Identification of Robust Metabotypes Associated With Increased Cardiometabolic Disease Risk- an Approach for Improved Prevention Through Precision Nutrition

Abstract Objectives We hypothesize that individuals can be grouped into robust metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) based on biochemical, anthropometric, gut microbial and metabolomics data and that such metabotypes will reflect differences in cardiometabolic disease risk and can act as targets for tailored nutritional prevention. We furthermore hypothesize that diet-gut microbiota interactions will be major determinants of the metabotypes. Methods Metabotyping is currently performed based on baseline data from 628 Danish adults from a validation sub-study of the Danish Diet Cancer and Health-Next Generation cohort. Participants were followed for one year, also providing data at 6 and 12 months. Dietary data was obtained by food frequency questionnaire and repeated 24h recalls and data on physical activity, smoking, sociodemographic factors, disease prevalence and use of medication was collected by questionnaires. Untargeted metabolomics and gut microbiota are currently determined. Metabotypes will be identified using clustering algorithms, variable optimization and data integration of the plasma metabolome, the 16S rRNA microbiota and 14 biochemical and anthropometric variables. Differences in habitual diet and physical activity across metabotypes will be determined as well as main metabotype determinants and potential plasma metabolite biomarkers. We will also assess the reproducibility of the metabotypes and biomarkers over time. Results Two clusters of individuals were identified by using the currently available clinical and anthropometric data. One of the clusters presented with mean values consistent with overweight, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Next, we will integrate the plasma metabolomics and gut microbial data into the analysis to determine the metabotypes. Conclusions We have identified one higher risk group and one lower risk group for cardiometabolic disease and will identify and characterize metabotypes based on more extensive data. Future research will assess whether individuals belonging to different metabotypes respond differently to dietary interventions. Funding Sources Formas, Sweden.

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The emergence of cardiometabolic disease risk in Chinese children and adults: consequences of changes in diet, physical activity and obesity

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1111/obr.12123 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 49-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

L. S. Adair ◽

P. Gordon-Larsen ◽

S. F. Du ◽

B. Zhang ◽

B. M. Popkin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

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Effectiveness of A Smartphone Directed Physical Activity Program on Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Desk Based Office Employees. A Pragmatic, Two Arm, Parallel, Cluster Randomised Trial

Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal ◽

10.32098/mltj.04.2020.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

T.C. Zongpa ◽

B. Chandrasekaran ◽

A. Arumugam

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Physical Activity Program ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Cluster Randomised Trial ◽

Activity Program ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Office Employees ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

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Gut microbiota composition explains more variance in the host cardiometabolic risk than genetic ancestry

10.1101/394726 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra J. Guzmán-Castañeda ◽

Esteban L. Ortega-Vega ◽

Jacobo de la Cuesta-Zuluaga ◽

Eliana P. Velásquez-Mejía ◽

Winston Rojas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Genetic Ancestry ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Genetic Composition ◽

Gut Microbes ◽

Host Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

AbstractBackgroundCardiometabolic affections greatly contribute to the global burden of disease. The susceptibility to these conditions associates with the ancestral genetic composition and gut microbiota. However, studies explicitly testing associations between genetic ancestry and gut microbes are rare. We examined whether the ancestral genetic composition was associated with gut microbiota, and split apart the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on host health.ResultsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 441 community-dwelling Colombian mestizos from five cities. We characterized the host genetic ancestry using 40 ancestry informative markers and gut microbiota through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We measured variables related to cardiometabolic health (adiposity, blood chemistry and blood pressure), diet (calories, macronutrients and fiber) and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and medicament consumption). The ancestral genetic composition of the studied population was 67±6% European, 21±5% Native American and 12±5% African. While we found limited evidence of associations between genetic ancestry and gut microbiota or disease risk, we observed a strong link between gut microbes and cardiometabolic health. Multivariable-adjusted linear models indicated that gut microbiota was more likely to explain variance in host health than genetic ancestry. Further, we identified 9 OTUs associated with increased disease risk and 11 with decreased risk.ConclusionsGut microbiota seems to be more meaningful to explain cardiometabolic disease risk than genetic ancestry in this mestizo population. Our study suggests that novel ways to control cardiometabolic disease risk, through modulation of the gut microbial community, could be applied regardless of the genetic ancestry of the intervened population.

