scholarly journals Motion Coherence and Luminance Contrast Interact in Driving Visual Gamma-Band Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Pellegrini ◽  
David J Hawellek ◽  
Anna-Antonia Pape ◽  
Joerg F Hipp ◽  
Markus Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Motion Coherence ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

Abstract Synchronized neuronal population activity in the gamma-frequency range (>30 Hz) correlates with the bottom-up drive of various visual features. It has been hypothesized that gamma-band synchronization enhances the gain of neuronal representations, yet evidence remains sparse. We tested a critical prediction of the gain hypothesis, which is that features that drive synchronized gamma-band activity interact super-linearly. To test this prediction, we employed whole-head magnetencephalography in human subjects and investigated if the strength of visual motion (motion coherence) and luminance contrast interact in driving gamma-band activity in visual cortex. We found that gamma-band activity (64–128 Hz) monotonically increased with coherence and contrast, while lower frequency activity (8–32 Hz) decreased with both features. Furthermore, as predicted for a gain mechanism, we found a multiplicative interaction between motion coherence and contrast in their joint drive of gamma-band activity. The lower frequency activity did not show such an interaction. Our findings provide evidence that gamma-band activity acts as a cortical gain mechanism that nonlinearly combines the bottom-up drive of different visual features.

scholarly journals Motion Coherence and Luminance Contrast Interact in Driving Visual Gamma-Band Activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Pellegrini ◽  
David J Hawellek ◽  
Anna-Antonia Pape ◽  
Joerg F Hipp ◽  
Markus Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Motion Coherence ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractSynchronized neuronal population activity in the gamma-frequency range (> 30 Hz) correlates with the bottom-up drive of various visual features. It has been hypothesized that gamma-band synchronization enhances the gain of neuronal representations, yet evidence remains sparse. We tested a critical prediction of the gain hypothesis, which is that features that drive synchronized gamma-band activity interact super-linearly. To test this prediction, we employed whole-head magnetencephalography (MEG) in human subjects and investigated if the strength of visual motion (motion coherence) and luminance contrast interact in driving gamma-band activity in visual cortex. We found that gamma-band activity (64 to 128 Hz) monotonically increased with coherence and contrast while lower frequency activity (8 to 32 Hz) decreased with both features. Furthermore, as predicted for a gain mechanism, we found a multiplicative interaction between motion coherence and contrast in their joint drive of gamma-band activity. The lower frequency activity did not show such an interaction. Our findings provide evidence, that gamma-band activity acts as a cortical gain mechanism that nonlinearly combines the bottom-up drive of different visual features in support of visually guided behavior.

scholarly journals Volitional control of Amygdala gamma band activity from depth electrodes in human subjects – a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchemodanov Natalia ◽  
Gazit Tomer ◽  
Yamin Hagar ◽  
Raz Gal ◽  
Jackont Gilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Volitional Control ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Stimulus-specific plasticity in human visual gamma-band activity and functional connectivity

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Stauch ◽  
Alina Peter ◽  
Heike Schuler ◽  
Pascal Fries
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Stimulus Repetition ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Processing ◽  
Plastic Changes ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

Under natural conditions, the visual system often sees a given input repeatedly. This provides an opportunity to optimize processing of the repeated stimuli. Stimulus repetition has been shown to strongly modulate neuronal-gamma band synchronization, yet crucial questions remained open. Here we used magnetoencephalography in 30 human subjects and find that gamma decreases across ≈10 repetitions and then increases across further repetitions, revealing plastic changes of the activated neuronal circuits. Crucially, increases induced by one stimulus did not affect responses to other stimuli, demonstrating stimulus specificity. Changes partially persisted when the inducing stimulus was repeated after 25 minutes of intervening stimuli. They were strongest in early visual cortex and increased interareal feedforward influences. Our results suggest that early visual cortex gamma synchronization enables adaptive neuronal processing of recurring stimuli. These and previously reported changes might be due to an interaction of oscillatory dynamics with established synaptic plasticity mechanisms.

