Genetically-determined variations in photosynthesis indicate roles for specific fatty acid species in chilling responses

Using a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata. L. Walp), we tested for co-linkages between lipid contents and chilling responses of photosynthesis. Under low temperature conditions (19°C/13°C, day/night), we observed co-linkages between quantitative trait loci (QTL) intervals for photosynthetic light reactions and specific fatty acids, most strikingly, the thylakoid-specific fatty acid 16:1 found exclusively in phosphatidylglycerol (PG 16:1t). By contrast, we did not observe co-associations with bulk polyunsaturated fatty acids or high-melting-point-PG (sum of PG 16:0, PG 18:0 PG 16:1t) previously thought to be involved in chilling sensitivity. These results suggest that in cowpea, chilling sensitivity is modulated by specific lipid interactions rather than bulk properties. We were able to recapitulate the predicted impact of PG 16:1t levels on photosynthetic responses at low temperature using mutants and transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Because PG 16:1t synthesis requires the activity of peroxiredoxin-Q, which is activated by HO and known to be involved in redox signaling, we hypothesize that the accumulation of PG 16:1t occurs as a result of upstream effects on photosynthesis that alter redox status and production of reactive oxygen species.

Adipocyte-Specific Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (AFABP) and Chemerin in Association with Gestational Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

Background. Adipocytokines participate in regulating the inflammatory response in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. However, among these peptides, the role of adipocyte-specific fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP), chemerin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gestational diabetes (GDM) has not been fully investigated. Method. The maternal fasting level of adipocytokines of 53 subjects with GDM and 43 normal pregnant (NGDM) was measured using multiplex immunoassay at 24–28 weeks, before delivery, immediate postpartum, and 2–6 months postpuerperium. Results. Higher levels of AFABP were associated with a 3.7-fold higher risk of GDM. Low chemerin levels were associated with a 3.6-fold higher risk of GDM. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was inversely associated with the risk of GDM. SPARC had no association with GDM. AFABP was directly correlated to interleukin-6 ( r = 0.50 ), insulin resistance index ( r = 0.26 ), and body mass index ( r = 0.28 ) and inversely correlated to C-reactive protein ( r = − 0.27 ). Chemerin levels were directly and strongly correlated with IL-10 ( r = 0.41 ) and interleukin-4 ( r = 0.50 ) and inversely correlated to insulin resistance index ( r = − 0.23 ) in GDM but not NGDM. In the longitudinal assessment, there were no significant differences in AFABP and chemerin concentrations of both studied groups. Conclusion. AFABP and chemerin were associated with a higher risk of GDM. These adipocytokines were related to insulin resistance, body mass index, and inflammation in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.

Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements Prenatal sebagai Tindakan Preventif Terjadinya Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dan Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif pada Bayi

Pendahuluan: Stunting di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi. Salah satu faktor risikonya adalah kejadian berat badan lahir rendah pada bayi. Jika tidak diatasi, kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia menjadi rendah. Maka, pemberian Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS), yang telah dilakukan oleh beberapa negara tetangga dalam rangka mengoptimalkan berat badan lahir rendah dan daya kognitif bayi, perlu dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis artikel yang berhubungan dengan pengaruh pemberian LNS pada ibu hamil terhadap berat badan lahir dan daya kognitif pada bayi. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah literature review, artikel dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan mesin pencari Google melalui beberapa sumber data seperti Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, Kemenkes, dan BPS RI. Kriteria artikel yang digunakan adalah jurnal penelitian dengan metode Randomized Controlled Trial dan Systematic Review yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015 – 2020. Pembahasan: Berdasarkan artikel yang dikumpulkan, hasilnya menunjukan bahwa LNS yang diberikan pada ibu hamil dapat meningkatkan massa tubuh dan meningkatkan volume otak pada bayi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh Brain Specific Fatty Acid yang meliputi docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) yang menunjang pembentukan jaringan, imunitas, dan perkembangan saraf. Simpulan: Pemberian LNS pada di daerah yang prevalensi stunting masih tinggi dapat menjadi solusi atas permasalahan stunting di daerah tersebut. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah untuk dibuat suatu program LNS, khususnya di daerah yang prevalensi stunting masih tinggi.

Serum Carotenoid Concentrations Are Weakly Associated with Reported Fatty Acid Intake in U.S. Adults (P02-002-19)

Objectives Dietary carotenoids β-carotene (BCAR), lutein (LUT), and lycopene (LYC) are sourced from fruits and vegetables. The bioavailability of carotenoids is dependent on multiple post-digestion factors, especially the presence of fat in the diet. However, there is a gap in knowledge about whether specific fatty acid classes affect serum carotenoid concentrations. Our primary objective was to assess the association between carotenoid concentrations and reported intake of specific fatty acid classes, utilizing data from What We Eat in America (WWEIA)/National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Methods Data from 9182 male and female participants 20–85 years of age in the NHANES 2003–2006 nationally representative, cross-sectional survey were analyzed to determine the relationships between BCAR, LUT, and LYC concentrations and reported saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid intakes. Due to skewing, we log transformed BCAR. Multiple linear regression estimated the association between carotenoid concentrations and reported fatty acid intakes adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Results Mean and SE were 2.5 ± 0.9 µg/dL for BCAR, 16.2 ± 8.7 µg/dL for LUT, and 21.8 ± 11.0 µg/dL for LYC. Mean and SE were 26.7 ± 16.9 g for SFA, 30.4 ± 18.4 g for MUFA, and 17.2 ± 11.6 g for PUFA. Significant associations were observed among BCAR concentrations and SFA (r = −0.15, P < 0.001) and MUFA (r = −0.14, P < 0.001), LUT and SFA (r = −0.06, P < 0.001) and LYC and MUFA (r = 0.16, P < 0.001), SFA (r = 0.15, P < 0.001) and PUFA (r = 0.10, P < 0.001). LYC was increased by 10.0 μg/dL for each standard deviation increase in total reported grams of fat. There was no association between reported total fat intakes and BCAR or LUT. Conclusions Inverse associations between BCAR and LUT and specific fatty acid classes suggests there may be multiple post-digestion factors affecting serum carotenoid concentrations. Serum LYC, unlike other carotenoid concentrations, was positively associated with all fatty acid classes and reported total fat intakes, suggesting importance of fat in absorption. Total fat intake was not associated with BCAR and LUT likely due to adequate carotenoid absorption even at lowest levels of reported fat consumption Funding Sources N/A.