Urinary Chorionic Gonadotrophin Determination

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Watson
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Missed Abortion ◽  
Abnormal Pregnancy ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Abstract Successful laboratory tests for early pregnancy utilize the endogenous production and excretion of chorionic gonadotrophin (CG). There is wide variation in sensitivity and specificity of various biological and commercially available immunochemical methods for determining urinary CG levels. Normal values for immunochemically reactive CG during the first trimester of pregnancy are given. Serial determinations of CG have diagnostic value in assessing various abnormal pregnancy states. An abnormally increased urinary output of CG is observed in some neoplasms—e.g., chorionepithelioma, and a rapidly rising CG level is strongly suggestive of molar pregnancy. Urinary CG levels falling below the normal range mayindicate an ectopic pregnancy or an inevitable, incomplete, or "missed" abortion. The immunochemical CG determination also offers a sensitive, simple, and convenient routine method for following patients who have been treated for hydatidiformmole or chorionepithelioma.

scholarly journals Thyroid size and thyroid function during pregnancy: an analysis

1998 ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Berghout ◽  
W Wiersinga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
And Function ◽  
Reducing Energy ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Stimulation Of

An analysis of all available studies of thyroid size and function in pregnancy reveals that thyroid size, estimated by inspection and palpation or measured more accurately by ultrasonography, increases in pregnancy in areas of iodine deficiency but not in those with sufficient iodine. The increase in average thyroid size is within the normal range, and can partly be prevented by treatment with extra iodine or thyroxine. There is a slight transient increase in free thyroxine in the first trimester, probably as a result of physiological stimulation of thyroid function by human choriogonadotrophin. These levels then decrease by about 30% to low normal values in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in both iodine-depleted and -replete areas. These changes resemble those of non-thyroidal illness and may well play a role in reducing energy expenditure during pregnancy. The increase in thyroid size in iodine-deficient areas is probably due to autoregulatory mechanisms of iodine on thyroid growth. The hypothesis is supported by the fact that, during pregnancy, thyroid volume and thyroid function adapt in a physiological way to meet the increased demands for iodine and energy.

scholarly journals The Role of Platelet Indices in Prediction of Pre-eclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Walaa Abdelghafar Elbasuony ◽  
Hossam Abd el-mohsein Hodeib ◽  
Adel Elshahat Eljejawy ◽  
Karam Abd el-fattah Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Obstetric Care ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: The aim of this work is to investigate the diagnostic value of platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), the PC to MPV ratio and platelet distribution width (PDW) for prediction of pre-eclampsia (PE). Subjects and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 100 pregnant women, in the first trimester of pregnancy attending to University Hospital, Obstetric Outpatient Clinic, for routine obstetric care from January 2019 to December 2019. Routine obstetric follow-up consists of monthly visits until 32nd gestational week, bimonthly visits between 32nd and 36th gestational week, and weekly thereafter. Patients were classified into two groups: group I: 9 pre-eclamptic patients and group II: non pre-eclamptic 91 patients. CBC indices were measured at each planned visit Results: PC, PC/MPV were significantly decreased, MPV and PDW were significantly increased in group I than group II at the 2nd part of pregnancy. To predict pre-eclampsia, PC at cut-off ≤214, sensitivity was 77.78, specificity was 76.92. MPV at cut-off >9.7, sensitivity was 77.78, specificity was 100.00, PC-MPV at cut-off ≤26.89, sensitivity was 88.89, specificity was 78.02. PDW at cut-off >10.4, sensitivity was 88.89, specificity was 54.95. Conclusion: The increase in the MPV and PDW and the decrease in PC and PC/MPV were observed in preeclampsia. Thus, the platelet indices which are easily available, as well as economical, can also be used in the prediction and early diagnosis of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals A role of comprehensive cervix assessment in the first trimester of pregnancy for predicting preterm delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
V. G. Volkov ◽  
O. V. Chursina
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Delivery Term ◽  
Group 1

