scholarly journals Respiratory Symptoms and Urinary Cotinine Levels in Pre-school Children Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Huang ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Lang Tian ◽  
Mi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Preschool children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are at risk of developing adverse respiratory health effects. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the effects of cigarette-smoking caregivers on respiratory symptoms and urinary cotinine (UC) levels in children.Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 543 children (aged between 5 and 6 years) from 5 kindergartens in central China was conducted using a structured questionnaire. We also analyzed UC levels to investigate the relationship between respiratory symptoms and ETS exposure. We further performed logistic regression analyses to establish the relationship between respiratory symptoms (coughing, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) and UC levels.Results: A total of 71 (13.08%) children had a history of hospital admission with respiratory illnesses including bronchitis and pneumonia over the last 6 months. In addition, 102 (18.78%) children presented coughing symptoms, 114 (20.99%) experienced rhinorrhea and 79 (14.55%) presented sneezing symptoms over the last 6 months. After adjusting the confounders, odds ratio (OR) indicated that the number of cigarettes smoked by a caregiver was associated with coughing (OR = 11.02; 95% CI, 3.72–33.66), rhinorrhea (OR = 41.83; 95% CI, 5.58–313.05) and sneezing (OR = 4.71; 95% CI, 1.33–16.48). Furthermore, UC levels in children with coughing, rhinorrhea and sneezing were significantly higher than in children without respiratory symptoms (P = 0.002, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: This study reveals that children exposed to ETS have higher levels of UC. Compared with caregiver who non-smoked live with children, smoked cigarettes were highly risk of developing respiratory illnesses in children. Notably, the higher the UC levels the greater the respiratory risk. Our results also signify that UC can be used as an indicator of ETS exposure to inform caregivers of the associated risks, and inform efforts to reduce related effects.

scholarly journals Urinary Cotinine and Expired CO Concentrations in Women Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke at Home

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Herman Suryatama ◽  
Feni Fitriani ