Intervention to Modify Habits: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Heather Fritz ◽  
Yi-Ling Hu ◽  
Kevin Gahman ◽  
Chen Almacen ◽  
Jon Ottolini
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Current State ◽  
Health Habit ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Improve Health

Intervening to change clients’ habits in the course of their everyday occupations could improve health. Habit formation interventions are an emerging area of science, however, and there is a need to better understand the current state of habit intervention research. The objective of this study is to examine the evidence related to habit formation interventions to modify health habits among adults. We performed a scoping review of peer-review articles published since January 1, 2008. The majority of the 18 studies included in the review were randomized control trials using one of two measures to assess habit change. Studies targeted a range of habits. Trial results were mixed but supportive of habit formation approaches. Through habit formation interventions, a range of everyday behaviors can become a habit. Occupational therapy professionals can use data and results generated from this review to inform the development of occupation-based habit formation treatments.

Effects of Telerehabilitation Interventions in Heart Failure 2015-2020: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Skov Schacksen ◽  
Nanna Celina Henneberg ◽  
Janusiya Anajan Muthulingam ◽  
Yuh Morimoto ◽  
Ryuichi Sawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Heart Failure Management ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Randomized Control

BACKGROUND Heart failure is one of the world’s most frequently diagnosed cardiovascular diseases. An important element of heart failure management is cardiac rehabilitation, which aims to improve patients’ recovery, functional capacity, psychosocial well-being, and health-related quality of life. Patients in cardiac rehabilitation may lack sufficient motivation or feel that the rehabilitation process does not meet their individual needs. One solution to these challenges is the use of telerehabilitation. Although telerehabilitation has been available for several years, it is only in recent years that it has been utilized in heart failure studies. Especially within the past five years, we now have several studies focusing on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation for heart failure management, and the studies show varying results. Based on these studies, this paper provides a review and assessment of the general effectiveness of telerehabilitation as applied to heart failure management. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to assess the effects of telerehabilitation in the management of heart failure by systematically reviewing the available scientific literature within the period from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2020. METHODS The literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE. After duplicates were removed, 77 articles were screened and reviewed, of which 12 articles were included in this review. As measures of the effectiveness of telerehabilitation, the following outcomes were used: patient’s quality of life, physical capacity, depression/anxiety, and adherence to the intervention. RESULTS In reviewing the effects of telerehabilitation for heart failure patients, it was found that, 4 out of 6 randomized control trials, the single prospective study, and 4 out of 5 reviews reported increased quality of life for patients. For physical capacity, 4 randomized control trials and 3 systematic reviews revealed increased physical capacity. Depression or depressive symptoms was reported as reduced in 1 of the 6 randomized control trials and in 2 of the 5 reviews. Anxiety or anxiety-related symptoms was only reported as reduced in only 1 review. High adherence to the telerehabilitation program was reported in 4 randomized control trials and 4 reviews. It should be mentioned that some of the reviewed articles described the same studies although they used different outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Telerehabilitation is still a relatively new approach to heart failure patients. It was found that there is a tendency toward improvement in patients’ quality of life and physical capacity. The outcome measures of depression, anxiety and adherence to the intervention were found to be positive. More research is needed to determine more precise and robust effects on the respective outcomes in telerehabilitation.

Barriers and enablers to conducting cluster randomized control trials in hospitals: A theory-informed scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 101815
Author(s):  
Arielle Weir ◽  
Simon Kitto ◽  
Jennifer Smith ◽  
Justin Presseau ◽  
Ian Colman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Cluster Randomized

scholarly journals A scoping review on biomedical journal peer review guides for reviewers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251440
Author(s):  
Eunhye Song ◽  
Lin Ang ◽  
Ji-Yeun Park ◽  
Eun-Young Jun ◽  
Kyeong Han Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Biomedical Journal ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Current State ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Biomedical Journals ◽  
Protocol Registration

