scholarly journals Association Between Eating Disorder Symptoms and Weight Status in Midwestern US Army ROTC Cadets (P16-015-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz George ◽  
Won Song
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Rotc Cadets ◽  
Army Rotc ◽  
Shared Risk

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and obesity has been high amongst young adults (18–25 y), who comprise an important demographic in the US military. Current approaches to prevent obesity may lead to an overemphasis on weight and body image, as well as adoption of strict dieting for weight loss, increasing risk for obesity and eating disorder symptoms. Body image dissatisfaction and dieting have been implicated as important shared risk factors in the onset of both obesity and eating disorder symptoms. While current cognitive behavioral approaches to obesity and eating disorder management are the gold standard of treatment, these interventions often don't consider shared risk factors between obesity and eating disorder symptoms. Newer approaches, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the ACT construct of psychological flexibility, focus on changing problematic behaviors, such as bingeing and compensatory behaviors like dieting, through awareness of these behaviors as coping mechanisms for problematic thoughts, such as body image dissatisfaction. Understanding the role of ACT processes in the relation between eating disorder symptoms and obesity may offer potential new targets for treatments that consider shared risk factors, such as strict dieting and body image dissatisfaction. Given ongoing evidence of both obesity and eating disorders in the military, the aim of this study was to determine whether eating disorder symptoms were associated with weight status and whether the effect of eating disorder symptoms on weight status was mediated by body image flexibility and psychological flexibility related to dieting. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 205 US Army ROTC Cadets (18–32 y). Results Results revealed a significant indirect effect of eating disorder symptoms on weight status through psychological flexibility related to dieting, and a significant indirect effect of eating disorder symptoms on weight status through psychological flexibility related to body image for male but not female ROTC Cadets. Conclusions These findings suggest psychological flexibility is an important mechanism in understanding the relation between eating disorder symptoms and obesity in military-related populations. Funding Sources RAMSCA Endowment for Scholarly Activity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Body Image Dissatisfaction among ROTC Cadets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8137
Author(s):  
Allison Smith ◽  
Dawn Emerson ◽  
Zachary Winkelmann ◽  
Devin Potter ◽  
Toni Torres-McGehee
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Disorder Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Rotc Cadets ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
Disorder Risk

Injury risk is multifactorial including non-modifiable and modifiable factors such as nutrition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to estimate eating disorder risk and body image (BI) dissatisfaction among Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. A total of 102 (male: n = 75, female: n = 27; age: 20 ± 2 years) ROTC cadets self-reported height, current and ideal weight, and completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and self-perceived BI current and perceived sex-specific figural stimuli. The overall eating disorder risk for ROTC cadets was 32.4%. No significant differences were found when comparing sex, ethnicity, or military branch. Overall risk of pathogenic behaviors included 11.8% who reported binge eating; 8.8% who used laxatives, diuretics, or diet pills; 8.8% who exercised for >60 min to control their weight; and 8.8% who lost 9.1 kg or more within the last 6 months. We identified significant interactions (p ≤ 0.01) between sex of the solider, overall perceptions of male and female soldiers, and BI self-perceptions. The ROTC cadets in this study displayed eating disorder risk and BI dissatisfaction, which is concerning for tactical readiness, long-term behavioral health issues, and injury from pathogenic behaviors. Education and quality healthcare are necessary to mitigate the increased risk of eating and BI dissatisfaction within this population.

scholarly journals The role of individual and social variables in predicting body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls: an expanding of the tripartite influence model

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Shahyad ◽  
Shahla Pakdaman ◽  
Omid Shokri ◽  
Seyed Hassan Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Thin Ideal Internalization

The aim of the present study was to examine the causal relationships between psychological and social factors, being independent variables and body image dissatisfaction plus symptoms of eating disorders as dependent variables through the mediation of social comparison and thin-ideal internalization. To conduct the study, 477 high-school students from Tehran were recruited by method of cluster sampling. Next, they filled out Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS), Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), Appearance Perfectionism Scale (APS), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4). In the end, collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that the assumed model perfectly fitted the data after modification and as a result, all the path-coefficients of latent variables (except for the path between self-esteem and thin-ideal internalization) were statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, in this model, 75% of scores' distribution of body dissatisfaction was explained through psychological variables, socio-cultural variables, social comparison and internalization of the thin ideal. The results of the present study provid experimental basis for the confirmation of proposed causal model. The combination of psychological, social and cultural variables could efficiently predict body image dissatisfaction of young girls in Iran. Key Words: Thin-ideal Internalization, Social comparison, Body image dissatisfaction, mediating effects model, eating disorder symptoms, psychological factors.

