scholarly journals 142 Surgical Treatment of Chronic Femoral and Tibial Osteomyelitis: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lau ◽  
Z Arshad ◽  
A Aslam ◽  
A Thahir ◽  
M Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
High Level

Abstract Aim The management of osteomyelitis, an inflammatory process of the bone that causes destruction and necrosis, is complex, and many authors report different techniques. This scoping review aims to identify and summarise literature on the management of chronic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis to further the reader’s understanding of potential management strategies and thereby explore areas for further research. Method The Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework was used. PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL searches were conducted for articles reporting the management of chronic osteomyelitis of the femur and tibia. Two reviewers independently screened the title/abstract and full text against the pre-defined criteria. Results Altogether, 1223 articles were identified and 52 were finally included. Various management strategies were reported, and the main principles shared across these strategies included antibiotic therapy, removal of infected tissue and management of dead-space. 75.45% of patients presented with stage III or IV disease, using the Cierny-Mader classification. The most commonly isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of patients who achieved remission without recurrences during follow-up period ranged between 59.3% - 100.0%. Conclusions Excellent outcomes, in terms of remission and lack of recurrence, were reported in the majority of studies. It is clear that specific patient and treatment-related factors may affect outcomes but further high-level research such as randomized control trials are required to investigate this further.

scholarly journals Management of chronic osteomyelitis of the femur and tibia: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 704-715
Author(s):  
Zaki Arshad ◽  
Edward Jun-Shing Lau ◽  
Aiman Aslam ◽  
Azeem Thahir ◽  
Matija Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Full Text Screening

Osteomyelitis refers to an inflammatory process causing bone destruction and necrosis. Managing such a persistent disease is complex, with a number of authors reporting different techniques. This scoping review aims to map and summarize the literature on treatment of chronic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis, in order to improve the reader’s understanding of potential treatments and identify areas of further research. The methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed. A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, EMCARE and CINAHL, for articles reporting treatment of chronic tibial/femoral osteomyelitis. Two reviewers independently performed title/abstract and full-text screening according to pre-defined criteria. A total of 1230 articles were identified, with 40 finally included. A range of treatments are reported, with the core principles being removal of infected tissue, dead-space management and antibiotic therapy. The majority (84.5%) of patients presented with stage III or IV disease according to the Cierny–Mader classification, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism. The proportion of patients achieving remission with no recurrence during follow-up varies from 67.7–100.0%. The majority of studies report excellent outcomes in terms of infection remission and lack of recurrence. However, identifying specific patient or treatment-related factors which may affect outcomes is currently challenging due to the nature of the included studies and unclear reporting of treatment outcomes. It is now important to address this issue and identify such factors using further high-level research methods such as randomized controlled trials and comparative cohort studies. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:704-715. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200136

scholarly journals 1238 Surgical Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Femur and Tibia: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Arshad ◽  
E J S Lau ◽  
A Aslam ◽  
A Thahir ◽  
M Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Full Text Screening

Abstract Aim This scoping review aims to map and summarise the literature on treatment of chronic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis, in order to enhance the reader’s understanding of potential treatment options, whilst also identifying areas of future research Method This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs institute. A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL, for articles reporting treatment of chronic tibial/femoral osteomyelitis. Title/abstract and full text screening was performed independently by two reviewers according to pre-defined criteria. Results A total of 1223 articles were identified, with 40 studies, involving 2,489 patients being finally included. A range of treatments are reported, with the key reported principles being removal of infected tissue, dead-space management and antibiotic therapy. The majority (76.2%) of patients presented with stage III or IV disease according to the Cierny-Mader classification and the most commonly cultured pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of patients achieving remission with no recurrence during follow up varies from 72.0% - 100.0%. Conclusions The majority of studies report excellent outcomes in terms of infection remission and lack of recurrence. However, using the current literature to identify specific patient and treatment related factors which may affect treatment results is challenging due to a number of potential confounding factors. Further high-level research such as randomized control trials and comparative studies are required to achieve this.