Aim: to improve efficacy of predicting preterm labor in the first trimester of pregnancy by combining diverse parameters of cervical ultrasound examination.Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 1517 women with uncomplicated pregnancy was performed. Inclusion criteria were: females underwent cervicometry at 11–14 weeks of gestation, singleton pregnancy, revealing no complaints at the onset of examination. All women were subdivided into four groups: Group 1 – 27 pregnant women with shortened cervix (less than 30 mm); Group 2 – 24 pregnant women without cervical gland area (СGA); Group 3 – 30 pregnant women with two risk factors (shortened cervix less than 30 mm and lacked СGA); Group 4 (control) consisted of 1436 pregnant women with cervix length exceeding 30 mm and presence of СGA.Results. Average delivery term in Group 1 was 35.7 weeks (95 % CI = 34.7–36.8), in Group 2 – 34.7 weeks (95 % CI = 33.59–35.0), in Group 3 – 33.23 weeks (95 % CI = 31.6–34.8), in Group 4 (control) – 38.11 weeks (95 % CI = 38.06–38.17). A significant moderate correlation (Rxy = 0.534) between shortened cervix, absence of СGA and delivery term was found (p < 0.001). A regression model consisting of cervical length and presence of СGA was simulated based upon 50.8 % factors underlying probability of preterm birth, revealing 42.6 % sensitivity, 99.1 % specificity, and 96.6 % overall diagnostic value. The area under the ROC curve was 0.902 ± 0.022 (95 % CI = 0.860–0.945). The data obtained reflect diverse biochemical changes such as collagen decomposition, altered glucosamine level and fluid amount within cervical tissues. Such processes result in shortened, softened and expanded (matured) cervix. Uncovering markers for preterm cervical maturation underlies a logical strategy to predict miscarriage.Conclusion. Untrasound cervical measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy allows for revealing valuable miscarriage predictors (shortened cervix and absence of GI). Risk assessment by combining diverse ultrasound cervix parameters would allow to improve overall predictive efficacy.

Coagulation Studies in Liver Disease

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acke Hallén ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Viii Level

SummaryVarious caogulation factors were studied in 20 cases of liver cirrhosis for their possible diagnostic value. Special attention was given to determination of antithrombin (AT), and AT values were also studied in a series of hepatitis and obstructive jaundice.The P & P test was decreased in 75%, the factor V content in 83%, the factor IX content in 40% and the platelet count in 55% of the cases of liver cirrhosis.Increased fibrinolytic activity was noted in 5 cases. Only 2 cases had significantly decreased fibrinogen levels and most probably due to fibrinolysis. The AHF (f. VIII) level was slightly decreased in 2 cases, one of which had fibrinolysis, while the other had normal AHF levels.In 12 of 18 cases of liver cirrhosis the AT II and III was decreased and only in one case was it increased but the decreased values deviated only slightly from the normal range. AT II and III in 23 cases of obstructive icterus and in 19 cases of hepatitis gave practically normal values.Judging from our results determination of P & P and factor V is valuable in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Determination of AT II and III by use of an improved method proved not to give any further help in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis or the differential diagnosis between cirrhosis, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin and subunit composition of maternal serum and coelomic and amniotic fluids in the first trimester of pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Iles ◽  
N. C. Wathen ◽  
D. J. Campbell ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Subunit Composition ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Β Hcg

ABSTRACT Sixteen matched samples of first trimester amniotic fluid (AF), extraembryonic coelomic fluid (EECF) and maternal serum (MS) were assayed for intact human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and free subunits. Total β-hCG (free β-subunit and intact hCG) levels in the EECF (median 410 kIU/l) were 61 times greater than levels in AF (median 6·73 kIU/l) and 2·8 times greater than in MS (median 141·5 kIU/l). Levels of intact hCG in the EECF (median 245 kIU/l) were 142 times greater than in AF (median 1·73 kIU/l) and 1·6 times greater than in MS (median 157 kIU/l). Free α-subunit levels in EECF (median 17·3 mg/l) were 66 times greater than in AF (median 0·262 mg/l) and 12 times greater than in MS (median 1·3 mg/l). Virtually all of the total β-hCG immunoreactivity in MS can be attributed to intact hCG, but only 60% of total β-hCG in the EECF and 20% of that in AF can be accounted for by the intact hormone. In both EECF and AF the free α-subunit was a major constituent; on a molar basis the ratio of free α:free β:intact hCG was 1:1·2:0·3 in AF, 1:0·6:0·5 in EECF and 1:0:5 in MS. Chromatography of MS, EECF and AF on Sephadex G-100 confirmed the hCG and subunit composition of the fluids. On the basis of these findings it seems likely that previous studies showing very high levels of hCG in AF during the first trimester may have incorrectly sampled the EECF. In reality, the levels of total hCG (and free subunits) are low in the AF, and only 20% is intact hCG. In both AF and EECF the free subunits may have been derived by dissociation of intact hormone, or possibly by independent synthesis. These and other findings suggest that either the amnion acts as a barrier to the transfer of proteins or that there may be dynamic removal from this compartment. By contrast, the EECF might act as a relatively stable reservoir for these proteins. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 135, 563–569

scholarly journals Modulation of human chorionic gonadotrophin bioactivity during the first trimester of pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2629-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mock ◽  
P. Bischof ◽  
R. Rivest ◽  
A. Campana ◽  
D. Chardonnens
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy
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