scholarly journals The role of weight- and appearance-related discrimination on eating disorder symptoms among adolescents and emerging adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cohrdes ◽  
Claudia Santos-Hövener ◽  
Katja Kajikhina ◽  
Heike Hölling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Personal Risk Factors

Abstract Background Eating disorder symptoms (EDs) have been discussed as a prominent problem among late adolescent girls with serious health risks and long-term consequences. However, there is a lack of population-based evidence on EDs comprising the age range from early adolescence to emerging adulthood as well as considering both females and males equally. Additionally, the differential role of a comprehensive set of several relevant risk factors and particularly weight- and appearance-related discrimination warrants further attention. Thus, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding of sex- and age-related differences in associations between discrimination experience and other relevant personal risk factors (body image, social media use, self-efficacy, social support) with EDs. Furthermore, we were interested in the exploration of underlying mechanisms enhancing the risk of EDs by taking discrimination experience into account. Methods Based on a logistic regression model, we investigated associations between weight- and appearance-related discrimination and EDs while controlling for other relevant personal risk factors in a subsample of N = 8504 adolescents and emerging adults (54.4% female, mean age = 20.71 years, SD = 4.32 years) drawn from a German representative health survey (KiGGS Wave 2). In a second step, we investigated the mediating role of discrimination experience between the other risk factors and EDs with the help of a path model. Results While controlling for other relevant personal risk factors, weight- and appearance-related discrimination was significantly related to EDs. Whereas the risk of EDs was significantly enhanced in males and emerging adults frequently experiencing weight-related discrimination, adolescents showed a higher risk of EDs when experiencing appearance-related discrimination. Moreover, discrimination experience partly explained the associations between body image dissatisfaction, low self-efficacy, high media use and ED symptoms. Conclusions The results highlight weight- and appearance-related discrimination as one central factor to be considered in the pathogeneses of EDs and underpin the need for discrimination prevention as well as the promotion of adaptive coping with discrimination experience to reduce the risk of developing ED symptoms. Males and emerging adults need particular attention when facing weight-related discrimination whereas risk constellations and EDs particularly affecting females need further investigation.

scholarly journals Feeding and eating problems in children and adolescents with autism: A scoping review

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132199563
Author(s):  
Jessica Baraskewich ◽  
Kristin M von Ranson ◽  
Adam McCrimmon ◽  
Carly A McMorris
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Picky Eating ◽  
Food Avoidance ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Specific Food

Feeding problems, such as picky eating and food avoidance, are common in youth with autism. Other feeding and eating problems (e.g. disordered eating, fear of trying new foods, and insistence on specific food presentation) are also common in this population. This scoping review describes the nature and extent of feeding and eating problems in autistic youth and reports characteristics of autistic youth who experience such issues. Thirty-four studies were included in the current review, with almost all studies (91%) investigating feeding problems. Only 9% of studies examined concern with weight, shape, and/or body image, but several authors noted that disordered eating attitudes and behaviors may occur more frequently in those with autism than their peers without autism. No common individual characteristics (e.g. cognitive functioning and autism symptom severity) were identified for youth who experience feeding or eating problems. Although differentiating “feeding” from “eating” problems is critical for accurate identification and treatment of these issues, the existing literature has failed to do so. We propose that in future research “eating problems” be used when behaviors involve preoccupation with food, eating, or body image, and “feeding problems” be used when such preoccupation is absent. Lay abstract Feeding problems, such as picky eating and food avoidance, are common in youth with autism. Other, broader difficulties with feeding and eating (eating disorder symptoms such as restricting food intake or preoccupation with body shape or weight and insistence on specific food presentation) are also common in autistic individuals. Here, we describe the nature and extent of feeding and eating problems in youth with autism. We found no common characteristics (such as severity of autism symptoms) that best describe autistic youth who experience problems with feeding or eating. Almost all studies we reviewed focused on problems with feeding (selective or picky eating), and only a few studies focused on eating disorder symptoms (concern with weight, shape, and/or body image). However, some researchers reported that eating disorder symptoms may occur more often in autistic individuals compared to their peers without autism. Many studies used the terms “feeding” and “eating” problems interchangeably, but understanding the difference between these problems is important for researchers to be consistent, as well as for proper identification and treatment. We suggest future researchers use “eating problems” when behaviors involve preoccupation with food, eating, or body image, and “feeding problems” when this preoccupation is absent. We highlight the importance of understanding whether feeding or eating problems are separate from autism traits, and the role of caregivers and other adults in the child’s treatment. Considerations for health-care providers to assist with diagnosis and treatment are also provided.