Management Strategies to Promote Follow-Up Care for Incidental Findings: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika L. Crable ◽  
Timothy Feeney ◽  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Valerie Grim ◽  
Mari-Lynn Drainoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Follow Up Care

Intervention to Modify Habits: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Heather Fritz ◽  
Yi-Ling Hu ◽  
Kevin Gahman ◽  
Chen Almacen ◽  
Jon Ottolini
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Current State ◽  
Health Habit ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Improve Health

Intervening to change clients’ habits in the course of their everyday occupations could improve health. Habit formation interventions are an emerging area of science, however, and there is a need to better understand the current state of habit intervention research. The objective of this study is to examine the evidence related to habit formation interventions to modify health habits among adults. We performed a scoping review of peer-review articles published since January 1, 2008. The majority of the 18 studies included in the review were randomized control trials using one of two measures to assess habit change. Studies targeted a range of habits. Trial results were mixed but supportive of habit formation approaches. Through habit formation interventions, a range of everyday behaviors can become a habit. Occupational therapy professionals can use data and results generated from this review to inform the development of occupation-based habit formation treatments.

scholarly journals Biologically Based Restorative Management of Tooth Wear

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. D. Kelleher ◽  
Deborah I. Bomfim ◽  
Rupert S. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
High Level

The prevalence and severity of tooth wear is increasing in industrialised nations. Yet, there is no high-level evidence to support or refute any therapeutic intervention. In the absence of such evidence, many currently prevailing management strategies for tooth wear may be failing in their duty of care to first and foremost improve the oral health of patients with this disease. This paper promotes biologically sound approaches to the management of tooth wear on the basis of current best evidence of the aetiology and clinical features of this disease. The relative risks and benefits of the varying approaches to managing tooth wear are discussed with reference to long-term follow-up studies. Using reference to ethical standards such as “The Daughter Test”, this paper presents case reports of patients with moderate-to-severe levels of tooth wear managed in line with these biologically sound principles.

Effects of Telerehabilitation Interventions in Heart Failure 2015-2020: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Skov Schacksen ◽  
Nanna Celina Henneberg ◽  
Janusiya Anajan Muthulingam ◽  
Yuh Morimoto ◽  
Ryuichi Sawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Heart Failure Management ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Randomized Control

BACKGROUND Heart failure is one of the world’s most frequently diagnosed cardiovascular diseases. An important element of heart failure management is cardiac rehabilitation, which aims to improve patients’ recovery, functional capacity, psychosocial well-being, and health-related quality of life. Patients in cardiac rehabilitation may lack sufficient motivation or feel that the rehabilitation process does not meet their individual needs. One solution to these challenges is the use of telerehabilitation. Although telerehabilitation has been available for several years, it is only in recent years that it has been utilized in heart failure studies. Especially within the past five years, we now have several studies focusing on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation for heart failure management, and the studies show varying results. Based on these studies, this paper provides a review and assessment of the general effectiveness of telerehabilitation as applied to heart failure management. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to assess the effects of telerehabilitation in the management of heart failure by systematically reviewing the available scientific literature within the period from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2020. METHODS The literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE. After duplicates were removed, 77 articles were screened and reviewed, of which 12 articles were included in this review. As measures of the effectiveness of telerehabilitation, the following outcomes were used: patient’s quality of life, physical capacity, depression/anxiety, and adherence to the intervention. RESULTS In reviewing the effects of telerehabilitation for heart failure patients, it was found that, 4 out of 6 randomized control trials, the single prospective study, and 4 out of 5 reviews reported increased quality of life for patients. For physical capacity, 4 randomized control trials and 3 systematic reviews revealed increased physical capacity. Depression or depressive symptoms was reported as reduced in 1 of the 6 randomized control trials and in 2 of the 5 reviews. Anxiety or anxiety-related symptoms was only reported as reduced in only 1 review. High adherence to the telerehabilitation program was reported in 4 randomized control trials and 4 reviews. It should be mentioned that some of the reviewed articles described the same studies although they used different outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Telerehabilitation is still a relatively new approach to heart failure patients. It was found that there is a tendency toward improvement in patients’ quality of life and physical capacity. The outcome measures of depression, anxiety and adherence to the intervention were found to be positive. More research is needed to determine more precise and robust effects on the respective outcomes in telerehabilitation.

