scholarly journals A High-Fiber Diet Intervention Improves Diet Quality and Is Related to Blood Pressure and Bacteriome Composition in Caregiver-Child Dyads

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1168-1168
Author(s):  
Brett Loman ◽  
Emily Hill ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
Jiangjiang Zhu ◽  
Amrik Singh Khalsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Abstract Objectives High-fiber dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular health and intestinal microbiome composition. Caregivers influence diets of children, affecting dyadic health and microbiomes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between changes in caregiver diet quality and caregiver and child: 1) systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 2) fecal bacteriome composition. Methods Caregiver-child (age 8–9 years) dyads were randomized to either a 10-week high-fiber diet intervention (fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) or control. Caregiver diet quality (30-day FFQs and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)), and caregiver and child SBP and fecal samples were collected pre- and post-intervention. Fecal bacteriomes were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. HEI and SBP were tested via 2-way ANOVA. Bacteriome differentials (i.e., ratio of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with related relative abundances) associated with HEI were identified via Songbird and Qurro. Caregiver HEI was used to guide differential assembly in caregiver bacteriomes and as a proxy for child diet quality to guide differential assembly in child bacteriomes. Pearson correlations assessed inter-data relationships. Results Complete data were collected from 19 caregivers and 16 children. Intervention caregivers increased total (T) HEI (+4.4 vs − 1.7 points, P = 0.047) and whole grain (WG) HEI component scores (+1.7 vs 0 points, P = 0.014) compared to control. WG-HEI was correlated with caregiver SBP (r = −0.37, P = 0.046). T-HEI was correlated with caregiver and child T-HEI bacteriome differentials (r = 0.36, P = 0.027 and r = 0.57, P = 0.001). WG-HEI correlated with caregiver and child WG-HEI bacteriome differentials (r = 0.45, P = 0.013 and r = 0.60, P < 0.001). Child WG-HEI differential correlated with child SBP (r = −0.46, P = 0.01). Five ASVs were shared between caregiver and child T-HEI bacteriome differentials, implying shared bacterial responses to intervention. Conclusions A high-fiber dietary intervention positively impacts diet quality and is related to changes in SBP and bacteriome composition in caregiver-child dyads. Metabolites derived from bacterial metabolism of dietary fiber should be investigated for their role in blood pressure. Funding Sources USDA NIFA, Nationwide Children's Hospital.

scholarly journals Metagenome-Scale Metabolic Network Suggests Folate Produced by Bifidobacterium longum Might Contribute to High-Fiber-Diet-Induced Weight Loss in a Prader–Willi Syndrome Child

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Baoyu Xiang ◽  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Menghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Gut-microbiota-targeted nutrition intervention has achieved success in the management of obesity, but its underlying mechanism still needs extended exploration. An obese Prader–Willi syndrome boy lost 25.8 kg after receiving a high-fiber dietary intervention for 105 days. The fecal microbiome sequencing data taken from the boy on intervention days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 105, along with clinical indexes, were used to construct a metagenome-scale metabolic network. Firstly, the abundances of the microbial strains were obtained by mapping the sequencing reads onto the assembly of gut organisms through use of reconstruction and analysis (AGORA) genomes. The nutritional components of the diet were obtained through the Virtual Metabolic Human database. Then, a community model was simulated using the Microbiome Modeling Toolbox. Finally, the significant Spearman correlations among the metabolites and the clinical indexes were screened and the strains that were producing these metabolites were identified. The high-fiber diet reduced the overall amount of metabolite secretions, but the secretions of folic acid derivatives by Bifidobacterium longum strains were increased and were significantly relevant to the observed weight loss. Reduced metabolites might also have directly contributed to the weight loss or indirectly contribute by enhancing leptin and decreasing adiponectin. Metagenome-scale metabolic network technology provides a cost-efficient solution for screening the functional microbial strains and metabolic pathways that are responding to nutrition therapy.

scholarly journals Short-term Low Glycemic Diet Improves Diet Quality But Not Feelings of Hunger or Salivary Ghrelin Levels in Preschoolers: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 411-411
Author(s):  
Faten Hasan ◽  
Arthur Weltman ◽  
James Patrie ◽  
Bruce Gaylinn ◽  
Sibylle Kranz
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The University

Abstract Objectives Internal and external factors, including glycemic index (GI), regulate food intake in adults, but little is known about the effect of GI on appetite in children. We examined how low- GI (high fiber) diet changed energy intake, diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)), self-reported feelings of hunger, and salivary ghrelin in preschoolers. Methods In this prospective, randomly controlled clinical trial of 22 healthy preschoolers (age 48 ± 7.2 mo, 31.8% females, 73% normal weight) participated in 4 “day camps” of 2 low-GI (INT) and 2 high-GI (CON) days at the Laboratory. Intake, HEI-2015 scores, and pre- and post-lunch hunger ratings were measured. In a subsample of n = 7, salivary ghrelin (pre-prandial, 60- and 120- min post-prandial) were measured. Ordinal GEE regression models and proportional (prop) odds ratios were used to compare appetite ratings; geometric means were used to compare intakes, diet quality, and ghrelin levels. Results On the INT diet, children had more fiber (P < 0.001) and lower GI and GL (P < 0.01), but energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes were similar. Mean HEI-2015 scores were 85.2 and 59.4 on INT and CON, respectively (P < 0.01). Hunger ratings and salivary ghrelin levels were not different between the diets; hunger ratings were not correlated with ghrelin levels. Assessment time was the only significant predictor of appetite at 60-min (OR = 2.04 95% CI: 1.30, 3.19, P = 0.002) and 120-min (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.38, P = 0.022). Children who reported feeling “hungry” pre-prandial were more likely to report “full” at 60-min on INT (Prob 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.68) versus CON (Prob 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.66). The opposite trend was observed at 120-min, as those who had reported “hungry” were more likely to report “full” on CON (Prob 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.62) versus INT (Probability 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.45). Conclusions The intervention showed significant better diet quality and lower GI/GL on the INT diet, but no differences in hunger or salivary ghrelin levels. Surprisingly, salivary ghrelin was not correlated with hunger ratings, suggesting a need to better understand the role of ghrelin on appetite regulation in children. Funding Sources This study was funded by the University of Virginia Curry Initiative Fund.

