Caribbean Echinometra species were dominated by unclassified bacterial taxa within the phototrophic Oxyphotobacteria. Taken together, data presented here support the hypothesis that the bacterial communities associated with geminate species are another characteristic of these species that have diverged in ~2.8 million years of isolation.

scholarly journals Divergent microbiota of echinoid eggs separated by the Isthmus of Panama

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Carrier ◽  
Harilaos A. Lessios ◽  
Adam M. Reitzel
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractRelationships between animals and their associated microbiota is dependent on the evolutionary history of the host and on the environment. The majority of studies tend to focus on one of these factors and rarely consider how both determine the community composition of the associated bacteria. One “natural experiment” to test how evolutionary history, shared environments, and the interaction between these factors drive community composition is to compare geminate species pairs. Echinoids separated by the Isthmus of Panama are suitable for this comparison due to the known evolutionary history and differences in oceanographic characteristics of the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean. By comparing the egg-associated microbiota for the Echinometra and Diadema geminate species pairs, we show that both pairs of geminate species associate with distinct bacterial communities in patterns consistent with phylosymbiosis, and that the interaction between the evolutionary history of the host and the environment best explain differences in these communities. Moreover, we find that particular microbial taxa differed considerably between, but not within, oceans and that the microbiota of the two Caribbean Echinometra species were dominated by the phototrophic Oxyphotobacteria.

scholarly journals Fossil dermal denticles reveal the preexploitation baseline of a Caribbean coral reef shark community

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2017735118
Author(s):  
Erin M. Dillon ◽  
Douglas J. McCauley ◽  
Jorge Manuel Morales-Saldaña ◽  
Nicole D. Leonard ◽  
Jian-xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Nurse Shark ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reef ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Modern Reef ◽  
Demersal Species

Preexploitation shark baselines and the history of human impact on coral reef–associated shark communities in the Caribbean are tpoorly understood. We recovered shark dermal denticles from mid-Holocene (∼7 ky ago) and modern reef sediments in Bocas del Toro, Caribbean Panama, to reconstruct an empirical shark baseline before major human impact and to quantify how much the modern shark community in the region had shifted from this historical reference point. We found that denticle accumulation rates, a proxy for shark abundance, declined by 71% since the mid-Holocene. All denticle morphotypes, which reflect shark community composition, experienced significant losses, but those morphotypes found on fast-swimming, pelagic sharks (e.g., families Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae) declined the most. An analysis of historical records suggested that the steepest decline in shark abundance occurred in the late 20th century, coinciding with the advent of a targeted shark fishery in Panama. Although the disproportionate loss of denticles characterizing pelagic sharks was consistent with overfishing, the large reduction in denticles characterizing demersal species with low commercial value (i.e., the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum) indicated that other stressors could have exacerbated these declines. We demonstrate that the denticle record can reveal changes in shark communities over long ecological timescales, helping to contextualize contemporary abundances and inform shark management and ecology.

scholarly journals Pleistocene aridification underlies the evolutionary history of the Caribbean endemic, insular, giant Consolea (Opuntioideae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas C. Majure ◽  
Duniel Barrios ◽  
Edgardo Díaz ◽  
Bethany A. Zumwalde ◽  
Weston Testo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals A test statistic to quantify treelikeness in phylogenetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Cherryh ◽  
Bui Quang Minh ◽  
Rob Lanfear
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Parametric Bootstrap ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