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Effect of RaceRunning on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and functional mobility in young people with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy: protocol for a feasibility study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e036469

Author(s):

Jennifer Ryan ◽

Nicola Theis ◽

Pelagia Koufaki ◽

Shaun Phillips ◽

Nana Anokye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Young People ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Severe Disability ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

IntroductionThere is consistent evidence that people with cerebral palsy (CP) do not engage in the recommended physical activity guidelines for the general population from a young age. Participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is particularly reduced in people with CP who have a moderate-to-severe disability. RaceRunning is a growing disability sport that provides an opportunity for people with moderate-to-severe disability to participate in physical activity in the community. It allows those who are unable to walk independently to propel themselves using a RaceRunning bike, which has a breastplate for support but no pedals. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of RaceRunning for young people with moderate-to-severe CP and the feasibility of conducting a definitive study of the effect of RaceRunning on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and functional mobility.Methods and analysisTwenty-five young people (age 5–21 years) with CP or acquired brain injury affecting coordination will be included in this single-arm intervention study. Participants will take part in one RaceRunning session each week for 24 weeks. Outcomes assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks include body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, functional mobility, activity competence and psychosocial impact. Adverse events will be systematically recorded throughout the 24 weeks. Focus groups will be conducted with participants and/or parents to explore their views and experiences of taking part in RaceRunning.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been granted by Queen Margaret University Research Ethics Committee (REC) and the South East of Scotland REC. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and distributed to people with CP and their families through RaceRunning and Athletic Clubs, National Health Service trusts and organisations for people with disabilities.Trial registration numberNCT04034342; pre-results.

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An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away – Inter-Relationship Between Apple Consumption, the Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Reduction

Diet-Microbe Interactions in the Gut ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-407825-3.00012-5 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 173-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Athanasios Koutsos ◽

Julie A. Lovegrove

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

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Internet-delivered behavior change program increases physical activity and improves cardiometabolic disease risk factors in sedentary adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 431-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Lucas J. Carr ◽

R. Todd Bartee ◽

Chris Dorozynski ◽

James F. Broomfield ◽

Marci L. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Behavior Change Program ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

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Abstract P301: The Association of Physical Activity and Inflammation is Independent of Central Obesity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p301 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chantal A Vella ◽

Matthew A Allison ◽

Mary Cushman ◽

Nancy S Jenny ◽

Mary P Miles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Purpose: Physical activity is associated with decreased adiposity-related inflammation in adults. Whether this association is independent of central obesity is unknown but important for understanding the mechanisms associated with reducing cardiometabolic disease risk through physical activity. This study examined whether associations of physical activity and obesity-related inflammatory markers were independent of central adiposity. Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, 1970 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis completed detailed health history and physical activity questionnaires, underwent physical measurements including computed tomography to quantify abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, and measurements of adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin. Statistical analyses included analysis of covariance and multivariable-adjusted regression. Results: The mean (range) age of participants was 64.7 (55-84) years and 50% were female. After adjustment for age and sex, and compared to the lowest quartile, inflammatory markers in the highest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were 16% higher for adiponectin and 30%, 26% and 9% lower for leptin, interleukin-6, and resistin, respectively (p<0.05 for all). In linear regression adjusted for demographics, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, glomerular filtration rate, renin and aldosterone, each standard deviation increment of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with significantly higher levels of adiponectin (β=0.04) and lower levels of leptin (β=-0.06), interleukin-6 (β=-0.08), and resistin (β=-0.05, p<0.05 for all). The associations with leptin, interleukin-6, and resistin were independent of total and central adiposity (p<0.05), whereas the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiponectin was attenuated by central adiposity (p>0.05). There were no significant interactions by race/ethnicity or sex. Conclusions: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a more favorable profile of inflammatory markers, independent of relevant cardiometabolic disease risk factors including central obesity.

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The health impact of sedentary behaviour in children and youth

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0446 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 402-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Travis John Saunders

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Movement Variability ◽

Sedentary Behaviours ◽

Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Emerging evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour is independently associated with cardiometabolic disease risk in school-aged children and youth. This thesis includes 4 related studies in the pursuit of 2 objectives: (i) To determine the cross-sectional association of sedentary time, interruptions in sedentary time, sedentary bout length, and total movement variability with markers of cardiometabolic disease risk among children and youth; and (ii) to examine the impact of 1-day of prolonged sedentary behaviour, with and without interruptions or structured physical activity, on markers of cardiometabolic disease risk, hunger, food intake and spontaneous physical activity levels in children and youth. In Study 1, we found that interruptions in sedentary time and short bouts of sedentary time were beneficially associated with clustered cardiometabolic disease risk in boys and girls aged 8–11 years, independent of total sedentary time, moderate-and-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and other confounders (all p < 0.05), while the opposite was true for screen-based sedentary behaviours. In Study 2, we found that movement variability (minute-to-minute changes in movement intensity) was negatively associated with clustered cardiometabolic disease risk and systolic blood pressure independent of MVPA, sedentary time and other covariates in a representative sample of American children and youth aged 12–17 years (all p < 0.05). In Studies 3 and 4, we found that prolonged sitting, with or without interruptions and structured MVPA, did not result in acute changes in markers of cardiometabolic disease risk or subsequent ad libitum food intake or physical activity levels in healthy children aged 10–14 years (all p ≥ 0.05). Taken together, the studies that make up this thesis suggest that optimal levels of cardiometabolic disease risk are most likely to be seen in children who limit their time engaging in screen-based sedentary behaviours, who frequently interrupt their sedentary time, and who have high levels of variability in their movement behaviours.

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