Background Peer review is widely used in academic fields to assess a manuscript’s significance and to improve its quality for publication. This scoping review will assess existing peer review guidelines and/or checklists intended for reviewers of biomedical journals and provide an overview on the review guidelines. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) databases were searched for review guidelines from the date of inception until February 19, 2021. There was no date restriction nor article type restriction. In addition to the database search, websites of journal publishers and non-publishers were additionally hand-searched. Results Of 14,633 database publication records and 24 website records, 65 publications and 14 websites met inclusion criteria for the review (78 records in total). From the included records, a total of 1,811 checklist items were identified. The items related to Methods, Results, and Discussion were found to be the highly discussed in reviewer guidelines. Conclusion This review identified existing literature on peer review guidelines and provided an overview of the current state of peer review guides. Review guidelines were varying by journals and publishers. This calls for more research to determine the need to use uniform review standards for transparent and standardized peer review. Protocol registration The protocol for this study has been registered at Research Registry (www.researchregistry.com): reviewregistry881.

RCTs in Development Economics, Their Critics and Their Evolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-151
Author(s):  
Timothy Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Development Economics ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Current State ◽  
Randomized Control

The use of Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) in development economics has attracted a consistent drumbeat of criticism, but relatively little response from so-called randomistas (other than a steadily increasing number of practitioners and papers). This chapter systematizes the critiques and discusses the difficulty in responding directly to them. Following this the chapter applies prominent RCT critic Lant Pritchett’s PDIA framework to illustrate how the RCT movement has been responsive to the critiques if not to the critics through a steady evolution of practice. Finally, the chapter assesses the current state of the RCT movement in terms of impact and productivity.

scholarly journals 142 Surgical Treatment of Chronic Femoral and Tibial Osteomyelitis: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lau ◽  
Z Arshad ◽  
A Aslam ◽  
A Thahir ◽  
M Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
High Level

Abstract Aim The management of osteomyelitis, an inflammatory process of the bone that causes destruction and necrosis, is complex, and many authors report different techniques. This scoping review aims to identify and summarise literature on the management of chronic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis to further the reader’s understanding of potential management strategies and thereby explore areas for further research. Method The Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework was used. PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL searches were conducted for articles reporting the management of chronic osteomyelitis of the femur and tibia. Two reviewers independently screened the title/abstract and full text against the pre-defined criteria. Results Altogether, 1223 articles were identified and 52 were finally included. Various management strategies were reported, and the main principles shared across these strategies included antibiotic therapy, removal of infected tissue and management of dead-space. 75.45% of patients presented with stage III or IV disease, using the Cierny-Mader classification. The most commonly isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of patients who achieved remission without recurrences during follow-up period ranged between 59.3% - 100.0%. Conclusions Excellent outcomes, in terms of remission and lack of recurrence, were reported in the majority of studies. It is clear that specific patient and treatment-related factors may affect outcomes but further high-level research such as randomized control trials are required to investigate this further.

A Scoping Review of Resilience in Survivors of Human Trafficking

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802098556
Author(s):  
Logan Knight ◽  
Yitong Xin ◽  
Cecilia Mengo
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current State ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Sexual Trafficking

Resilience is critical among survivors of trafficking as they are mostly vulnerable populations who face multiple adversities before, during, and after trafficking. However, resilience in survivors of trafficking is understudied. This scoping review aims to clarify the current state of knowledge, focusing on definitions of resilience, how resilience has been studied, and factors associated with resilience among survivors. Five databases were searched using key words related to trafficking and resilience. Studies were included if they were published in English between 2000 and 2019 and focused on resilience with the study design including at least one of these four features: (a) use of standardized measures of resilience, (b) qualitative descriptions of resilience, (c) participants were survivors or professionals serving survivors, and (d) data sources such as case files or program manuals directly pertained to survivors. Eighteen studies were identified. Findings indicated that resilience was primarily described as emergent from interactions between the survivor and the environment. Resilience in trafficking appeared largely similar to resilience in other kinds of victimization. Nonetheless, trafficking survivors also may display resilience in alternative ways such as refusing treatment. Positive interpersonal relationships were the most commonly mentioned resilience factor. In addition, current research lacks studies featuring longitudinal designs, interventions, participatory methods, types of trafficking other than sexual trafficking, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and national origin. Future research needs to establish definitions and measures of resilience that are culturally and contextually relevant to survivors and build knowledge necessary for designing and evaluating resilience-enhancing interventions.

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