Perceptual, Oculomotor, and Neural Responses to Moving Color Plaids

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R Dobkins ◽  
Gene R Stoner ◽  
Thomas D Albright
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Motion Coherence ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Phase Relationships

Moving plaids constructed from two achromatic gratings of identical luminance contrast are known to yield a percept of coherent pattern motion, as are plaids constructed from two identical chromatic (eg isoluminant red/green) gratings. To examine the interactive influences of chromatic and luminance contrast on the integration of visual motion signals, we constructed plaids with gratings that possessed both forms of contrast. We used plaids of two basic types, which differed with respect to the phase relationship between chromatic and luminance modulations (after Kooi et al, 1992 Perception21 583–598). One plaid type (‘symmetric’) was made from component gratings that had identical chromatic/luminance phase relationships (eg both components were red-bright/green-dark modulation). The second plaid type (‘asymmetric’) was made from components that had complimentary phase relationships (ie one red-bright/green-dark grating and one green-bright/red-dark grating). Human subjects reported that the motion of symmetric plaids was perceptually coherent, while the components of asymmetric plaids failed to cohere. We also recorded eye movements elicited by both types of plaids to determine if they are similarly affected by these image cues for motion coherence. Results demonstrate that, under many conditions, eye movements elicited by perceptually coherent vs noncoherent plaids are distinguishable from one another. To reveal the neural bases of these perceptual and oculomotor phenomena, we also recorded the responses of neurons in the middle temporal visual area (area MT) of macaque visual cortex. Here we found that individual neurons exhibited differential tuning to symmetric vs asymmetric plaids. These neurophysiological results demonstrate that the neural mechanism for motion coherence is sensitive to the phase relationship between chromatic and luminance contrast, a finding which has implications for interactions between ‘color’ and ‘motion’ processing streams in the primate visual system.

Gamma band activity in an auditory oddball paradigm studied with the wavelet transform

2001 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G Gurtubay ◽  
M Alegre ◽  
A Labarga ◽  
A Malanda ◽  
J Iriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Auditory Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Increased Thalamic Gamma Band Activity Correlates with Symptom Relief following Deep Brain Stimulation in Humans with Tourette’s Syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e44215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Maling ◽  
Rowshanak Hashemiyoon ◽  
Kelly D. Foote ◽  
Michael S. Okun ◽  
Justin C. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Deep Brain

Gamma band activity and its synchronization reflect the dysfunctional emotional processing in alexithymic persons

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Matsumoto ◽  
Yoko Ichikawa ◽  
Noriaki Kanayama ◽  
Hideki Ohira ◽  
Tetsuya Iidaka
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Increased EEG gamma band activity in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. van Deursen ◽  
E. F. P. M. Vuurman ◽  
F. R. J. Verhey ◽  
V. H. J. M. van Kranen-Mastenbroek ◽  
W. J. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

Interictal Abnormalities of Gamma Band Activity in Visual Evoked Responses in Migraine: An Indication of Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1360-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Coppola ◽  
A Ambrosini ◽  
L Di Clemente ◽  
D Magis ◽  
A Fumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Visual Evoked Responses ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Visual Evoked

Between attacks, migraineurs lack habituation in standard visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Visual stimuli also evoke high-frequency oscillations in the gamma band range (GBOs, 20–35 Hz) assumed to be generated both at subcortical (early GBOs) and cortical levels (late GBOs). The consecutive peaks of GBOs were analysed regarding amplitude and habituation in six successive blocks of 100 averaged pattern reversal (PR)-VEPs in healthy volunteers and interictally in migraine with (MA) or without aura patients. Amplitude of the two early GBO components in the first PR-VEP block was significantly increased in MA patients. There was a significant habituation deficit of the late GBO peaks in migraineurs. The increased amplitude of early GBOs could be related to the increased interictal visual discomfort reported by patients. We hypothesize that the hypo-functioning serotonergic pathways may cause, in line with the thalamocortical dysrhythmia theory, a functional disconnection of the thalamus leading to decreased intracortical lateral inhibition, which can induce dishabituation.

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