scholarly journals Household food insecurity among recent immigrants to Canada: A quantitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kohnen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background: Immigrants comprise over one-fifth of the Canadian population and are consistently shown to have a higher prevalence of household food insecurity than the general population. Methods: Using the 2011 Canadian Community Health Survey, a multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate immigration, economic and household characteristics for associations with increased odds of food insecurity. Results: Number of years since arrival, region of birth, region of settlement within Canada and non-use of an official language in the household are significantly associated with household food insecurity as are some economic and household characteristics. Households present for 6-10 years have higher odds of being food insecure than those which arrived more recently, and households in which neither English nor French are spoken are less likely than others to be food insecure. Discussion: Further research is required in order to determine what places certain immigrant households at higher risk of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity among recent immigrants to Canada: A quantitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kohnen
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background: Immigrants comprise over one-fifth of the Canadian population and are consistently shown to have a higher prevalence of household food insecurity than the general population. Methods: Using the 2011 Canadian Community Health Survey, a multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate immigration, economic and household characteristics for associations with increased odds of food insecurity. Results: Number of years since arrival, region of birth, region of settlement within Canada and non-use of an official language in the household are significantly associated with household food insecurity as are some economic and household characteristics. Households present for 6-10 years have higher odds of being food insecure than those which arrived more recently, and households in which neither English nor French are spoken are less likely than others to be food insecure. Discussion: Further research is required in order to determine what places certain immigrant households at higher risk of food insecurity.

Food Insecurity in Canadian Adults: Receiving Diabetes Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. e261-e266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Galesloot ◽  
Lynn McIntyre ◽  
Tanis Fenton ◽  
Sheila Tyminski
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Active Care

Purpose: The prevalence of adult-level household food insecurity was examined among clients receiving outpatient diabetes health care services. Methods: Participants were adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, who attended individual counselling sessions at Calgary's main clinic from January to April 2010. Clinicians were trained to administer the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), and did so with clients’ assent during their scheduled sessions. Results: The prevalence of adult-level household food insecurity among 314 respondents was 15.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.2 to 19.4); 6.7% (95% CI, 4.2 to 10.0) of clinic attendees were categorized as severely food insecure. The comparable rates obtained in Alberta in 2007 using the same instrument (HFSSM) were 5.6% and 1.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Household food insecurity rates among individuals with diabetes in active care are higher than rates reported in Canadian population surveys. Severe food insecurity, indicating reduced food intake and disrupted eating patterns, may affect this population's ability to follow a pattern of healthy eating necessary for effective diabetes management. This study reinforces the importance of assessing clients’ inability to access food because of financial constraints, and indicates that screening with a validated measure may facilitate identification of clients at risk.

scholarly journals Use of Expressed Breastmilk at Two Weeks Postpartum Is Associated With Early Cessation and Non-exclusive Breastmilk Feeding for Six Months in a Cohort of Vulnerable Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 786-786
Author(s):  
Alison Mildon ◽  
Jane Francis ◽  
Stacia Stewart ◽  
Bronwyn Underhill ◽  
Yi Man Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Prenatal Nutrition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Vulnerable Families

Abstract Objectives Pumping and feeding expressed breastmilk (EBM) in the early postpartum period are common but may not support longer-term breastfeeding outcomes. Our objectives were to examine in a cohort of vulnerable mothers of term-born infants: i) the prevalence of EBM feeding; and ii) associations between EBM use at two weeks and any and exclusive breastmilk feeding over the first six months postpartum. Methods We pooled data from two studies conducted with participants (n = 316) at three Toronto sites implementing the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program, an initiative targeting vulnerable families. Socio-demographic data were collected prenatally or at two weeks postpartum. Household food insecurity was assessed at six months using the Canadian Community Health Survey module. A standardized questionnaire was administered prospectively at two weeks and two, four and six months postpartum to collect data on infant feeding practices in the previous two weeks. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The mean age of participants was 32 years, 91% were born outside Canada and 38% had lived in Canada less than three years. Nearly half (44%) reported household food insecurity. All participants initiated breastfeeding and 34% reported EBM use at two weeks postpartum. This declined to 24% at two months, 14% at four months and 8% at six months postpartum. Over the six-month follow-up period, 20% discontinued any breastmilk feeding and only 16% practiced exclusive breastmilk feeding. In adjusted models, EBM use at two weeks was associated with breastmilk feeding cessation (OR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.4–5.2) and non-exclusive breastmilk feeding for six months postpartum (OR 4.32; 95% CI 1.8–10.5). Conclusions EBM use in the first two weeks was a predictor of early cessation and non-exclusive breastmilk feeding for six months postpartum in our cohort of vulnerable women living in an urban Canadian context and accessing prenatal nutrition programs. Further research is needed to determine whether early EBM use is a marker for breastfeeding difficulties or undermines longer-term breastfeeding outcomes. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health Research; The Sprott Foundation: Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition.

