scholarly journals Use of Expressed Breastmilk at Two Weeks Postpartum Is Associated With Early Cessation and Non-exclusive Breastmilk Feeding for Six Months in a Cohort of Vulnerable Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 786-786
Author(s):  
Alison Mildon ◽  
Jane Francis ◽  
Stacia Stewart ◽  
Bronwyn Underhill ◽  
Yi Man Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Prenatal Nutrition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Vulnerable Families

Abstract Objectives Pumping and feeding expressed breastmilk (EBM) in the early postpartum period are common but may not support longer-term breastfeeding outcomes. Our objectives were to examine in a cohort of vulnerable mothers of term-born infants: i) the prevalence of EBM feeding; and ii) associations between EBM use at two weeks and any and exclusive breastmilk feeding over the first six months postpartum. Methods We pooled data from two studies conducted with participants (n = 316) at three Toronto sites implementing the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program, an initiative targeting vulnerable families. Socio-demographic data were collected prenatally or at two weeks postpartum. Household food insecurity was assessed at six months using the Canadian Community Health Survey module. A standardized questionnaire was administered prospectively at two weeks and two, four and six months postpartum to collect data on infant feeding practices in the previous two weeks. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The mean age of participants was 32 years, 91% were born outside Canada and 38% had lived in Canada less than three years. Nearly half (44%) reported household food insecurity. All participants initiated breastfeeding and 34% reported EBM use at two weeks postpartum. This declined to 24% at two months, 14% at four months and 8% at six months postpartum. Over the six-month follow-up period, 20% discontinued any breastmilk feeding and only 16% practiced exclusive breastmilk feeding. In adjusted models, EBM use at two weeks was associated with breastmilk feeding cessation (OR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.4–5.2) and non-exclusive breastmilk feeding for six months postpartum (OR 4.32; 95% CI 1.8–10.5). Conclusions EBM use in the first two weeks was a predictor of early cessation and non-exclusive breastmilk feeding for six months postpartum in our cohort of vulnerable women living in an urban Canadian context and accessing prenatal nutrition programs. Further research is needed to determine whether early EBM use is a marker for breastfeeding difficulties or undermines longer-term breastfeeding outcomes. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health Research; The Sprott Foundation: Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity and Its Association with Behavioral Problems in Children Living in Urban Slums: Findings from Karachi, Pakistan (P04-081-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Shah ◽  
Mehwish Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Objectives To determine prevalence of Household Food Insecurity in urban slums of Karachi To assess children's behavior living in a state of food insecurity in urban slums To relate Household food insecurity with child's behavior Methods The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey; conducted in 12 towns from all six districts of Karachi using multi-stage sampling methods. The structured questionnaire, comprised of Socio-demographic information, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Child's behaviour questionnaire (CBQ) was conducted among 400 mothers of children bearing age 3 to 11 years living in urban slums. Correlation of HFIAS and CBQ scores were measured by Spearman's correlation coefficient. Generalized linear regression analysis was performed to determine relationship between scores of food insecurity and child behavior. Results Every two out of three households were found food insecure. 70% of households were worried for shortage of food in past month. Almost all households endured insufficient quality (95%) while 84.2% households did not have sufficient quantity of food in past month. Overall 70% mothers reported behavioral problems in their children; of which solitary and aggressiveness were the most common behavioral problems. Subsequent misbehavior reported were: avoiding going to school, stressed, impetuous, fearful, somatic complaints, bullied and not confident. Correlation between food insecurity and child misbehavior was significantly positive. One additional household with food insecurity increased 26.7% behavioral problems in children in urban slums. Conclusions Food insecurity in slum areas of Karachi is rampant. Behavioral problems in children living in areas with food insecurity are at subsequent high risk. Strategies must be derived for related interventions to reduce these psycho-social problems in addition to socioeconomic problems. Funding Sources No funding was available for the research. Authors conduction self research.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity among recent immigrants to Canada: A quantitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kohnen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background: Immigrants comprise over one-fifth of the Canadian population and are consistently shown to have a higher prevalence of household food insecurity than the general population. Methods: Using the 2011 Canadian Community Health Survey, a multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate immigration, economic and household characteristics for associations with increased odds of food insecurity. Results: Number of years since arrival, region of birth, region of settlement within Canada and non-use of an official language in the household are significantly associated with household food insecurity as are some economic and household characteristics. Households present for 6-10 years have higher odds of being food insecure than those which arrived more recently, and households in which neither English nor French are spoken are less likely than others to be food insecure. Discussion: Further research is required in order to determine what places certain immigrant households at higher risk of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity among recent immigrants to Canada: A quantitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kohnen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background: Immigrants comprise over one-fifth of the Canadian population and are consistently shown to have a higher prevalence of household food insecurity than the general population. Methods: Using the 2011 Canadian Community Health Survey, a multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate immigration, economic and household characteristics for associations with increased odds of food insecurity. Results: Number of years since arrival, region of birth, region of settlement within Canada and non-use of an official language in the household are significantly associated with household food insecurity as are some economic and household characteristics. Households present for 6-10 years have higher odds of being food insecure than those which arrived more recently, and households in which neither English nor French are spoken are less likely than others to be food insecure. Discussion: Further research is required in order to determine what places certain immigrant households at higher risk of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Women respondents report higher household food insecurity than do men in similar Canadian households