scholarly journals Gut Microbial SNPs Induced by High-Fiber Diet Dominate Nutrition Metabolism and Environmental Adaption of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Obese Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Menghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Dietary intervention is effective in human health promotion through modulation of gut microbiota. Diet can cause single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to occur in the gut microbiota, and some of these variations may lead to functional changes in human health. In this study, we performed a systematic SNP analysis based on metagenomic data collected from children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS, n = 17) and simple obese (SO) children (n = 19), who had better healthy conditions after receiving high-fiber diet intervention. We found that the intervention increased the SNP proportions of Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium and decreased those of Bacteroides in all children. Besides, the PWS children had Collinsella increased and Ruminococcus decreased, whereas the SO had Blautia and Escherichia decreased. There were much more BiasSNPs in PWS than in SO (4,465 vs 303), and only 81 of them appeared in both groups, of which 78 were from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and 51 were nonsynonymous mutations. These nonsynonymous variations were mainly related to pathways of environmental adaptation and nutrition metabolism, particularly to carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, dominant strains carrying BiasSNPs in all children shifted from F. prausnitzii AF32-8AC and F. prausnitzii 942/30-2 to F. prausnitzii SSTS Bg7063 and F. prausnitzii JG BgPS064 after the dietary intervention. Furthermore, although the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly by the intervention and became dominant strains responsible for nutrition metabolism, they had less BiasSNPs between the pre- and post-intervention group in comparison with Faecalibacterium. The finding of F. prausnitzii as important functional strains influenced by the intervention highlights the superiority of applying SNP analysis in studies of gut microbiota. This study provided evidence and support for the effect of dietary intervention on gut microbial SNPs, and gave some enlightenments for disease treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Diet on the Effect of the Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei in Rats Suffering From Allergic Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Xie ◽  
Jiaping Song ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Yinhui Liu ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Mounting evidence suggests that probiotics can be used to treat allergic asthma by modulating the gut microbiota, and that the effects of probiotics may be influenced by environmental factors such as diet. We conducted a rat model with allergic asthma (AA) modulated by Lactobacillus paracasei, feeding up with high-fat or high-fiber diets based on collecting data from 85 questionnaires. The systemic proinflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and the overall structure of fecal microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed consumption of a high-fiber diet alleviated the allergic symptoms and airway inflammation, and led to improving the imbalance of T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells with increased expression of interferon-γ and decreased expression of interleukin-4. Whereas, the high-fat diet had deteriorating implications and skewed the inflammatory perturbation. Furthermore, abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, families Muribaculaceae, Tannerellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Enterococcaceae, genera Allobaculum, Parabacteroides, and Enterococcus were enriched in L. paracasei-modulating rats fed with high-fiber diet. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae, genera Blautia, unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, unidentified_Clostridiales and Oscillibacter were in relatively high abundance in the rats administered high-fat diet. Association between changed microbiota and inflammatory cytokines was also conferred. These data indicated that the efficacy of L. paracasei in allergic asthma was influenced by different dietary patterns. Hence, diet is important for probiotic therapy when managing allergic asthma.

P063 A COMPREHENSIVE, MULTIOMIC DIET INTERVENTION STUDY COMPARING A LOW FAT, HIGH FIBER DIET TO AN IDEALIZED STANDARD AMERICAN DIET IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. S14
Author(s):  
Julia Fritsch ◽  
Alejandra Quintero ◽  
Judith Pignac-Kobinger ◽  
Luis Garces ◽  
Ana Santander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

scholarly journals Diet quality in relation to the risk of hypertension among Iranian adults: cross-sectional analysis of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Motamedi ◽  
Maryam Ekramzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Reza Homayounfar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Abstract Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease with various complications and is a main contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of diet quality, assessed by dietary diversity score (DDS), Mediterranean dietary score (MDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the risk of hypertension. Methods This study recruited a total of 10,111 individuals (45.14% male) with mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years from the Fasa Cohort Study, Iran. Indices of diet quality, including MDS, HEI-2015, DQI-I, and DDS were computed by a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were diagnosed as hypertensive if they had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg,, or used antihypertensive drugs. Results Hypertension was prevalent in 28.3% of the population (21.59% in males and 33.74% in females). In the whole population, after adjustment for potential covariates, including daily energy intake, age, gender, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and the level of education, higher adherence to the MDS (OR: 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75–0.99) and HEI-2015 (OR: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.68–0.90) was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. The protective effect of HEI-2015 against hypertension remained significant for both males (OR: 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64–0.99) and females (OR: 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66–0.94), while, for MDS, this relationship disappeared in the subgroup analysis by gender. DQI-I and DDS were not related to the odds of hypertension. Conclusions Adhering to MDS and HEI-2015 diets could contribute to the prevention of hypertension.

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