scholarly journals Dietary Consumption Patterns and Their Predictors Among Young Children in Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 624-624
Author(s):  
Emily Becher ◽  
Jennie Davis ◽  
Sika Kumordzie ◽  
K. Ryan Wessells ◽  
Charles Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Residence Location

Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence and frequency of consumption of vegetables, fruits, sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), salty and sweet snacks and the relationship between consumption and household characteristics (residence location, food insecurity, and socioeconomic status [SES]) among children 2–5 years of age in two districts in the Northern region of Ghana. Methods Households were recruited from 14 urban, 8 semi-urban and 6 rural clusters in the Tolon and Kumbungu districts in Northern Ghana. Primary caregivers of children 2–5 years (n = 242) reported the number of days in a typical week selected food items were consumed, and the number of servings per day. Household characteristics, food insecurity (USAID Household Food Insecurity Access Scale) and SES, were assessed via questionnaires administered to the head of household. We examined the relationships between consumption of each food and 1) residence (urban vs. semi-urban/rural), 2) household food insecurity (moderate/severe vs. none/mild) and 3) household SES (lowest quartile vs. other quartiles). Results The proportion of children who consumed each food in a typical week was: 98% vegetables, 81% sweet snacks, and 75% fruits; approximately half of children consumed salty snacks (51%) or SSBs (46%). Mean (SD) servings consumed in a typical week were: 7.85 (7.32) vegetables, 2.82 (2.51) sweet snacks, 2.54 (3.69) SSBs, 1.77 (1.70) fruits, and 1.17 (1.67) salty snacks. Consumption of fruits (82% vs 68%, p = 0.01) and sweet snacks (91% vs 71%, p < 0.0001) was more common in urban areas than in rural areas, but consumption of vegetables, salty snacks, and SSBs was not associated with residence location. Household food insecurity and SES were not associated with consumption of any of the foods examined. Conclusions Although quantitative intake data were not available, these data suggest that, on average fruit and vegetable intake may be low relative to Ghana Dietary and Physical Activity Guidelines for daily servings, while SSBs and sweetened snacks are common. Eating patterns among young children may differ between urban and rural environments within these two districts. Funding Sources Funding was provided to UC Davis from Helen Keller International.

scholarly journals Women respondents report higher household food insecurity than do men in similar Canadian households

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Matheson ◽  
Lynn McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated factors accounting for the consistently higher levels of household food insecurity reported by women in Canada.DesignTwo cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey for the years 2005/2006 and 2007/2008 were pooled to examine the association between household food insecurity, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module and other metrics, and respondent sex. We stratified households as married/cohabiting (in which case, the household respondent was chosen randomly) or non-married (single/widowed/separated/divorced) and adjusted for differences in household characteristics, including the presence of children.SettingCanada.SubjectsAnalysis was restricted to households dependent on employment/self-employment and whose reported annual household income was below $CAN 100 000. Exclusions included respondents less than 18 years of age, any welfare receipt, and missing food insecurity, marital status, income source and amount, or household composition data.ResultsFor non-married households, increased food insecurity in female-v. male-led households was accounted for by significant differences in household socio-economic characteristics. In contrast, in married/cohabiting households with or without children, higher food insecurity rates were reported when the respondent was female and neither respondent characteristics nor socio-economic factors accounted for the differences.ConclusionsHigher rates of food insecurity in non-married households in Canada are largely attributable to women's socio-economic disadvantage. In married households, women appear to report higher levels of food insecurity than men. These findings suggest a possible bias in the measurement of population-level household food insecurity in surveys that do not account for the sex of the respondent in married/cohabiting households.

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of household food insecurity of First Nations people living in an on-reserve, sub-Arctic community within the Mushkegowuk Territory

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Skinner ◽  
Rhona M Hanning ◽  
Leonard JS Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
First Nations People

AbstractObjectiveTo measure and describe the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in a remote on-reserve First Nations community using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and to evaluate the perceived relevance of the HFSSM for this population.DesignHousehold food security status was determined from the eighteen-item HFSSM following the classifications developed by Health Canada for the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2·2 Nutrition. One adult from each household in the community was invited to complete the HFSSM and to comment on its relevance as a tool to measure food security for First Nations communities.SettingSub-Arctic Ontario, Canada.SubjectsHouseholds (n64).ResultsSeventy per cent of households were food insecure, 17 % severely and 53 % moderately. The prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was 76 %. Among respondents from homes rated as having severe food insecurity, all (100 %) reported worrying that food would run out, times when food didn't last and there wasn't money to buy more, and times when they couldn't afford to eat balanced meals. The majority of respondents felt the HFSSM did not capture an accurate picture of food security for their situation. Aspects missing from the HFSSM included the high cost of market food and the incorporation of traditional food practices.ConclusionsA high prevalence of household food insecurity was reported in this community. On-reserve remote First Nations communities may be more susceptible to food insecurity than off-reserve Aboriginal populations. Initiatives that promote food security for this vulnerable population are needed.

