Differences between young and elderly subjects in seasonal and circadian variations of total plasma proteins and blood volume as reflected by hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Touitou ◽  
C Touitou ◽  
A Bogdan ◽  
A Reinberg ◽  
A Auzeby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Circadian Variations

Abstract Circadian and seasonal rhythms in total plasma proteins were documented in healthy young men (around 24 years old), and in elderly subjects (both sexes), including senile-dementia patients in their eighties. The concentration of plasma proteins within a given group changed predictably (7-13%), depending on the hour of sampling and the season. Concentrations decreased noticeably around 04:00 h, then peaked around 08:00 h (shortly after waking). The 24-h mean concentrations of total plasma proteins were lower in the elderly groups than in the young men. But the seasonal variations of the 24-h mean values were strikingly larger in the elderly groups (7-8 g/L) than in the young men (2-5 g/L). Moreover, the circadian profiles of plasma proteins differed from the profiles of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte counts. Evidently, circadian variations of blood volume may not be the only element accounting for the variations of plasma protein concentrations. We suggest that the rhythms in plasma protein concentrations be taken into account when reference values are set. Circadian and seasonal variations in plasma proteins may also significantly affect the transport and binding of drugs, especially in the aged.

Anti-Cholinergic Drugs and Memory: the Effects of Benzhexol on Memory in a Group of Geriatric Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Potamianos ◽  
J. M. Kellett
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Word List ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Immediate Recall

SummaryA double blind trial on the effects of 2 mg of benzhexol on memory was performed on thirteen elderly subjects without cognitive impairment. The tests given 90 minutes after the drug or placebo involved learning a list of ten words, a paired-associate learning task, learning a short story and a test of digit span. Subjects were asked to recall the word list one minute after an interfering task, and 6 items from the story directly. Digit span involved immediate recall and the paired learning was measured by the number of trials necessary to learn. All tests were significantly impaired by the benzhexol except for digit span. This suggests that muscarinic blocking drugs should be avoided in the elderly, as they mimic the memory deficits found in senile dementia of Alzheimer type.

Computed Tomography in the Elderly 2. Senile Dementia: Diagnosis and Functional Impairment

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J. Jacoby ◽  
Raymond Levy
Keyword(s):  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Ct Data

SummaryClinical, psychometric and computed tomographic (CT) data are presented on three groups of elderly subjects: 50 normals, 40 patients with senile dementia and 41 suffering from affective disorder. Demented subjects showed significantly more CT evidence of cerebral atrophy than non-demented subjects, but there was considerable overlap. Although patients with a history or clinical signs of cerebral infarction were specifically excluded, such infarcts were found more often in CT scans of the dementia subjects than in the others, particularly when the diastolic blood pressure was raised. When correlating cognitive impairment with CT changes, ventricular size emerged as more important in the dementia patients, in contrast to the controls, in whom cortical atrophy was related to lower scores on a cognitive test. Other interesting findings included an inverse relationship between cortical atrophy and paranoid delusions.

scholarly journals Determination of circulating blood volume by continuously monitoring hematocrit during hemodialysis.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Leypoldt ◽  
A K Cheung ◽  
R R Steuer ◽  
D H Harris ◽  
J M Conis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Before And After

Dialysis-induced hypovolemia occurs because the rate of extracorporeal ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of refilling of the blood compartment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a method for calculating circulating blood volume (BV) during hemodialysis (HD) from changes in hematocrit (Hct) shortly (2 to 10 min) before and after ultrafiltration (UF) was abruptly stopped. Hct was monitored continuously during 93 HD treatment sessions in 16 patients by an optical technique and at selected times by centrifugation of blood samples. Total plasma protein and albumin concentrations were also measured at selected times. Continuously monitored Hct correlated with Hct determined by centrifugation (R = 0.89, N = 579). Relative changes in BV determined by continuously monitored Hct were not different from those determined by total plasma protein concentration (P = 0.05; N = 273). Calculated BV at the start of dialysis (4.1 +/- 1.3 L) was not different (P = 0.18, N = 12) from that derived anthropometrically from the patient's dry weight (4.6 +/- 0.8 L), and calculated BV when UF was stopped was 3.2 +/- 0.5 L (46 +/- 7 ml/kg body wt). These latter estimates of BV are consistent with those determined previously by dilution techniques in HD patients. It was concluded that (1) relative changes in BV assessed by continuously monitored Hct were unbiased and (2) BV can be determined noninvasively during HD by continuously monitoring Hct and temporarily stopping UF.

