The Use of Ultraviolet Irradiation in the Estimation of Retinol (Vitamin A Alcohol) and Its Derivatives

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton S Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Quantitative studies on the estimation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) and its derivatives retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl acetate, and retinyl palmitate in dilute solution using the method of destruction by ultraviolet irradiation, showed that retinoic acid in organic solvents required a period of irradiation of from 2.5 to 8 times as long for destruction as did the other forms of the vitamin. This fact should be taken into consideration in any attempt to apply the method of Bessey et al. (1) for the analysis of retinoic acid in biologic material. Furthermore, standard solutions of retinoic acid in organic solvents are more stable after storage in the dark than are the other derivatives of the vitamin.

Retention of a Single Oral Massive Dose of Vitamin A

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Pereira ◽  
Almas Begum
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
School Children ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Massive Dose

1. Six pre-school children with normal intestinal absorption were given 100000 μg of retinyl palmitate and 14·4 μCi of [11,12-3H]retinyl acetate. 2. The absorption, excretion and retention of the label were determined. 3. The children retained 23–54% of the label. 4. The inefficacy of the massive dose as a prophylaxis against deficiency is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vitamin A in Multivitamin Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
A. S. Alekseeva ◽  
T. B. Shemeryankina ◽  
M. N. Lyakina ◽  
M. S. Smirnova ◽  
E. P. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Preliminary Purification

Vitamin A is present in multivitamin products mainly in the form of retinol esters: retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, and beta carotene—retinol precursor (dimer) found in plants, which is capable of converting into retinol in liver cells. Retinol is determined in medicinal products primarily by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with preliminary purification and vitamin isolation by liquid-liquid extraction. However, scientific literature also describes other methods of sample preparation and analysis of such compounds. An important issue is differentiation of vitamin A from other fat-soluble vitamins often included as components in multivitamin products. The aim of the study was to analyse and summarise data on current methods used for determination of vitamin A and its derivatives in medicinal products. The authors analysed the range of vitamin A products authorised in the Russian Federation, and the test methods described in their product specification files. The study demonstrated that the test method most often used for determination of retinol esters was HPLC with isocratic elution mode using octadecylsilyl packing in the reverse-phase mode, and, less frequently, aminopropylsilyl packing in the normal phase mode. Determination of beta carotene in medicinal products is most often performed using spectrophotometry. 

scholarly journals Retinoic acid regulation of renal tubular epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-781
Author(s):  
R J Anderson ◽  
C J Ray ◽  
B G Hattler
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Retinoic Acids ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Derivatives Of

Vitamin A and its derivatives have been postulated to play an important role in renal tubulogenesis and compensatory hypertrophy. This study examined the effects of two carboxylic derivatives of vitamin A on Lewis lung carcinoma-porcine kidney-1 (LLC-PK1) renal tubular epithelial cell mito- and motogenesis and cell size. It was found that all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acids exerted modest, dose-dependent effects to stimulate incorporation of 3H-thymidine into acid-precipitable material of LLC-PK1 cells. The effects of all-trans retinoic acid to promote 3H-thymidine uptake in LLC-PK1 cells modestly enhanced that seen with acidic fibroblastic growth factor. Similar findings of these two retinoic acid derivatives to promote 3H-thymidine uptake and to enhance 3H-thymidine uptake stimulated by another growth factor (platelet-derived growth factor BB) were also observed in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Both retinoic acids promoted healing of denuded areas made within confluent monolayers of serum-starved LLC-PK1 cells. All-trans retinoic acid also stimulated recovery of mechanically denuded areas within bovine aortic smooth muscle monolayers. Neither all-trans nor 13-cis retinoic acids s affected cell size as assessed by forward light scatter with flow cytometry, suggesting lack of effect to induce hypertrophy. These results demonstrate that two carboxylic acid derivatives of vitamin A are capable of stimulation of basal and growth factor-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine uptake into acid-precipitable material and healing of denuded areas in disparate cell types. These findings are compatible with a role for vitamin A and its analogues in the tissue repair process.

scholarly journals Interactions in indices of vitamin A, zinc and copper status when these nutrients are fed to rats at adequate and increased levels

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sundaresan ◽  
Susan M. Kaup ◽  
Paddy W. Wiesenfeld ◽  
Stuart J. Chirtel ◽  
Susan C. Hight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Serum Ceruloplasmin ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cu And Zn

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding nutritionally adequate and increased levels of vitamin A (retinyl acetate at 1·4, 34·4, and 206·4 mg/kg diet) in combination with adequate or increased Zn (12 and 240 mg/kg) and Cu (5 and 50mg/kg) on serum and tissue concentrations of retinol and retinyl palmitate and on indices of Cu and Zn status in female Sprague–Dawley rats, and to measure interactive effects of such nutrient imbalances. Rats fed on diets containing 34·4 and 206·4 mg vitamin A/kg had higher feed intakes and relative Liver weights than those fed on diets containing 1.4mg vitamin A/kg. An interaction between dietary Cu and Zn and an independent effect of vitamin A affected serum ceruloplasmin oxidase (EC 1.16.3.1) activity. Rats fed on high Zn, adequate-Cu diets (240 and 5 mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively) had lower serum ceruloplasmin oxidase levels than rats fed on adequate-Zn, adequate-Cu diets (12 and 5 mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively). This effect was not observed in rats fed on high-Zn, high-Cu diets (240 and 50mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively). Alterations in dietary levels of Cu and vitamin A independently affected haemoglobin levels. Serum cholesterol concentration was affected by interactions between Zn and vitamin A and Cu and vitamin A. Levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver and kidney were significantly higher in rats fed on diets with increased dietary vitamin A than in those fed on diets with adequate vitamin A. Three-way interactions among Cu, Zn, and vitamin A affected levels of retinol in serum and liver. Two-way interactions between Cu and vitamin A affected liver retinyl palmitate and the sum of liver retinol + retinyl palmitate. An independent effect of dietary Zn on these variables was also observed. Interactions between Cu and vitamin A affected levels of Cu in liver and kidney, while Fe and Zn in kidney were affected by interactions between Cu and Zn. This study demonstrates that differing interactions among variables of vitamin A metabolism and mineral status occur with higher dietary levels of vitamin A, Zn and Cu in the rat

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