Are There Risks with Risk Assessment? A Study of the Predictive Accuracy of the Youth Level of Service-Case Management Inventory with Young Offenders in Scotland

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2163-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vaswani ◽  
L. Merone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Young Offenders

Risk assessment: Identifying patterns of risk in young offenders with the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyitayo Onifade ◽  
William Davidson ◽  
Sarah Livsey ◽  
Garrett Turke ◽  
Chris Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Young Offenders

An Examination of Changes in LSI-R Scores Over Time: Making the Case for Needs-Based Case Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda D. Schlager ◽  
Daniel Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Risk Assessment Instrument ◽  
Over Time

The Level of Service Inventory—Revised (LSI-R) is an actuarially derived risk assessment instrument with a demonstrated reputation and record of supportive research. It has shown predictive validity on several offender populations. Although a significant literature has emerged on the validity and use of the LSI-R, no research has specifically examined change scores or the dynamics of reassessment and its importance with respect to case management. Flores, Lowenkamp, Holsinger, and Latessa and Lowenkamp and Bechtel, among others, specifically identify the importance and need to examine LSI-R reassessment scores. The present study uses a sample of parolees ( N = 179) from various community corrections programs that were administered the LSI-R at two different times. Results indicate that both mean composite and subcomponent LSI-R scores statistically significantly decreased between Time 1 and Time 2. The practical, theoretical, and policy implications of these results are discussed.

Predictive Validity of the Young Offender Level of Service Inventory for Criminal Recidivism of Male and Female Young Offenders

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1214-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio E. Ilacqua ◽  
Grant E. Coulson ◽  
Diana Lombardo ◽  
Verna Nutbrown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Male And Female

164 male and female young offenders were given the Young Offender Level of Service Inventory. Scores from this 76-item risk assessment were used to produce a matched sample of 82 female and 82 male young offenders. Sex did not influence the 1-yr. criminal recidivism rate, a result consistent with other findings.

scholarly journals How to Improve the YLS/CMI? Exploring a Particularly Predictive Combination of Items

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 922-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidón Villanueva ◽  
Miguel Basto-Pereira ◽  
Keren Cuervo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Criminogenic Needs

Recidivism risk assessment is central to addressing criminogenic needs among youth offenders. To accomplish this, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is worldwide used, but it is long and has limited predictive validity for minority populations. This study presents a particularly predictive combination of seven items that overcomes these limitations. A sample of 430 Spanish youth offenders participated in this study. The YLS/CMI long version was filled out and reconvictions were collected over a 2-year period. Results show that this combination of seven items reduced more than 80% of the inventory and improved the predictive validity, globally and for minorities. The items that were included were related to psychopathic traits and the lack of protective role models. Therefore, this specific combination of YLS/CMI items has considerable higher predictive validity across gender and culture, and may be useful to practitioners in this field.

Predictive Validity of the YLS/CMI in a Sample of Spanish Young Offenders of Arab Descent

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1914-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Villanueva ◽  
A. Gomis-Pomares ◽  
J. E. Adrián
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Arab Descent

This study was conducted to assess the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in young offenders of Arab descent, living in Spain. To address this subject, the Inventory was administered to a sample of Arab minor offenders ( N = 116), and results were compared to a sample of non-Arab minor offenders ( N = 140), who were all aged between 14 and 17 years. The charges filed after the date of the first assessment carried out by the Youth Offending Team were coded during the follow-up period (2012-2017). The Inventory showed a similar predictive validity for both groups. However, the values were always slightly higher in the non-Arab group than in the Arab group. With subtle cultural differences, the YLS/CMI seems to be a risk instrument capable of predicting recidivism among Arab young offenders.

IRT-Based Differential Item Functioning Analysis of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory Across Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482096887
Author(s):  
Shiming Huang ◽  
Michele Peterson-Badali ◽  
Eunice Eunhee Jang ◽  
Tracey A. Skilling
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Assessment Instrument ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
General Recidivism

Even though risk assessments are routinely conducted in the criminal justice system to inform sentencing and case management, their cross-cultural applicability remains contested. This study investigated the generalizability of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI), a widely implemented youth forensic risk assessment instrument, using an Item Response Theory framework, in a sample of Indigenous ( n = 205) and non-Indigenous ( n = 193) youth. Differential item functioning analyses demonstrated similar discrimination across groups. However, despite similar latent risk levels, non-Indigenous youth were more likely to have items from the Education domain endorsed, while Indigenous youth were more likely to have items from the Substance Abuse domain endorsed. Predictive accuracy analyses indicated that total YLS/CMI scores significantly predicted general recidivism (without administration of justice convictions) for non-Indigenous youth, but not for Indigenous youth. There is an urgent need for more research investigating the applicability of the YLS/CMI to diverse groups of Indigenous youth.

Applying Risk/Need Assessment to Probation Practice and its Impact on the Recidivism of Young Offenders

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1177-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duyen Luong ◽  
J. Stephen Wormith
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Need Assessment ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
The Impact

Evaluating the extent to which case management practices are guided by risk/need assessment is important because the impact of the assessment process will not be realized if the instrument is not applied as fully intended. This study investigated whether risk/need assessment is linked to the case management of young offenders and whether adherence to the principles of risk, need, and responsivity, as part of the case management plan, is related to recidivism. Data were collected on a sample of 192 young offenders. The Level of Service Inventory–Saskatchewan Youth Edition (LSI-SK) total score and seven of the eight subscale scores were positively correlated with recidivism. Generally, the LSI-SK was used to inform supervision intensity and interventions toward criminogenic needs. Moreover, adherence to the need principle was associated with reductions in recidivism. Implications for case management and direction for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Betting Against the Odds: The Mysterious Case of the Clinical Override in Risk Assessment of Adult Convicted Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110491
Author(s):  
Julien Frechette ◽  
Patrick Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Subjective Judgment ◽  
Actuarial Approach

Various tools were designed to guide practitioners in the risk assessment of offenders, including the Level of Service and Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI). This instrument is based on risk assessment principles prioritizing the actuarial approach to clinical judgment. However, the tool’s architects allowed subjective judgment from the practitioners—referred to as clinical override—to modify an offender’s risk category under certain circumstances. Few studies, however, have examined these circumstances. Therefore, the current study used decision tree analyses among a quasi-population of Quebec offenders ( n = 15,744) to identify whether there are offenders more likely to be subjected to this discretion based on their characteristics. The results suggest that, although the override is rare, it occurred under few specific combinations of circumstances. More precisely, these findings propose that the utilization of the clinical override stems from a perceived discrepancy between risk prediction and management.

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