scholarly journals Estimation of the selectivity of sorbents for IgG binding based on tripeptide ligands

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Y. S. Pustsyulga ◽  
O. V. Gribovskaya ◽  
E. M. Ermola ◽  
V. P. Golubovich ◽  
A. G. Moiseenok
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Igg Binding ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Low Activity

Biospecific sorbents for the removal of IgG and subclasses from biological fluids based on oligopeptides, containing aromatic amino acid residues, were created. The selectivity properties of specific sorbents for IgM, IgE, and plasma proteins were evaluated. It was found that the created sorbents exhibit the low activity to the total plasma protein, albumin, IgM, IgE and are highly specific for IgG.

Plasma proteins in the blood of fishes from the Gulf of Mexico

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Sulya ◽  
B. E. Box ◽  
Gordon Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Globulin Fraction ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

The plasma proteins of 14 families and 26 species of fishes from Gulf coast marine waters have been studied electrophoretically. Analbuminemia has been observed not only in elasmobranchs, but in gars and some clupeids, as well as in two species of higher fishes. Analbuminemia is characteristic of the lower fishes and gradually disappears as fishes become more complex, but not entirely, since the condition exists in a few higher fishes. In addition, several species were lacking in the alpha-1-globulin fraction. There is an increase in complexity of plasma proteins from lower to higher fishes. The plasma proteins show specific differences and may be quite different in closely related fishes. The total plasma protein is lower than in mammals.

scholarly journals THE CONCENTRATION OF THE PLASMA PROTEINS IN NEPHRITIS

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Linder ◽  
C. Lundsgaard ◽  
D. D. Van Slyke
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Sharp Difference

In nephrosclerosis (Volhard and Fahr classification of nephritis) there was no decrease in the plasma proteins. With heart failure the ratio of albumin to globulin fell from the normal 1.7 ± 0.3 to about 1. There is a sharp difference between the two types of glomerulonephritis in the effect on plasma proteins. In the vascular-interstitial type the effect was the same as in nephrosclerosis. There was no decrease in the plasma proteins until shortly before death. In the glomerulotubular or nephrotic type, active or recently active, the total plasma proteins were less than 5 gm. per 100 cc. This decrease from the normal 5.5 to 7.5 occurred whether edema was present or absent. The decrease affected chiefly the albumin, the globulin being usually diminished but little, and sometimes slightly increased. Consequently the ratio of albumin to globulin was reduced to less than 1, and occasionally to 0.6. In nephrosis similar changes were found in the total protein concentration but in severe cases the decrease in albumin was greater than in nephrotic glomerulonephritis while the globulin was either very slightly reduced or was increased. The albumin : globulin ratio was therefore lower than in nephrotic glomerulonephritis, ranging down to 0.26. With the disappearance of edema there was usually an increase in the plasma protein concentration, but this was not invariable, and concentrations of 4.5 per cent or less were compatible with the persistent absence of edema. The ratio of albumin to globulin showed an irregular tendency to rise. Whenever the total concentration was less than 4 per cent there was some edema present, but it was sometimes slight in amount. With recovery in acute cases, and remission with decrease of proteinuria in chronic cases, normal concentrations were regained. The albumin : globulin ratio remained low in some instances for a longer period on account of an absolute increase in globulin concentration. In "functional proteinuria" no change in plasma proteins was found. Low plasma protein concentrations were always associated with considerable losses of protein in the urine, but these losses did not provide an explanation for all our observations. A disturbance in the production of the plasma proteins appears probable.

Seasonal variations in blood volume and circulating metabolite levels of the Husky dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hannon ◽  
John L. Durrer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

The total blood volumes of Alaskan Husky dogs, continuously exposed out-of-doors in the subarctic, were approximately 25% greater in the winter than in the summer. This increase was the summated result of a 38% increase in total erythrocyte volume and a 14% increase in total plasma volume. Chemical analyses of the blood plasma showed large summer to winter increases in total lipids (44%) and phospholipids (40%) and more moderate increases in plasma proteins (28%), cholesterol (24%), and nonprotein nitrogen (14%).