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Matheson ◽  
Lynn McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated factors accounting for the consistently higher levels of household food insecurity reported by women in Canada.DesignTwo cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey for the years 2005/2006 and 2007/2008 were pooled to examine the association between household food insecurity, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module and other metrics, and respondent sex. We stratified households as married/cohabiting (in which case, the household respondent was chosen randomly) or non-married (single/widowed/separated/divorced) and adjusted for differences in household characteristics, including the presence of children.SettingCanada.SubjectsAnalysis was restricted to households dependent on employment/self-employment and whose reported annual household income was below $CAN 100 000. Exclusions included respondents less than 18 years of age, any welfare receipt, and missing food insecurity, marital status, income source and amount, or household composition data.ResultsFor non-married households, increased food insecurity in female-v. male-led households was accounted for by significant differences in household socio-economic characteristics. In contrast, in married/cohabiting households with or without children, higher food insecurity rates were reported when the respondent was female and neither respondent characteristics nor socio-economic factors accounted for the differences.ConclusionsHigher rates of food insecurity in non-married households in Canada are largely attributable to women's socio-economic disadvantage. In married households, women appear to report higher levels of food insecurity than men. These findings suggest a possible bias in the measurement of population-level household food insecurity in surveys that do not account for the sex of the respondent in married/cohabiting households.

scholarly journals Assessing the Household Food Insecurity Status and Coping Strategies in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbule Oluwafunke Opeyemi ◽  
Okekhian Kindness Lovely ◽  
Omidiran Adebukola Tolulope
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Household Food ◽  
And Coping

Background: High prevalence of food insecurity experienced by many households in developing countries predisposes them to adopting coping strategies (CSs), some of which may put them at risk of malnutrition. This study assessed the household food insecurity status and CSs in Abeokuta. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 250 households were randomly selected in all communities in Odeda Local Government Area, Abeokuta. Interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data. Household food insecurity (HFI) status and coping strategy were assessed using HFI experience scale and CS index questionnaires. The CSs were categorised as food, financial as well as both food and financial compromization. Data were reported by frequencies and percentages. Chi-square was run to determine the association among variables at P <0.05. Results: The majority (84.4%) of respondents were food insecure, of whom 26.5%, 35.5%, and 22.4% were food insecure mildly, moderately, and severely, respectively.  Moreover, 99.6% took loan, sold sheep and goat, ate once a day, ate rice without stew, sold hen and turkey, took food loan, and reduced food quality and quantity as CS. A significant association exists between CS categories and food insecurity status (P < 0.001). In addition, access to land (P = 0.00), farm (P = 0.04), paved-road (P = 0.01), information (P = 0.04), and market (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with HFI status. Conclusion: The prevalence of food insecurity was high and most households adopted CS that reduced both food quality and quantity and could adversely affect their nutritional status and predisposed them to multiple forms of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity Amid the COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria: Do Impacts on Food Insecurity Persist After Lockdowns End?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
Elena Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Household Food ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives In response to a rapid rise in COVID-19 cases in Nigeria in March and April 2020, governments in some states imposed lockdowns. While lockdowns may be crucial for disease prevention and control, they also disrupt food systems and economic activity and may have devastating impacts on vulnerable households. This study uses longitudinal data to examine trends in household food insecurity in Nigeria just after lockdowns were imposed and at multiple points later in 2020, and assesses the impacts of lockdowns in spring 2020 on household food insecurity. Methods This study utilizes data from the Nigerian General Household Survey 2018/19 and the first seven rounds of the LSMS-ISA National Longitudinal Panel Survey on COVID-19 collected between April-November 2020. We assess trends in household food insecurity, as measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and use a difference-in-difference design to estimate the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on household food insecurity. Results Household food insecurity in Nigeria increased significantly between Jan/Feb 2019 and the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in April/May 2020. As the pandemic continued, food insecurity decreased between April/May and November of 2020 for all items in the FIES yet remained significantly higher than before the pandemic began. Difference-in-difference models, however, suggest that the lockdowns that were imposed in some Nigerian states did not significantly increase household food insecurity. Conclusions When lockdowns were imposed in response to COVID-19 outbreaks in early 2020, many researchers and policymakers worried that households in low- and middle-income countries, many of which rely on informal work and/or daily wages for their livelihoods, would be vulnerable to food insecurity and hunger. Still, lockdowns are a key public health strategy for slowing the spread of infectious disease. As we continue to address COVID-19 and prepare for new emerging infectious diseases, we must weigh the risks and benefits strategies such as lockdowns. These results will help policymakers understand how measures to prevent and control COVID-19 influence livelihoods during a prolonged public health crisis. Funding Sources This study does not have any funding sources.

