scholarly journals Probability of Nutrient Adequacy from Estimated Usual Intake Among Children 9–24 Months: Results from 7 MAL-ED Sites (FS10-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Antiporta ◽  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
Anuradha Bose ◽  
Bruna Maciel ◽  
Tjale Mahopo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Abstract Objectives To estimate the usual energy and micronutrient intakes of children 9–24 mo of age and evaluate the probability of adequacy of the diet in 7 MAL-ED sites. Methods Breastfeeding was evaluated biweekly from enrolment (≤17 d old) through 24 mo; beginning at 9 mo, monthly 24-hour recalls (up to 17 recalls/child) were used to quantify intakes of complementary foods. Energy, macro- and micro-nutrient intakes were calculated using site-specific food composition tables. Based on the Morseth et al (2016) analysis of the Nepal MAL-ED site, we estimated energy and nutrient intakes from breast milk to derive total energy and nutrient intakes. For each site and 3 mo-age period, we estimated usual intakes of energy and 13 micronutrients for each child, considering age, sex, month and day of the week, then predicted the distribution of intakes by age period and site. We then compared each intake distribution to the recommended dietary allowance to derive the median probability of adequacy (MPA) and respective inter-quartile range (IQR). We evaluated iron and zinc considering bioavailability. Results Among 1669 children, median %energy (%E) from breast milk ranged from 23–71%E at 9–12 mo, and declined to 25–40%E at 21–24 mo. Iron bioavailability was low for all sites, but many diets were of moderate bioavailability for zinc. MPA were 1 (IQR = 0) in Brazil and South Africa, except for iron and vitamin E (both), calcium (South Africa) and zinc (low bioavailable diet in South Africa). MPA for zinc increased from 9–24 mo only for children consuming a diet with moderate bioavailability. MPA increased for many nutrients from 12–24 mo as the nutrient density of complementary foods increased; however, MPA for vitamin A remained low in Bangladesh and Tanzania. In Tanzania, calcium and B12 MPA declined and IQR increased as cow's milk remained in the diets of only some children. For most sites and age groups, MPA were 0 (IQR = 0) for Vitamins D, E and iron. Conclusions MPA increases from 12–24 mo as children consume more nutrient-dense complementary foods. Ways to increase consumption of foods containing vitamins D, E, and A, and calcium are needed, as are ways to increase bioavailability of iron and zinc. Funding Sources The MAL-ED study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through grants to the Foundation for the NIH and NIH/FIC.

scholarly journals Micronutrient intake and the probability of nutrient adequacy among children 9–24 months of age: results from the MAL-ED birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Antiporta ◽  
R Ambikapathi ◽  
A Bose ◽  
B Maciel ◽  
TC Mahopo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Abstract Objective: To estimate the total energy and micronutrient intakes of children 9–24 months of age and evaluate the probability of adequacy (PA) of the diet in seven MAL-ED sites. Design: Cohort study. Food intake was registered monthly using 24-h recalls beginning at 9 months. We estimated PA for thirteen nutrients and overall mean PA (MPA) by site and 3-month periods considering estimated breast milk intake. Setting: Seven sites in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Participants: 1669 children followed from birth to 24 months of age. Results: Median estimated %energy from breast milk ranged from 4 to 70 % at 9–12 months, and declined to 0–39 % at 21–24 months. Iron bioavailability was low for all sites, but many diets were of moderate bioavailability for zinc. PA was optimal for most nutrients in Brazil and South Africa, except for iron and vitamin E (both), calcium and zinc (South Africa). PA for zinc increased only for children consuming a diet with moderate bioavailability. MPA increased 12–24 months as the quantity of complementary foods increased; however, PA for vitamin A remained low in Bangladesh and Tanzania. PA for vitamins D and E and iron was low for most sites and age groups. Conclusions: MPA increased from 12 to 24 months as children consumed higher quantities of food, while nutrient density remained constant for most nutrients. Ways to increase the consumption of foods containing vitamins D, E and A, and calcium are needed, as are ways to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc.

scholarly journals Low Dietary Intakes of Essential Nutrients during Pregnancy in Vietnam

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Nguyen ◽  
Dong Hoang ◽  
Phung Nguyen ◽  
Anh Ha ◽  
Tan Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron

Inadequate intake of nutrients during pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy and infant outcomes; however, evidence remains limited in low-resource settings in Asia. This paper assessed food, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among 1944 Vietnamese pregnant women. Dietary information was collected via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were estimated using the Vietnamese food composition tables. The levels of nutrient intakes were evaluated against the Vietnamese recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for pregnancy. The diet profiles were reported as means and percentages. The average daily food intakes across socio-demographic factors were compared using ANOVA, with adjustment for multiple comparisons by the Tukey–Kramer test. Rice, fruits, and vegetables were the main food sources consumed. The mean energy intake was 2004 kcal/day with 15.9%, 31.8%, and 52.2% of energy deriving from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, respectively. Just over half of the women did not meet the RNI for total energy intake. The intakes of essential micronutrients including folate, calcium, iron, and zinc were below the RNI, and almost all pregnant women failed to meet the recommendations for these micronutrients. The associations of maternal age, education, and pre-pregnancy body mass index with nutrient intakes varied across the nutrient subgroups. Targeted programs are needed to improve nutrient intakes in Vietnamese pregnant women.

scholarly journals Nutrition survey of Finnish rural children: V. Seasonal differences in food consumption and nutrient intakes

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
Leena Räsänen ◽  
Johanna Niinikangas
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
High Level

In connection with a survey of child nutrition in Finland the food consumption and nutrient intakes of the children in summer and in winter were compared. The material consisted of 158 children aged 5, 9 and 13 years living in Nurmijärvi. Food consumption was measured by the 24-hour recall method and the nutrient intakes were calculated on the basis of food composition tables. The interviews were made in June and the following January and February. The diet in winter included significantly more fruits and berries, inner organs and blood but less vegetables and milk products other than milk, sour milk or cheese. The differences were the same in all age groups. The intakes of energy and nutrients were notably similar in summer and in winter. Only the intakes of iron, vitamin A and ascorbic acid were higher in winter than in summer. This can be ascribed to the high consumption of inner organs and blood. The large consumption of fruits, citrus fruits in particular, raised the ascorbic acid intake to a quite high level in winter. The differences in the present study between the diets of the children in summer and winter were not similar to those observed earlier among Finnish adults. The increased use of imported foodstuffs and the development of the domestic food industry have obviously levelled off the sharp seasonal fluctuations earlier seen in the Finnish diet.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and Adequacy Among Children 12–18 Months of Age in the Urban Slums of Mumbai, India (P11-093-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripa Rajagopalan ◽  
Samantha Huey ◽  
Sudha Venkatramanan ◽  
Shobha Udipi ◽  
Varsha Thakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Data

Abstract Objectives a) To examine the mean nutrient intake among young children 12–18 months of age in urban slums of Mumbai, b) to determine the adequacy of micronutrient intake in their diet as per the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) recommendations for optimum growth and development, and c) to determine if there is a difference in the nutrient intake of those randomized vs not randomized to the trial involving feeding of iron- and zinc-biofortified pearl millet complementary foods. Methods A total of 407 children were screened of which dietary data was available for 359 children. Of the total randomized (n = 223), dietary data was available for 216 children who were randomized to one of the two study arms (Arm 1: n = 107, Arm 2: n = 109). A 24-hour dietary recall was performed, and nutrient intake was calculated using CS dietary software using the NIN food composition tables. Results The average age of children was 14.81 months; 51% were males and 49% females. Majority of the children (81.64%) breastfed the previous day. The mean intake per day of calories, protein, iron, and zinc from complementary foods was found to be 598 kcal, 19.9 g, 3.25 mg, and 1.85 mg, respectively. On average, complementary feeding contributed to 89.6% of RDA for energy, 82.4% of calcium, 57.9% of iron, 58.8% of zinc, 51.9% vitamin A, 7.2% of vitamin B12, and 83.3% of dietary folate. All children had adequate caloric and protein intake. However, > 90% of children consumed inadequate iron, zinc, and folate according to the nutrient density of the complementary food, and > 50% of children consumed inadequate vitamin A and calcium. Overall, children randomized to the intervention were found to have a significantly higher intake of calories, protein, folate, and zinc. Conclusions Majority of children living in the urban slums of Mumbai consumed diet inadequate for most micronutrients. Our findings confirm the suitability of this population for interventions aiming to improve micronutrient intake Funding Sources HarvestPlus.

