scholarly journals Serum Carotenoid Concentrations Are Weakly Associated with Reported Fatty Acid Intake in U.S. Adults (P02-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambria Crusan ◽  
Marla Reicks ◽  
Susan Raatz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Specific Fatty Acid ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives Dietary carotenoids β-carotene (BCAR), lutein (LUT), and lycopene (LYC) are sourced from fruits and vegetables. The bioavailability of carotenoids is dependent on multiple post-digestion factors, especially the presence of fat in the diet. However, there is a gap in knowledge about whether specific fatty acid classes affect serum carotenoid concentrations. Our primary objective was to assess the association between carotenoid concentrations and reported intake of specific fatty acid classes, utilizing data from What We Eat in America (WWEIA)/National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Methods Data from 9182 male and female participants 20–85 years of age in the NHANES 2003–2006 nationally representative, cross-sectional survey were analyzed to determine the relationships between BCAR, LUT, and LYC concentrations and reported saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid intakes. Due to skewing, we log transformed BCAR. Multiple linear regression estimated the association between carotenoid concentrations and reported fatty acid intakes adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Results Mean and SE were 2.5 ± 0.9 µg/dL for BCAR, 16.2 ± 8.7 µg/dL for LUT, and 21.8 ± 11.0 µg/dL for LYC. Mean and SE were 26.7 ± 16.9 g for SFA, 30.4 ± 18.4 g for MUFA, and 17.2 ± 11.6 g for PUFA. Significant associations were observed among BCAR concentrations and SFA (r = −0.15, P < 0.001) and MUFA (r = −0.14, P < 0.001), LUT and SFA (r = −0.06, P < 0.001) and LYC and MUFA (r = 0.16, P < 0.001), SFA (r = 0.15, P < 0.001) and PUFA (r = 0.10, P < 0.001). LYC was increased by 10.0 μg/dL for each standard deviation increase in total reported grams of fat. There was no association between reported total fat intakes and BCAR or LUT. Conclusions Inverse associations between BCAR and LUT and specific fatty acid classes suggests there may be multiple post-digestion factors affecting serum carotenoid concentrations. Serum LYC, unlike other carotenoid concentrations, was positively associated with all fatty acid classes and reported total fat intakes, suggesting importance of fat in absorption. Total fat intake was not associated with BCAR and LUT likely due to adequate carotenoid absorption even at lowest levels of reported fat consumption Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Mortality due to primary brain tumours in China and detection rate in people with suspected symptoms: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Xiaojuan Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Primary Brain Tumours ◽  
Symptom Screening ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background and purpose Epidemiological data on primary brain tumours (PBTs) are lacking due to the difficulty in case ascertainment among the population. Thus, we aimed to estimate mortality due to PBTs in China nationwide and the detection rate in people with suspected symptoms. Methods A multistage, complex sampling survey regarding mortality due to PBTs in Chinese individuals was carried out by reviewing all causes of death within a year. The detection rates in people with suspected symptoms were estimated based on PBT symptom screening and neurologist reviews and compared between groups by logistic regression analysis. Results Weighted mortality due to PBT was 1.6 (0.8–3.3) per 100,000 population in Chinese individuals, 1.8 (0.7–4.6) per 100,000 population in men, and 1.5 (0.5–4.5) per 100,000 population in women. Among 14,990 people with suspected symptoms, the PBT detection rate was 306.9 (95% CI 224.7–409.3) per 100,000 population in the total population, 233.0 (95% CI 135.7–373.1) per 100,000 population in men, and 376.9 (95% CI 252.4–546.3) per 100,000 population in women. People with an unsteady gait (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.09–5.51; P=0.029), visual anomalies (3.84; 1.88–7.85; P<0.001), and headache (2.06; 1.10–3.86; P=0.023) were more likely to have a brain tumour than those without corresponding symptoms, while people with dizziness/vertigo were less likely to have a brain tumour than those without corresponding symptoms (0.45; 0.23–0.87; P=0.017). Conclusions Mortality due to PBT in China was low, with a nationwide estimate of 21,215 (10,427–43,165) deaths attributable to PBTs annually. However, the detection rate of PBTs can be greatly improved based on symptom screening in the population.

Preferences Toward COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing Features: Results From a National Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110340
Author(s):  
Bhagyashree Katare ◽  
Shuoli Zhao ◽  
Joel Cuffey ◽  
Maria I. Marshall ◽  
Corinne Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: Describe preferences toward COVID-19 testing features (method, location, hypothetical monetary incentive) and simulate the effect of monetary incentives on willingness to test. Design: Online cross-sectional survey administered in July 2020. Subjects: 1,505 nationally representative U.S. respondents. Measures: Choice of preferred COVID-19 testing options in discrete choice experiment. Options differed by method (nasal-swab, saliva), location (hospital/clinic, drive-through, at-home), and monetary incentive ($0, $10, $20). Analysis: Latent class conditional logit model to classify preferences, mixed logit model to simulate incentive effectiveness. Results: Preferences were categorized into 4 groups: 34% (n = 517) considered testing comfort (saliva versus nasal swab) most important, 27% (n = 408) were willing to trade comfort for monetary incentives, 19% (n = 287) would only test at convenient locations, 20% (n = 293) avoided testing altogether. Relative to no monetary incentives, incentives of $100 increased the percent of testing avoiders (16%) and convenience seekers (70%) that were willing to test. Conclusion: Preferences toward different COVID-19 testing features vary, highlighting the need to match testing features with individuals to monitor the spread of COVID-19.

Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eag States

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.

scholarly journals A portrait of the early and differential mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: Findings from the first wave of a nationally representative cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 106333
Author(s):  
Emily K. Jenkins ◽  
Corey McAuliffe ◽  
Saima Hirani ◽  
Chris Richardson ◽  
Kimberly C. Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Risks of Major Mental Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome among the Offspring of Parents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4679
Author(s):  
Ta-Chuan Yeh ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that is highly comorbid with mental disorders. However, few studies have examined the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia in the offspring of parents with IBS. We used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze cross-generational transmission patterns of both IBS and major mental disorders. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Offspring of parents with IBS were more likely to develop IBS themselves (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.09–2.78), ADHD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08–1.62), and MDD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) than the controls. Data stratification by parental sex revealed that paternal IBS increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) in the offspring, while maternal IBS increased the risk of MDD (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.11–2.06). This is the first study to reveal parental IBS is associated with IBS, ADHD, and MDD among offspring, suggesting the necessity for early implementation of prevention strategies for at-risk children.

scholarly journals A Survey on Topics Rating for the Undergraduate and Diploma in Environmental Health

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401881104
Author(s):  
Kamaruddin Arshad ◽  
Qi Ying Lean ◽  
Long Chiau Ming ◽  
Sundara Rajan Mahalingam ◽  
Chua Say Tiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Current Content ◽  
Level Of Importance

Environmental health (EH) is the study of environment and environmental factors affecting the health of human. Identifying the most relevant and up-to-date and updated teaching topics of EH programs is vital to ensure competent practitioners are nurtured. Thus, this study aimed to attain the view of current content of EH programs for EH professionals and intended to recommend topics necessary for education and practice. The level of importance of current and newly proposed topics for EH courses at diploma and bachelor’s level was assessed using a cross-sectional survey design. Practicing EH programs graduates were invited via social media and e-mails to participate in the survey. The respondents were asked to rank the importance of different EH topics based on 5-point Likert-type scale. Descriptive statistics were employed to report the importance of EH curricula at Malaysian tertiary institutions. It was found that between diploma’s and bachelor’s level, the bachelor’s graduates were expected to have high exposure in existing topics such as vector control management, legislation for EH and safety, health and safety risk assessment, as well as newly proposed topics including critical literature evaluation and innovation in creating awareness activities. The findings from this survey could serve as a guide to improvise EH curricula to ensure the EH programs continue to produce students with the necessary skills, knowledge, and competencies.

scholarly journals P55 FutureCOVID: Exploring the perspectives of doctors & nurses of student response during the COVID-19 pandemic

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vigneshwar Raj Veerappan ◽  
Michal Kawka ◽  
Aleksander Dawidziuk ◽  
Sanskrithi Sravanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Abstract Introduction The training medical students receive means they can be used as auxiliary healthcare staff during pandemics and disasters. During COVID-10, many medical students volunteered in healthcare settings in clinical and non-clinical capacities. While there has been research into students’ perceptions of the pandemic and their role within the NHS, the perceptions of healthcare staff perceive this student response has not been explored. Methods COVIDAssist is a survey based cross sectional observational study of medical student volunteering during COVID-19. The study consists of a cross sectional survey of doctors & nurses who worked alongside medical students in the NHS during the pandemic. We will use qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze responses. Results The primary objective of the study is to assess how effective student response was in reducing the burden on healthcare teams during the pandemic. Secondary objectives are: to identify the broad specialty (e.g. medicine, surgery, primary care) and healthcare roles medical students were most beneficial) ; the GMC outcome-based skills students exhibited; the training provided to students before volunteering and what additional training could have been provided to students. Conclusion The outcomes of this study will help inform current and future guidance on effective student deployment during pandemics and disasters. The results are also expected to provide insight into necessary training adaptations.

An Examination of Men’s Wealth and Age Disparate Partnerships in South Africa: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin George ◽  
Brendan Maughan-Brown ◽  
Sean Beckett ◽  
Meredith Evans
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

Perceived neighborhood food access is associated with consumption of animal-flesh food, fruits and vegetables among mothers and young children in peri-urban Cambodia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Minh-Cam Duong ◽  
Hung Nguyen-Viet ◽  
Delia Grace ◽  
Chhay Ty ◽  
Huy Sokchea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Objective: To examine whether mothers’ perceived neighborhood food access is associated with their own and their young children’s consumption of animal-flesh food, fruits and vegetables in peri-urban areas of Cambodia. Design: A cross-sectional survey measured food consumption frequency and perceived neighborhood food access, the latter including six dimensions of food availability, affordability, convenience, quality, safety and desirability. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between food access and food consumption. Setting: Peri-urban districts of Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, Cambodia Participants: 198 mothers of children between 6 to 24 months old. Results: Over 25% of the mothers and 40% of the children had low consumption (< once a day) of either animal-flesh food or fruits and vegetables. Compared with perceived high food access, perceived low food access was associated with an adjusted 5.6-fold and 4.3-fold greater odds of low animal-flesh food consumption among mothers (95% CI 2.54, 12.46) and children (95% CI 2.20, 8.60) respectively. Similarly, relative to perceived high access, perceived low food access was associated with 7.6-times and 5.1-times higher adjusted odds of low fruits and vegetables consumption among mothers (95% CI 3.22, 18.02) and children (95% CI 2.69, 9.83) respectively. Conclusions: Mothers’ perceived neighborhood food access was an important predictor of their own and their young children’s nutrient-rich food consumption in peri-urban Cambodia. Future work is needed to confirm our findings in other urban settings and examine the role of neighborhood food environment on the consumption of both nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor food.

scholarly journals Availability, usage, and factors affecting usage of electrophysical agents by physical therapists: a regional cross-sectional survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 3088-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Abe ◽  
Ah-Cheng Goh ◽  
Kei Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting
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