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Skinner ◽  
Rhona M Hanning ◽  
Leonard JS Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
First Nations People

AbstractObjectiveTo measure and describe the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in a remote on-reserve First Nations community using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and to evaluate the perceived relevance of the HFSSM for this population.DesignHousehold food security status was determined from the eighteen-item HFSSM following the classifications developed by Health Canada for the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2·2 Nutrition. One adult from each household in the community was invited to complete the HFSSM and to comment on its relevance as a tool to measure food security for First Nations communities.SettingSub-Arctic Ontario, Canada.SubjectsHouseholds (n64).ResultsSeventy per cent of households were food insecure, 17 % severely and 53 % moderately. The prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was 76 %. Among respondents from homes rated as having severe food insecurity, all (100 %) reported worrying that food would run out, times when food didn't last and there wasn't money to buy more, and times when they couldn't afford to eat balanced meals. The majority of respondents felt the HFSSM did not capture an accurate picture of food security for their situation. Aspects missing from the HFSSM included the high cost of market food and the incorporation of traditional food practices.ConclusionsA high prevalence of household food insecurity was reported in this community. On-reserve remote First Nations communities may be more susceptible to food insecurity than off-reserve Aboriginal populations. Initiatives that promote food security for this vulnerable population are needed.

Food insecurity and migraine in Canada

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Dooley ◽  
Kevin E Gordon ◽  
Stefan Kuhle
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Weighted Point

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of household food insecurity in individuals reporting migraine within a large population-based sample of Canadians. Methods The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) uses a stratified cluster sample design to obtain information on Canadians ≥12 years of age. Data on household food insecurity were assessed for individuals who reported having migraine or not, providing a current point prevalence. This was assessed for stability in two CCHS datasets from four and eight years earlier. Factors associated with food insecurity among those reporting migraine were examined and a logistic regression model of food insecurity was developed. We also examined whether food insecurity was associated with other reported chronic health conditions. Results Of 48,645 eligible survey respondents, 4614 reported having migraine (weighted point prevalence 10.2%). Food insecurity was reported by 14.8% who reported migraine compared with 6.8% of those not reporting migraine, giving an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 2.0–2.8%). This risk estimate was stable over the previous eight years. The higher risk for food insecurity was not unique to migraine and was seen with some, but not all, chronic health conditions reported in the CCHS. Conclusions Food insecurity is more frequent among individuals reporting migraine in Canada.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity in underserved urban settlements in Sri Lanka: a prospective follow up study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Renuka Jayatissa ◽  
Himali Herath ◽  
Amila Gayan Perera ◽  
Thulasika Thejani Dayaratne ◽  
Nawmali Dhanuska De Alwis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urban Settlements

Abstract Objectives: To determine changes and factors associated with child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity before and after the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A prospective follow up study. Setting: In 2019, the baseline Urban Health and Nutrition Study (UHNS-2019) was conducted in 603 households, which were selected randomly from 30 clusters to represent underserved urban settlements in Colombo. In the present study, 35% of households from the UHNS-2019 cohort were randomly selected for repeat interviews, one year after the baseline study and 6 months after COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. Height/length and weight of children and women were re-measured, household food insecurity was reassessed, and associated factors were gathered through interviewer administered questionnaires. Differences in measurements at baseline and follow-up studies were compared. Participants: A total of 207 households, comprising 127 women and 109 children were included. Results: The current prevalence of children with wasting and overweight was higher in the follow-up study than at baseline UHNS-2019 (18.3%vs13.7%;p=0.26 and 8.3%vs3.7%;p=0.12 respectively). There was a decrease in prevalence of child stunting (14.7%vs11.9%;p=0.37). A change was not observed in overall obesity in women, which was around 30.7%. Repeated lockdown was associated with a significant reduction in food security from 57% in UHNS-2019 to 30% in the current study (p<0.001). Conclusions: There was an increase in wasting and overweight among children while women had a persistent high prevalence of obesity. This population needs suitable interventions to improve nutrition status of children and women to minimise susceptibility to COVID-19.

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