scholarly journals Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Brain Integrity and Cognitive Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Monica Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Julie Martinkova ◽  
Kateřina Čechová ◽  
Hana Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Dementia is arguably the most devastating condition of older adulthood with treatment options still elusive. Alzheimer’s is the most prevalent form of dementia where cognitive deficits relate strongly to underlying brain pathology. However, there exist cases in which cognitive performance does not match the corresponding level of neuropathology. Attempts to explain this phenomenon often include the concept of cognitive reserve (CR), whereby greater CR (e.g., more education or higher occupational position) presumably results in less impairment relative to the extent of pathology early in disease progression but also greater impairment once cognitive symptoms manifest. We examined the influence of CR proxy variables (education and occupation) on the relationship between hippocampal volume and cognitive performance on tests of executive control and memory using data from the Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS). Participants were cognitively normal/with subjective cognitive decline but without actual impairment (CN; n=115; M(age)=66.43; M(education)=15.90; 37 men) or had amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n=165; M(age)=71.37; M(education)=14.92; 85 men). We found that hippocampal volume was significantly related to executive control (b=-.0001, p=.03) and memory (b=.0002, p<.001) for participants with aMCI, but only memory (b=.0002, p=.03) for CN participants. Occupational position moderated the association between memory and hippocampal volume in aMCI, with the result approaching significance (p=.07), whereby a greater link between memory problems and hippocampal atrophy was present in those previously in high occupational positions. No other moderations for occupational position or education emerged (ps>.25). We found evidence for the concept of CR using occupational position as proxy.

Memory Binding Test and Its Associations With Hippocampal Volume Across the Cognitive Continuum Preceding Dementia

Assessment ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 107319112110696
Author(s):  
Hana Markova ◽  
Adela Fendrych Mazancova ◽  
Dylan J. Jester ◽  
Katerina Cechova ◽  
Veronika Matuskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Memory Binding ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Aging Study

Innovative memory paradigms have been introduced to capture subtle memory changes in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to examine the associations between different indexes of the challenging Memory Binding Test (MBT) and hippocampal volume (HV) in a sample of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 50), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD ( n = 31), and cognitively normal (CN) older adults ( n = 29) recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study, in contrast to traditional verbal memory tests. Both MBT free and cued recall scores in immediate and delayed recall conditions were associated with lower HV in both SCD and aMCI due to AD, whereas in traditional verbal memory tests only delayed recall scores were associated with lower HV. In SCD, the associations with lower HV in the immediate recall covered specific cued recall indexes only. In conclusion, the MBT is a promising test for detecting subtle hippocampal-associated memory decline during the predementia continuum.

scholarly journals Clinical and Biomarker Characteristics According to Clinical Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the Validation Cohort of Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of AD

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihye Hwang ◽  
Jee Jeong ◽  
Soo Yoon ◽  
Kyung Park ◽  
Eun-Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aging Study

We aimed to present the study design of an independent validation cohort from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (KBASE-V) and to investigate the baseline characteristics of the participants according to the AD clinical spectrum. We recruited 71 cognitively normal (CN) participants, 96 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 72 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 56 with AD dementia (ADD). The participants are followed for three years. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD scores was significantly different between all of the groups. The logical memory delayed recall scores were significantly different between all groups, except between the MCI and ADD groups. The Mini-Mental State Examination score, hippocampal volume, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β42 level were significant difference among the SCD, MCI, and ADD groups. The frequencies of participants with amyloid pathology according to PET or CSF studies were 8.9%, 25.6%, 48.3%, and 90.0% in the CN, SCD, MCI, and ADD groups, respectively. According to ATN classification, A+/T+/N+ or A+/T+/N− was observed in 0%, 15.5%, 31.0%, and 78.3% in the CN, SCD, MCI, and ADD groups, respectively. The KBASE-V showed a clear difference according to the AD clinical spectrum in neuropsychological tests and AD biomarkers.

The Association Between Homocysteine and Memory in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Monica E. Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Zuzana Nedelska ◽  
Julie Martinkova ◽  
Katerina Cechova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline

Background: Identifying modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline can reduce burden of dementia. Objective: We examined whether homocysteine was associated with memory performance, mediated by entorhinal volume, hippocampal volume, total gray matter volume, or white matter lesions, and moderated by APOE ɛ4 allele, B vitamins, creatinine, total cholesterol, or triglycerides. Methods: All 204 members of the Czech Brain Aging Study with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 60) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; n = 144) who had valid data were included. Linear regression was used, followed by conditional process modeling to examine mediation and moderation. Results: Controlling for age, sex, and education, higher homocysteine was related to poorer memory performance overall (b = –0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.017) and in participants with SCD (b = –0.06, SE = 0.03, p = 0.029), but less so in aMCI (b = –0.03, SE = 0.02, p = 0.074); though sensitivity analyses revealed a significant association when sample was reduced to aMCI patients with more complete cognitive data (who were also better functioning; b = –0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.022). Results were unchanged in fully adjusted models. Neither mediation by markers of brain integrity nor moderation by APOE ɛ4, B vitamins, creatinine, and cardiovascular factors were significant. Memory sub-analyses revealed that results for SCD were likely driven by non-verbal memory. The homocysteine-memory relationship was significant when hippocampal volume was below the median (b = –0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.046), but not at/above the median (p = 0.247). Conclusion: Higher homocysteine levels may adversely influence memory performance, particularly in those without cognitive impairment. Results appear to be independent of brain health, suggesting that homocysteine may represent a good target for intervention.

