scholarly journals Vascular reserve in brain resilience: pipes or perfusion?

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-392
Author(s):  
Maximilian Wiesmann ◽  
Frank-Erik de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Vascular Reserve ◽  
Brain Resilience

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Hippocampal vascular reserve associated with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume’, by Perosa et al. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awz383).

scholarly journals Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Brain Integrity and Cognitive Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Monica Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Julie Martinkova ◽  
Kateřina Čechová ◽  
Hana Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Dementia is arguably the most devastating condition of older adulthood with treatment options still elusive. Alzheimer’s is the most prevalent form of dementia where cognitive deficits relate strongly to underlying brain pathology. However, there exist cases in which cognitive performance does not match the corresponding level of neuropathology. Attempts to explain this phenomenon often include the concept of cognitive reserve (CR), whereby greater CR (e.g., more education or higher occupational position) presumably results in less impairment relative to the extent of pathology early in disease progression but also greater impairment once cognitive symptoms manifest. We examined the influence of CR proxy variables (education and occupation) on the relationship between hippocampal volume and cognitive performance on tests of executive control and memory using data from the Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS). Participants were cognitively normal/with subjective cognitive decline but without actual impairment (CN; n=115; M(age)=66.43; M(education)=15.90; 37 men) or had amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n=165; M(age)=71.37; M(education)=14.92; 85 men). We found that hippocampal volume was significantly related to executive control (b=-.0001, p=.03) and memory (b=.0002, p<.001) for participants with aMCI, but only memory (b=.0002, p=.03) for CN participants. Occupational position moderated the association between memory and hippocampal volume in aMCI, with the result approaching significance (p=.07), whereby a greater link between memory problems and hippocampal atrophy was present in those previously in high occupational positions. No other moderations for occupational position or education emerged (ps>.25). We found evidence for the concept of CR using occupational position as proxy.

scholarly journals White matter integrity, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance of a world-famous nonagenarian track-and-field athlete

Neurocase ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Burzynska ◽  
C. N. Wong ◽  
L. Chaddock-Heyman ◽  
E. A. Olson ◽  
N. P. Gothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Track And Field Athlete

scholarly journals Baseline Cognition Is the Best Predictor of 4-year Cognitive Change in Cognitively Intact Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Schaeverbeke ◽  
Silvy Gabel ◽  
Emma Luckett ◽  
Karen Meersmans ◽  
Steffi De Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Amyloid Load ◽  
Cognitively Intact

Abstract BackgroundWe examined in cognitively intact older adults the relative weight of cognitive, genetic, structural and amyloid brain imaging variables for predicting cognitive change over a 4-year time course. MethodsHundred-eighty community-recruited cognitively intact older adults (mean age 68 years, range 52-80 years, 81 women) belonging to the Flemish Prevent Alzheimer's Disease KU Leuven (F-PACK) longitudinal observational cohort underwent a baseline evaluation consisting of detailed cognitive assessment, structural MRI and 18F-flutemetamol PET. At inclusion, subjects were stratified based on Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphism according to a factorial design. At inclusion, 15% were amyloid PET positive (Centiloid > 23.4). All subjects underwent 2-yearly follow-up of cognitive performance for a 4-year time period. Baseline cognitive scores were analysed using factor analysis. The slope of cognitive change over time was modelled using latent growth curve analysis. Using correlation analysis, hierarchical regression and mediation analysis, we examined the effect of demographic (age, sex, education) and genetic variables, baseline cognition, MRI volumetric (both voxelwise and region-based) as well as amyloid imaging measures on the longitudinal slope of cognitive change. ResultsA base model of age and sex explained 18% of variance in episodic memory decline. This increased to 41.6\% by adding baseline episodic memory scores. Adding amyloid load or volumetric measures explained only a negligible additional amount of variance (increase to 42.2%). A mediation analysis indicated that the effect of age on episodic memory scores was partly direct and partly mediated via hippocampal volume. Amyloid load did not play a significant role as mediator between age, hippocampal volume and episodic memory decline. ConclusionIn cognitively intact older adults, the strongest baseline predictor of subsequent episodic memory decline was the baseline episodic memory score. When this score was included, only very limited explanatory power was added by brain volume or amyloid load measures. The data warn against classifications that are purely biomarker-based and highlight the value of baseline cognitive performance levels in predictive models.

Hippocampal Volume Is Associated with Memory but not Nonmemory Cognitive Performance in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grundman ◽  
Clifford R. Jack ◽  
Ronald C. Petersen ◽  
Hyun T. Kim ◽  
Curtis Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
With Memory

scholarly journals Hippocampal volume is an independent predictor of cognitive performance in CADASIL

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike O'Sullivan ◽  
Elmar Ngo ◽  
Anand Viswanathan ◽  
Eric Jouvent ◽  
Andreas Gschwendtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Hippocampal Volume

Interaction effects of subjective memory impairment and ApoE4 genotype on episodic memory and hippocampal volume

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Striepens ◽  
L. Scheef ◽  
A. Wind ◽  
D. Meiberth ◽  
J. Popp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Volumetric Measures

BackgroundThe apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4) is an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effects on cognitive performance and brain structure in healthy individuals are complex. We investigated the effect of ApoE4 on cognitive performance and medial temporal lobe volumetric measures in cognitively unimpaired young elderly with and without subjective memory impairment (SMI), which is an at-risk condition for dementia.MethodAltogether, 40 individuals with SMI and 62 without were tested on episodic memory and on tasks of speed and executive function. All participants were ApoE genotyped. 21 subjects with SMI and 47 without received additional structural magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric measures of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and the amygdala were obtained manually.ResultsIn the SMI group, ApoE4 carriers performed worse on the episodic memory (p=0.049) and showed smaller left hippocampal volumes (p=0.030). In the individuals without SMI, the ApoE4 carriers performed better on episodic memory (p=0.018) and had larger right hippocampal volumes (p=0.039). The interaction of group (SMI/no SMI) and ApoE genotype was significant for episodic memory (p=0.005) and right and left hippocampal volumes (p=0.042; p=0.035). There were no within-group differences or interaction effects on speed and executive function composite measures or other volumetric measures.ConclusionsThe negative effect of ApoE4 on episodic memory and hippocampal volume in SMI supports SMI as a prodromal condition of AD. The positive effects of ApoE4 in subjects without SMI adds to a number of reports on positive ApoE4 effects in young and very old individuals.

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