scholarly journals Usual nutrient intake adequacy among young, rural Zambian children

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bess L. Caswell ◽  
Sameera A. Talegawkar ◽  
Ward Siamusantu ◽  
Keith P. West ◽  
Amanda C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Distribution Frequency

AbstractInadequate nutrient intakes put children at risk for impaired growth and development. We described diet, usual intakes of energy and macro- and micronutrients and prevalence of nutrient intake adequacies among 4–8-year-old Zambian children. Children not yet in school and living in Mkushi District, Central Province, Zambia were enrolled into an efficacy trial of pro-vitamin A biofortified maize. Children in the non-intervened arm were included in this analysis (n 202). Dietary intake data were collected by tablet-based 24-h recall on a monthly basis over the 6-month trial. Observed nutrient intakes were derived from reported food quantities, standard recipes and food composition tables. Usual nutrient intake distributions were modelled based on observed intakes. Prevalence of inadequacy was estimated by comparing the usual nutrient intake distribution to the nutrient requirement distribution. Frequency and quantity of consumption of commonly reported foods were described and key sources of energy and nutrients were identified. Median usual energy intake was 6422 kJ/d (1535 kcal/d). Most childrens’ macronutrient intakes fell within recommended ranges (74–98 %). Estimated prevalences of inadequate intakes of Fe, folate, vitamin B12 and Ca were 25, 57, 76 and >99 %, respectively. Estimated prevalences of inadequacy for other micronutrients were low (0·1–2·2 %). Commonly consumed foods included maize, vegetable oil, tomatoes, rape leaves and small fish (>0·6 servings/d), whereas meat, eggs or dairy were rarely eaten (<0·2 servings/d). These findings suggest that the heavily plant-based diet of rural Zambian children provides inadequate Ca, folate, vitamin B12 and Fe to meet recommended nutrient intakes.

scholarly journals The distribution of nutrient intake within families

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Food Composition ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Women And Girls

1. During 1978 and 1979, the 343 members of seventy-nine families representative of households with two adults and two or three children living in Cambridge, England, completed 7-d records of food consumption using the semi-weighed technique. Nutrient intakes were calculated using food composition tables.2. Amongst males, the average intakes of energy and most nutrients were highest in men and boys aged 11–17 years, and lowest in boys under 5 years. Amongst females, intakes were highest in girls aged 11–17 years, and lowest in those under 5 years. At each age, intakes in males were generally higher than those in females.3. Nutrient distribution within families was described using the ratio, intake of each subject: intake of the male head of the household. The problems inherent in using this ratio are discussed.4. The distribution of nutrient intakes within the families was not in accordance with the recommended daily amounts (RDA). Men and young boys received more than their fair share of the family diet, while women and girls aged 5–17 years received less.5. Estimates of dietary adequacy based on the averages of family consumption and requirements (RDA) concealed up to twofold variations in the adequacy of diet of different age-sex-groups.6. The interpretation of dietary adequacy in household food surveys should take into account the distribution of nutrient intakes within the household, as the distribution may be substantially different from that predicted by the RDA.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and nutritional status of children and adolescents in Europe

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (S2) ◽  
pp. S147-S211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Lambert ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Karin Hulshof ◽  
Edburga Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Status Data

The objective of this project was to collect and evaluate data on nutrient intake and status across Europe and to ascertain whether any trends could be identified. Surveys of dietary intake and status were collected from across Europe by literature search and personal contact with country experts. Surveys that satisfied a defined set of criteria – published, based on individual intakes, post-1987, adequate information provided to enable its quality to be assessed, small age bands, data for sexes separated above 12 years, sample size over 25 and subjects representative of the population – were selected for further analysis. In a small number of cases, where no other data for a country were available or where status data were given, exceptions were made. Seventy-nine surveys from 23 countries were included, and from them data on energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates, alcohol, vitamins, minerals and trace elements were collected and tabulated. Data on energy, protein, total fat and carbohydrate were given in a large number of surveys, but information was very limited for some micronutrients. No surveys gave information on fluid intake and insufficient gave data on food patterns to be of value to this project. A variety of collection methods were used, there was no consistency in the ages of children surveyed or the age cut-off points, but most surveys gave data for males and females separately at all ages. Just under half of the surveys were nationally representative and most of the remainder were regional. Only a small number of local surveys could be included. Apart from anthropometric measurements, status data were collected in only seven countries. Males had higher energy intakes than females, energy intake increased with age but levelled off in adolescent girls. Intakes of other nutrients generally related to energy intakes. Some north–south geographical trends were noted in fat and carbohydrate intakes, but these were not apparent for other nutrients. Some other trends between countries were noted, but there were also wide variations within countries. A number of validation studies have shown that misreporting is a major problem in dietary surveys of children and adolescents and so all the dietary data collected for this project should be interpreted and evaluated with caution In addition, dietary studies rely on food composition tables for the conversion of food intake data to estimated nutrient intakes and each country uses a different set of food composition data which differ in definitions, analytical methods, units and modes of expression. This can make comparisons between countries difficult and inaccurate. Methods of measuring food intake are not standardised across Europe and intake data are generally poor, so there are uncertainties over the true nutrient intakes of children and adolescents across Europe. There are insufficient data on status to be able to be able to draw any conclusions about the nutritional quality of the diets of European children and adolescents.

scholarly journals The effect of diet on the haemoglobin and haematocrit values of some Nigerian village children

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
'Bola O. A. Osifo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Iron Folic Acid

1. Eighty-eight Nigerian village children aged 1–12 years were involved in this study.2. A food consumption survey on each child was carried out for 7 consecutive d; iron, folic acid and calorie intakes were calculated from food composition tables.3. Samples of the children's diets (cooked) were collected and analysed for moisture, total nitrogen and ascorbic acid content.4. Blood samples were assessed for haemoglobin and haematocrit values.5. Calorie, protein and folic acid intakes were low for all age groups; iron and ascorbic acid intakes were adequate.6. There was no incidence of severe anaemia. Only 10% of all the eighty-eight children had a haemoglobin concentration below acceptable levels and only about 8 % of all the eighty-eight children had haematocrit values below acceptable level.

scholarly journals Complementary foods consumed by 6 – 12-month-old rural infants in South Africa are inadequate in micronutrients

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Faber
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
South African ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Baby Foods ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Calcium Iron

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the nutrient composition of complementary foods consumed by 6–12-month-old South African infants.DesignNutrient intake was determined for infants who were recruited to participate in a randomised controlled trial using a single 24-hour dietary recall.Setting/subjectsInfants aged 6–12 months (n = 475) residing in The Valley of a Thousand Hills, a rural area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.ResultsEnergy and protein intakes from complementary foods were adequate. Infants who consumed infant products (commercially available fortified infant cereals/ready-to-eat canned baby foods/formula milk powder) had significantly higher intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and vitamin C than infants who did not consume any infant products. For infants who consumed infant cereals (n = 142), these cereals provided 51% of total iron intake. Infant cereals provided more than 25% of total intake for magnesium, thiamine, niacin and vitamin B12. For infants consuming ready-to-eat canned baby foods (n = 77), these products contributed less than 15% of total intake for all the micronutrients. The nutrient density of the complementary diet was less than half the desired density for calcium, iron and zinc. Animal products were consumed by 17% of infants, 26% consumed dairy products and 18% consumed vitamin-A-rich fruit and vegetables during the 24-hour recall period.ConclusionThe nutrient composition of complementary foods among rural South African infants was inadequate, especially for iron, zinc and calcium. Strategies should be developed to improve the nutritional quality of their diets.

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