Osmotic reflection coefficient for total plasma protein in lung microvessels

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rippe ◽  
M. Townsley ◽  
J. C. Parker ◽  
A. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Gain Curve ◽  
Osmotic Reflection Coefficient

The osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma) for total plasma proteins was estimated in 11 isolated blood-perfused canine lungs. Sigma's were determined by first measuring the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,C in ml X min-1 X 100g-1 X cmH2O-1) using increased hydrostatic pressures and time 0 extrapolation of the slope of the weight gain curve. Kf,C averaged 0.19 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD) for 14 separate determinations in the 11 lungs. Following a Kf,C determination, the isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pc,i) was determined and averaged 9.9 +/- 0.5 cmH2O for all controls reported in this study. Then the blood colloids in the perfusate were either diluted or concentrated. The lung either gained or lost weight, respectively, and an initial slope of the weight gain curve (delta W/delta t)0 was estimated. The change in plasma protein colloid osmotic pressure (delta IIP) was measured using a membrane osmometer. The measured delta IIP was related to the effective colloid osmotic pressure (delta IIM) by delta IIM = (delta W/delta t)0/Kf,C = sigma delta IIP. Using this relationship, sigma averaged 0.65 +/- 0.06, and the least-squares linear regression equation relating Pc,i and the measured IIP was Pc,i = -3.1 + 0.67 IIP. The mean estimate of sigma (0.65) for total plasma proteins is similar to that reported for dog lung using lymphatic protein flux analyses, although lower than estimates made in skeletal muscle using the present methods (approximately 0.95).

Impact of Anesthesia on the Cognitive Functioning of the Elderly

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Ritchie ◽  
Catherine Polge ◽  
Guilhem de Roquefeuil ◽  
Michel Djakovic ◽  
Bernard Ledesert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Anesthetic Agents

Exposure to general anesthesia has been suggested as a possible cause of long-term cognitive impairment in elderly subjects. The present study reviews the literature in this field in order to describe postoperative cognitive impairment in elderly populations, to determine to what extent this may be attributed to anesthetic agents, and to consider evidence of a causal relationship between anesthesia and onset of senile dementia. A systematic literature search was conducted using five bibliographic databases (PASCAL, Medline, Excerpta Medica, Psychological Abstracts, and Science Citation Index). Significant cognitive dysfunction was found to be common in elderly persons 1 to 3 days after surgery, but reports of longer-term impairment are inconsistent due to the heterogeneity of the procedures used and populations targeted in such studies. Incidence rates vary widely according to type of surgery, suggesting that factors other than anesthesia explain a significant proportion of the observed variance. Anesthesia appears to be associated with longer-term cognitive disorder and the acceleration of senile dementia, but only in a small number of cases, suggesting the existence of other interacting etiological factors.

Adrenocortical hormones, ageing and mental condition: seasonal and circadian rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, total and free cortisol and urinary corticosteroids

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Touitou ◽  
José Sulon ◽  
André Bogdan ◽  
Alain Reinberg ◽  
Jean-Claude Sodoyez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urinary Free Cortisol ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Circannual Rhythm ◽  
Total Cortisol ◽  
Free Cortisol

The circannual rhythms of plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), total and free cortisol have been documented on a circadian basis in January, March, June and October in seven young men (24 years old), six elderly men, six elderly women and six elderly demented subjects, both men and women, in their eighties. Blood samples were drawn every 4 h over a 24-h period at each sampling session and urine samples were collected at 4-h intervals only from the young men. A circadian rhythm of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH-CS), 17-ketosteroids (17-KS), urinary free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC was defined for each of the four seasons with stable acrophases throughout the year and the same excretory profiles. A circannual rhythm was validated in young men for 17-OH-CS, urinary free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC but not for 17-KS. A circadian rhythm of plasma free cortisol, the active form of the hormone, plasma total cortisol and plasma 18-OH-DOC was validated in all groups and at all the seasons at which samples were taken. The secretory profiles of 18-OH-DOC, free and total cortisol were very similar, with no differences attributable to age, sex or mental condition except for the levels of plasma free cortisol and 18-OH-DOC which were higher and lower respectively in the elderly subjects. Whereas a circannual rhythm of plasma 18-OH-DOC was validated for all groups, a circannual rhythm of both free and total cortisol in the plasma was validated in young men but not in any group of elderly subjects. This loss of the circannual rhythmicity of cortisol in the elderly may reflect the decrease with age of the capacity to adapt to seasonal external factors.

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