Measures of Eating Disorder Symptoms and Body Image Disturbance

2011 ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Susan Kashubeck-West ◽  
Kendra Saunders ◽  
Hsin-hsin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms

scholarly journals Eating Disorder Symptoms and Body Image in Adolescents from Public Schools in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roges Ghidini Dias ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigo Rech ◽  
Ricardo Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Figure Rating Scale ◽  
Eat 26

There is growing recognition of the adverse effects of body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorder (ED) symptoms on adolescent health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ED symptoms, BID, and their relationship in adolescents from public schools in Southern Brazil. A total of 782 schoolchildren (male: n=420, female: n=362); age: 15 ± 0,4 years) answered a self-administrated questionnaire to identify sociodemographic data. Children´s Figure Rating Scale was adopted to identify body image and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was applied to investigate ED symptoms. Inferential statistics and hierarchical model-controlled logistic regression were used for association between variables. Most of the schoolchildren reported being satisfied with their bodies. However, we observed a higher prevalence of dissatisfaction among girls for being overweight and thinness among boys. Female students and students from schools located in the central area of the city showed higher chances of developing ED symptoms, and the absence of symptoms of ED appeared to act as a protective factor against BID in schoolchildren. Results of this study show the need to reflect on these factors that influence the development of ED and non-acceptance of their own body in a population concerned with their physical appearance.

Association Between Paranoia And Anorexia Nervosa In Adolescents: What Factors Are Involved? 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Catone ◽  
Filomena Salerno ◽  
Giulia Muzzo ◽  
Valentina Lanzara ◽  
Antonella Gritti
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Body Image Concerns

Abstract Background: psychiatric comorbidities are of particular interest in Eating disorders. The association between anorexia nervosa and psychotic disorders is less studied than that with affective disorders (anxiety/depression). The aim of this study is to describe a psychotic symptom (paranoia) in adolescents with Eating Disorders looking at several potential explicative associated factors: eating disorder symptoms, body image concerns, depression and social anxiety. Our hypothesis is that paranoia in AN patients is more explained by the concomitant depression and social anxiety symptoms than core symptoms of the disease (eating disorder symptoms or body image concerns). Methods: this is a retrospective cross sectional study and consecutive, help-seeking adolescents admitted to the Eating Disorder service of the Integrated Pediatric Care Department, Luigi Vanvitelli University Hospital constituted the sample. Data was obtained trough retrospective collection of clinical interviews and self – report questionnaires administered by trained and expert child and adolescent psychiatrists. Results: We obtained data from 92 adolescents with Eating Disorders. Paranoia was dimensionally distributed in the sample (mean: 22,17 SD: 17,7; median 18 IQR: 7/36; range: 0-62). Our regression model explained that paranoia in this population was better explained by depression (coefficient= 0,415 SD: 0,210, p=0,052) and social anxiety symptoms (coefficient= 0,253 SD: 0,060; p<0,001) than eating disorder symptoms (coefficient= 0,092 SD: 0,107; p=0,398) and body image concerns (coefficient= 1,916 SD: 2,079; p=0,359) that did not retain their significance when all our predictive factors entered in the model. Conclusion: This study has some theoretical, clinical and treatment implications. It is important to carrying out screening for the presence of psychotic symptoms in patients with Eating Disorders. These symptoms and associated factors (depression and social anxiety) may complicate the clinical picture of the disease with the need, in certain cases, of psychopharmacological drugs and, among these, anti-psychotics. Finally in the psychotherapy context, paranoid idea may be subject of treatment for patient with EDs.

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