Food insecurity and migraine in Canada

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Dooley ◽  
Kevin E Gordon ◽  
Stefan Kuhle
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Weighted Point

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of household food insecurity in individuals reporting migraine within a large population-based sample of Canadians. Methods The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) uses a stratified cluster sample design to obtain information on Canadians ≥12 years of age. Data on household food insecurity were assessed for individuals who reported having migraine or not, providing a current point prevalence. This was assessed for stability in two CCHS datasets from four and eight years earlier. Factors associated with food insecurity among those reporting migraine were examined and a logistic regression model of food insecurity was developed. We also examined whether food insecurity was associated with other reported chronic health conditions. Results Of 48,645 eligible survey respondents, 4614 reported having migraine (weighted point prevalence 10.2%). Food insecurity was reported by 14.8% who reported migraine compared with 6.8% of those not reporting migraine, giving an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 2.0–2.8%). This risk estimate was stable over the previous eight years. The higher risk for food insecurity was not unique to migraine and was seen with some, but not all, chronic health conditions reported in the CCHS. Conclusions Food insecurity is more frequent among individuals reporting migraine in Canada.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity in underserved urban settlements in Sri Lanka: a prospective follow up study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Renuka Jayatissa ◽  
Himali Herath ◽  
Amila Gayan Perera ◽  
Thulasika Thejani Dayaratne ◽  
Nawmali Dhanuska De Alwis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urban Settlements

Abstract Objectives: To determine changes and factors associated with child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity before and after the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A prospective follow up study. Setting: In 2019, the baseline Urban Health and Nutrition Study (UHNS-2019) was conducted in 603 households, which were selected randomly from 30 clusters to represent underserved urban settlements in Colombo. In the present study, 35% of households from the UHNS-2019 cohort were randomly selected for repeat interviews, one year after the baseline study and 6 months after COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. Height/length and weight of children and women were re-measured, household food insecurity was reassessed, and associated factors were gathered through interviewer administered questionnaires. Differences in measurements at baseline and follow-up studies were compared. Participants: A total of 207 households, comprising 127 women and 109 children were included. Results: The current prevalence of children with wasting and overweight was higher in the follow-up study than at baseline UHNS-2019 (18.3%vs13.7%;p=0.26 and 8.3%vs3.7%;p=0.12 respectively). There was a decrease in prevalence of child stunting (14.7%vs11.9%;p=0.37). A change was not observed in overall obesity in women, which was around 30.7%. Repeated lockdown was associated with a significant reduction in food security from 57% in UHNS-2019 to 30% in the current study (p<0.001). Conclusions: There was an increase in wasting and overweight among children while women had a persistent high prevalence of obesity. This population needs suitable interventions to improve nutrition status of children and women to minimise susceptibility to COVID-19.

Determinants of food insecurity among elderly people: findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Moses Mosonsieyiri Kansanga ◽  
Yujiro Sano ◽  
Isaac Bayor ◽  
Joseph Asumah Braimah ◽  
Abraham Marshall Nunbogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Health Survey

Abstract Food insecurity among elderly people is a major public health concern due to its association with several health conditions. Despite growing research and implementation of diverse income-based policy measures, food insecurity among elderly people remains a major policy issue in Canada. Additional research could inform food policy beyond strategies that target improving the financial resources of elderly people. Drawing data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (N = 24,930), we explored the correlates of food insecurity among older adults using negative log-log logistic regression techniques. Our findings show that certain categories of elderly people are more prone to food insecurity. These segments include seniors who are visible minorities (OR = 1.29, p < 0.01), live alone (OR = 1.13, p < 0.05), have a very weak sense of community belonging (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001), in poor physical health (OR = 1.20, p < 0.01), and those in lower age and income categories. These findings corroborate previous studies that demonstrate that food insecurity among elderly people is a complex phenomenon influenced by diverse socio-economic factors. In Canada, food security policies targeted at elderly people have largely prioritised poverty alleviation through income support programmes. While these programmes can improve the purchasing power of elderly people, they may not be sufficient in ensuring food security. There is a need to embrace and further investigate an integrated approach that pays attention to other contextual socio-economic dynamics.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity and health in a high migration area in rural Honduras

2021 ◽  
pp. 100885
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Nicholas A. Christakis ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
High Migration
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