AbstractMost phylogenetic analyses assume that the evolutionary history of an alignment (either that of a single locus, or of multiple concatenated loci) can be described by a single bifurcating tree, the so-called the treelikeness assumption. Treelikeness can be violated by biological events such as recombination, introgression, or incomplete lineage sorting, and by systematic errors in phylogenetic analyses. The incorrect assumption of treelikeness may then mislead phylogenetic inferences. To quantify and test for treelikeness in alignments, we develop a test statistic which we call the tree proportion. This statistic quantifies the proportion of the edge weights in a phylogenetic network that are represented in a bifurcating phylogenetic tree of the same alignment. We extend this statistic to a statistical test of treelikeness using a parametric bootstrap. We use extensive simulations to compare tree proportion to a range of related approaches. We show that tree proportion successfully identifies non-treelikeness in a wide range of simulation scenarios, and discuss its strengths and weaknesses compared to other approaches. The power of the tree-proportion test to reject non-treelike alignments can be lower than some other approaches, but these approaches tend to be limited in their scope and/or the ease with which they can be interpreted. Our recommendation is to test treelikeness of sequence alignments with both tree proportion and mosaic methods such as 3Seq. The scripts necessary to replicate this study are available at https://github.com/caitlinch/treelikeness

Comparative mitochondrial phylogeography of two legless lizards (Pygopodidae) from Queensland’s fragmented woodlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Jessica Worthington Wilmer ◽  
Andrew P. Amey ◽  
Carmel McDougall ◽  
Melanie Venz ◽  
Stephen Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The West ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
Fossorial Species

Sclerophyll woodlands and open forests once covered vast areas of eastern Australia, but have been greatly fragmented and reduced in extent since European settlement. The biogeographic and evolutionary history of the biota of eastern Australia’s woodlands also remains poorly known, especially when compared to rainforests to the east, or the arid biome to the west. Here we present an analysis of patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity in two species of Pygopodid geckos with distributions centred on the Brigalow Belt Bioregion of eastern Queensland. One moderately large and semi-arboreal species, Paradelma orientalis, shows low genetic diversity and no clear geographic structuring across its wide range. In contrast a small and semi-fossorial species, Delma torquata, consists of two moderately divergent clades, one from the ranges and upland of coastal areas of south-east Queensland, and other centred in upland areas further inland. These data point to varying histories of geneflow and refugial persistance in eastern Australia’s vast but now fragmented open woodlands. The Carnarvon Ranges of central Queensland are also highlighted as a zone of persistence for cool and/or wet-adapted taxa, however the evolutionary history and divergence of most outlying populations in these mountains remains unstudied.

scholarly journals The largest known cowrie and the iterative evolution of giant cypraeid gastropods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Dominici ◽  
Mariagabriella Fornasiero ◽  
Luca Giusberti
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iterative Evolution

AbstractBased on the fossil record, we explore the macroevolutionary relationship between species richness and gigantism in cowries (Cypraeidae), the best-studied family of gastropods, with a global diversity distribution that parallels that of tropical corals, mangroves and seagrasses. We introduce Vicetia bizzottoi sp. nov. based on a Priabonian fossil found in northeastern Italy, the largest documented cowrie found so far and the youngest of a lineage of Eocene Gisortiinae species. The Gisortiinae stratigraphic record in western Europe indicates that species selection favoured large size and armouring of the shell. Palaeoecology and per-stage species richness suggest that gigantism occurred in peripheral habitats with respect to diversity hotspots, where smaller species were favoured. The Eocene–Oligocene boundary was marked by a turnover and the Chattian global warming favoured small-sized species of derived clades. Species selection leading to gigantism is further documented in Miocene lineages of Zoila and Umbilia, in the southern hemisphere, two extant genera distributed at the periphery of modern diversity hotspots, suggesting that the negative relationship between size and diversity is a recurring pattern in the evolutionary history of cowries. This palaeontological evidence is projected onto the existing hypotheses that explain analogous biogeographic patterns in various other taxa. Likewise, body size-species richness negative relationship was possibly driven in cowries by physiological, ecological and life history constraints.

Introgression and selection shaped the evolutionary history of sympatric sister-species of coral reef fishes (genus:Haemulon)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés A. Bernal ◽  
Michelle R. Gaither ◽  
W. Brian Simison ◽  
Luiz A. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Coral Reef Fishes ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
History Of
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