Translating Games Into Effective Health Results Using Digital Tools

2022 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Duarte Vital Brito ◽  
Hernâni Zão Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Study Designs

The use of gamification in the health context, especially to trigger behavior change, has assumed a particular relevance. However, the scientific evidence that supports the effectiveness of gamified methodologies has constituted a barrier to the implementation of projects. This chapter draws on a review of this theme, identifying barriers and opportunities for using gamification mechanisms. Results show that digital games are often considered as more enjoyable, engaging, and interesting solutions that are able to increase access, autonomy, self-efficacy, compliance to treatment, and knowledge acquisition. However, most studies reported a high risk of bias due to small-sized samples, short follow-up times, and lack of randomized control trials or more robust study designs. Therefore, future research should target older adults, ensure longer periods of follow-up, bigger samples, and include randomized control trials. Involvement of patients and health professionals is also a key component to ensure a more effective and regulated delivery of such solutions within the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Generic Self-Reported Questionnaires Measuring Self-Management: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382097414
Author(s):  
Émilie Hudon ◽  
Catherine Hudon ◽  
Mireille Lambert ◽  
Mathieu Bisson ◽  
Maud-Christine Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This study aimed to (1) identify generic questionnaires that measure self-management in people with chronic conditions, (2) describe their characteristics, (3) describe their development and theoretical foundations, and (4) identify categories of self-management strategies they assessed. This scoping review was based on the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and completed by Levac et al. A thematic analysis was used to examine self-management strategies assessed by the questionnaires published between 1976 and 2019. A total of 21 articles on 10 generic, self-reported questionnaires were identified. The questionnaires were developed using various theoretical foundations. The Patient Assessment of Self-Management Tasks and Partners in Health scale questionnaires possessed characteristics that made them suitable for use in clinical and research settings and for evaluating all categories of self-management strategies. This study provides clinicians and researchers with an overview of generic, self-reported questionnaires and highlights some of their practical characteristics.

Barriers and enablers to conducting cluster randomized control trials in hospitals: A theory-informed scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 101815
Author(s):  
Arielle Weir ◽  
Simon Kitto ◽  
Jennifer Smith ◽  
Justin Presseau ◽  
Ian Colman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Cluster Randomized

A quality assessment of randomized control trials of primary treatment of breast cancer.

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Liberati ◽  
H N Himel ◽  
T C Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
System A ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Telephone Calls

The methodology of randomized control trials (RCTs) of the primary treatment of early breast cancer has been reviewed using a quantitative method. Sixty-three RCTs comparing various treatment modalities tested on over 34,000 patients and reported in 119 papers were evaluated according to a standardized scoring system. A percentage score was developed to assess the internal validity of a study (referring to the quality of its design and execution) and its external validity (referring to presentation of information required to determine its generalizability). An overall score was also calculated as the combination of the two. The mean overall score for the 63 RCTs was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 46% to 54%) with small and nonstatistically significant differences between types of trial. The most common methodologic deficiencies encountered in these studies were related to the randomization process (only 27 of the 63 RCTs adopted a truly blinded procedure), the handling of withdrawals (only 26 RCTs included all patients in the analyses), the description of the follow-up schedule (only 12 RCTs reported adequately), the report of side effects (adequate information given in 33 RCTs), and the description of the patient population (satisfactory in 29 RCTs). Telephone calls to the principal investigators improved the quality scores by seven points on a scale of 100, indicating that some of the deficiencies lay in reporting rather than performance. There was evidence that quality has improved over time and that the increasing tendency of involving a biostatistician in the research team was positively associated with the improvement of the internal validity but not with the external.

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