Contested Knowledge and Information Behaviour: Treatments for Depression

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Award Winner ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Contested Knowledge ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

A wide variety of treatment options for depressives have been developed by both the conventional and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) sectors. Using data collected from three online newsgroups as well as in-depth interviews, I analyze how people use information when making or justifying claims, or making decisions, about treatments for depression.Les personnes souffrant de dépression ont une grande variété d'options de traitement à leur disposition, y compris les méthodes conventionnelles et les méthodes complémentaires ou alternatives. À l'aide de données recueillies à partir de trois forums en ligne et d'entrevues en profondeur, j'ai analysé comment les gens utilisent cette information pour déclarer, justifier leurs déclarations ou encore choisir les traitements contre la dépression. ***Student to CAIS/ACSI Award Winner***

scholarly journals E-bike user groups and substitution effects: evidence from longitudinal travel data in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs de Haas ◽  
Maarten Kroesen ◽  
Caspar Chorus ◽  
Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser ◽  
Serge Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mode Of Transport

AbstractIn recent years, the e-bike has become increasingly popular in many European countries. With higher speeds and less effort needed, the e-bike is a promising mode of transport to many, and it is considered a good alternative for certain car trips by policy-makers and planners. A major limitation of many studies that investigate such substitution effects of the e-bike, is their reliance on cross-sectional data which do not allow an assessment of within-person travel mode changes. As a consequence, there is currently no consensus about the e-bike’s potential to replace car trips. Furthermore, there has been little research focusing on heterogeneity among e-bike users. In this respect, it is likely that different groups exist that use the e-bike for different reasons (e.g. leisure vs commute travel), something which will also influence possible substitution patterns. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways: (1) it presents a statistical analysis to assess the extent to which e-bike trips are substituting trips by other travel modes based on longitudinal data; (2) it reveals different user groups among the e-bike population. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model is estimated using five waves of data from the Netherlands Mobility Panel. Furthermore, a Latent Class Analysis is performed using data from the Dutch national travel survey. Results show that, when using longitudinal data, the substitution effects between e-bike and the competing travel modes of car and public transport are not as significant as reported in earlier research. In general, e-bike trips only significantly reduce conventional bicycle trips in the Netherlands, which can be regarded an unwanted effect from a policy-viewpoint. For commuting, the e-bike also substitutes car trips. Furthermore, results show that there are five different user groups with their own distinct behaviour patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. They also show that groups that use the e-bike primarily for commuting or education are growing at a much higher rate than groups that mainly use the e-bike for leisure and shopping purposes.

scholarly journals Higher Handgrip Strength Is Linked to Better Cognitive Performance in Chinese Adults with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Shenghua Lu ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Yuruo Lei ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: There is growing evidence that in adults, higher levels of handgrip strength (HGS) are linked to better cognitive performance. However, the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance has not been sufficiently investigated in special cohorts, such as individuals with hypertension who have an intrinsically higher risk of cognitive decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance in adults with hypertension using data from the Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Methods: A total of 4486 Chinese adults with hypertension from the SAGE were included in this study. Absolute handgrip strength (aHGS in kilograms) was measured using a handheld electronic dynamometer, and cognitive performance was assessed in the domains of short-term memory, delayed memory, and language ability. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between relative handgrip strength (rHGS; aHGS divided by body mass index) and measures of cognitive performance. Results: Overall, higher levels of rHGS were associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.20) and language (β = 0.63) compared with the lowest tertiles of rHGS. In male participants, higher HGS was associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.31), language (β = 0.64), and delayed memory (β = 0.22). There were no associations between rHGS and cognitive performance measures in females. Conclusion: We observed that a higher level of rHGS was associated with better cognitive performance among hypertensive male individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms, including sex-specific differences driving the relationship between measures of HGS and cognitive performance in individuals with hypertension.

scholarly journals Primary repair versus surgical and transcatheter palliation in infants with tetralogy of Fallot

Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (22) ◽  
pp. 1864-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan M Dorobantu ◽  
Alireza S Mahani ◽  
Mansour T A Sharabiani ◽  
Ragini Pandey ◽  
Gianni D Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTreatment of infants with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) has evolved in the last two decades with increasing use of primary surgical repair (PrR) and transcatheter right ventricular outflow tract palliation (RVOTd), and fewer systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (SPS). We aim to report contemporary results using these treatment options in a comparative study.MethodsThis a retrospective study using data from the UK National Congenital Heart Disease Audit. All infants (n=1662, median age 181 days) with ToF and no other complex defects undergoing repair or palliation between 2000 and 2013 were considered. Matching algorithms were used to minimise confounding due to lower age and weight in those palliated.ResultsPatients underwent PrR (n=1244), SPS (n=311) or RVOTd (n=107). Mortality at 12 years was higher when repair or palliation was performed before the age of 60 days rather than after, most significantly for primary repair (18.7% vs 2.2%, P<0.001), less so for RVOTd (10.8% vs 0%, P=0.06) or SPS (12.4% vs 8.3%, P=0.2). In the matched groups of patients, RVOTd was associated with more right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reinterventions (HR=2.3, P=0.05 vs PrR, HR=7.2, P=0.001 vs SPS) and fewer pulmonary valve replacements (PVR) (HR=0.3 vs PrR, P=0.05) at 12 years, with lower mortality after complete repair (HR=0.2 versus PrR, P=0.09).ConclusionsWe found that RVOTd was associated with more RVOT reinterventions, fewer PVR and fewer deaths when compared with PrR in comparable, young infants, especially so in those under 60 days at the time of the first procedure.

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