scholarly journals Urinary Cotinine and Exposure to Parental Smoking in a Population of Children with Asthma

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Oddoze ◽  
Jean Christophe Dubus ◽  
Monique Badier ◽  
Xavier Thirion ◽  
Anne Marie Pauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Bronchial Responsiveness ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Studies of the effects of tobacco smoke often rely on reported exposure to cigarette smoke, a measure that is subject to bias. We describe here the relationship between parental smoking exposure as assessed by urinary cotinine excretion and lung function in children with asthma. Methods: We studied 90 children 4–14 years of age, who reported a confirmed diagnosis or symptoms of asthma. In each child, we assessed baseline pulmonary function (spirometry) and bronchial responsiveness to carbachol stimulation. Urinary cotinine was measured by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Results: Urinary cotinine concentrations in the children were significantly correlated (P <0.001) with the number of cigarettes the parents, especially the mothers, smoked. Bronchial responsiveness to carbachol (but not spirometry test results) was correlated (P <0.03) with urinary cotinine in the children. Conclusion: Passive smoke exposure increases the bronchial responsiveness to carbachol in asthmatic children.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL AND CHILDREN'S SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN E (IgE) AND ASTHMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Galant
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the Study. To examine parental factors that influence bronchial asthma and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in their children. Methods. The data in this study were derived from the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Diseases since 1972. Eleven evaluation periods have been performed since that time. Asthma histories were established by questionnaire. IgE levels were obtained in 738 children, 1043 fathers, and 1261 mothers. IgE levels were determined by paper radioimmunosorbent (PRIST) technique. IgE Z scores were established. An IgE Z score is the number of standard deviations IgE differs from matched age and sex-matched subjects and log corrected. Skin tests were performed by prick technique to house dust, mold, grass, tree and weed mix and appropriate controls. Results. The percentage of children with bronchial asthma increased with the presence of asthma in parents so that 11.5% of children with asthma occurred in families with no parental asthma compared with 48.6% when both parents had asthma. The rate of childhood bronchial asthma was significantly related to parental IgE levels only when the mother and father had bronchial asthma (43% vs 20%) and much less so (22% vs 10%), when there was no parental asthma. In addition, asthma in the child proved to be a highly significant determinant of the child's IgE Z score, even after correcting for parental IgE Z score. The presence of atopy (ie, positive skin tests) was also not a significant determinant of IgE levels in asthmatic children. Discussion. The authors conclude that the inheritance of IgE is only one factor related to the development of asthma, and is limited as a predictor.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Children with Asthma attending Chest Clinic at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1426-1431
Author(s):  
Satish Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Chest Clinic ◽  
Pediatric Chest ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Introduction: Asthma in children is one of the most common chronic diseases and little information available on factors associated with this disease in our part of the world. Objective:  The present study is an attempt to find out the socio-demographic and clinical profile of children with asthma. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of data of asthmatic children below 14 years attending pediatric chest clinic from July 2014 till March 2016. Results:  Of the 200 children, there were 142 (71%) males. The median age of presentation was 3 years and 139 (69.5%) from the age group 1-5years One third had poorly controlled asthma. Comorbidity was present in 59(29.5%) and allergic rhinitis (7%) was the most common. 90.5% had onset of wheezing before 5 years of age. Family history of asthma and/or atopy and smoking was present in 24% and 31%, respectively. 22% had exposure to pet animals. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (37%) was the most common trigger for exacerbation. Cough (99%) and fast breathing (98%) were the most common symptoms. Conclusion: The majorities were males of young age with rhinitis as most common co-morbidity and many of them had a history of parental smoking at home. One third of them had poorly controlled asthma which shows the need for proper management of asthma including its comorbidity in younger children and changing certain habits like parental smoking at home.

scholarly journals Assessing secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke exposure in Canadian infants using questionnaires, biomarkers, and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Parks ◽  
Kathleen E. McLean ◽  
Lawrence McCandless ◽  
Russell J. de Souza ◽  
Jeffrey R. Brook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Thirdhand Smoke ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Technological Improvements

Abstract Background As smoking prevalence has decreased in Canada, particularly during pregnancy and around children, and technological improvements have lowered detection limits, the use of traditional tobacco smoke biomarkers in infant populations requires re-evaluation. Objective We evaluated concentrations of urinary nicotine biomarkers, cotinine and trans-3’-hydroxycotinine (3HC), and questionnaire responses. We used machine learning and prediction modeling to understand sources of tobacco smoke exposure for infants from the CHILD Cohort Study. Methods Multivariable linear regression models, chosen through a combination of conceptual and data-driven strategies including random forest regression, assessed the ability of questionnaires to predict variation in urinary cotinine and 3HC concentrations of 2017 3-month-old infants. Results Although only 2% of mothers reported smoking prior to and throughout their pregnancy, cotinine and 3HC were detected in 76 and 89% of the infants’ urine (n = 2017). Questionnaire-based models explained 31 and 41% of the variance in cotinine and 3HC levels, respectively. Observed concentrations suggest 0.25 and 0.50 ng/mL as cut-points in cotinine and 3HC to characterize SHS exposure. This cut-point suggests that 23.5% of infants had moderate or regular smoke exposure. Significance Though most people make efforts to reduce exposure to their infants, parents do not appear to consider the pervasiveness and persistence of secondhand and thirdhand smoke. More than half of the variation in urinary cotinine and 3HC in infants could not be predicted with modeling. The pervasiveness of thirdhand smoke, the potential for dermal and oral routes of nicotine exposure, along with changes in public perceptions of smoking exposure and risk warrant further exploration.

Possible interaction between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and therapy in children with asthma

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe DUBUS ◽  
Christiane ODDOZE ◽  
Monique BADIER ◽  
Chantal GUILLOT ◽  
Bernard BRUGUEROLLE
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Bronchial Reactivity ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Doubling Dose ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Difference

1.The aim of the study was to determine the carbachol and albuterol responsiveness in treated and untreated asthmatic and allergic children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke assessed by urinary cotinine measurements. 2.Forty-six asthmatic and allergic children with normal spirometric values were recruited. The doubling dose, concentration of carbachol producing a 2-fold increase in specific airway resistance (SRaw) was determined and 200 ;μg of albuterol were administered via a Volumatic® spacer. The percentage of bronchodilatation was defined as the difference between the largest obtained SRaw and the post-β2 SRaw divided by the largest SRaw. Data were compared by a Mann–Whitney U-test. 3.The 23 children with a high urinary cotinine, compared with the 23 children without urinary cotinine, had a decreased doubling dose (108.2±14.7 ;μg versus 160.9±19.5 ;μg; P = 0.04) and an increased percentage of bronchodilatation (74.8±1.4% versus 68.8±1.8%; P = 0.03). A prophylactic anti-inflammatory treatment induced a weaker bronchial reactivity to carbachol and a slightly greater bronchodilatation in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. 4.Environmental tobacco smoke increases bronchial reactivity in asthmatic and allergic children. This effect might be reduced by anti-inflammatory therapy. The bronchodilator response may be enhanced in exposed children and may be caused by one or several direct interactions between tobacco smoke compounds and albuterol.

scholarly journals Relationship between Poorly Controlled Asthma and Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Asthma: A Two-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yun Guo ◽  
Xiuqing Zhang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Deyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. Asthma and sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) are common chronic respiratory diseases in children. The relationship between asthma and SRDB is bidirectional. However, only a few studies have analyzed the relationship between asthma control status and risk of SRBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma control and SRBD and further assess the relationship between therapy/atopy/lung function of children with asthma and SRBD. Methods. A total of 209 children aged 3–16 years were enrolled in this study. Pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) scores were used to identify children at high risk of developing SRBD. Data on asthma control status, therapy, allergy, lung function, and exhaled nitric oxide were collected. Results. A significantly higher risk of SRBD was found among children with poorly controlled asthma (34.25% vs. 13.97%, P  < 0.01) and allergic rhinitis (AR) (34.29% vs. 13.92%, P  < 0.01) than among children with well-controlled asthma and AR. The prevalence of SRBD was also significantly higher in asthmatic children with obesity than that with just obesity (42.11% vs. 20.00%, P  < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that poorly controlled asthma (OR, 2.746 (95% CI, 1.215–6.209); P  < 0.05) and poorly controlled AR (OR, 3.284 (95% CI, 1.430–7.544); P  < 0.01) increased the odds of having SRBD. Conclusion. Poorly controlled asthma and AR increase the risk of SRBD. A routine check of the level of asthma control and appropriate use of medication for AR are important because of their influence on SRBD.

scholarly journals Respiratory Symptoms and Urinary Cotinine Levels in Pre-school Children Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Huang ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Lang Tian ◽  
Mi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Preschool children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are at risk of developing adverse respiratory health effects. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the effects of cigarette-smoking caregivers on respiratory symptoms and urinary cotinine (UC) levels in children.Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 543 children (aged between 5 and 6 years) from 5 kindergartens in central China was conducted using a structured questionnaire. We also analyzed UC levels to investigate the relationship between respiratory symptoms and ETS exposure. We further performed logistic regression analyses to establish the relationship between respiratory symptoms (coughing, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) and UC levels.Results: A total of 71 (13.08%) children had a history of hospital admission with respiratory illnesses including bronchitis and pneumonia over the last 6 months. In addition, 102 (18.78%) children presented coughing symptoms, 114 (20.99%) experienced rhinorrhea and 79 (14.55%) presented sneezing symptoms over the last 6 months. After adjusting the confounders, odds ratio (OR) indicated that the number of cigarettes smoked by a caregiver was associated with coughing (OR = 11.02; 95% CI, 3.72–33.66), rhinorrhea (OR = 41.83; 95% CI, 5.58–313.05) and sneezing (OR = 4.71; 95% CI, 1.33–16.48). Furthermore, UC levels in children with coughing, rhinorrhea and sneezing were significantly higher than in children without respiratory symptoms (P = 0.002, P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: This study reveals that children exposed to ETS have higher levels of UC. Compared with caregiver who non-smoked live with children, smoked cigarettes were highly risk of developing respiratory illnesses in children. Notably, the higher the UC levels the greater the respiratory risk. Our results also signify that UC can be used as an indicator of ETS exposure to inform caregivers of the associated risks, and inform efforts to reduce related effects.

Behavioral Problems of Asthmatic Children

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Duvdevany ◽  
Yael Harel
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Medical Questionnaire ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
The Relationship

Behavioral problems of 116 children with asthma were studied at the Linn Medical Center in Haifa, Israel, where they were under treatment. Parents were administered a medical questionnaire and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. The study examines the relationship between asthmatic children of various levels of severity of the illness and behavioral problems. A comparison was made among the Achenbach scale, level of compliance with treatment procedures, and level of severity of the illness. Another comparison was made between age groups and level of behavioral problems. Significant differences were found between all three illness severity groups and two variables—somatic complaints and social problems. Differences were also found between age groups for the withdrawn variable.

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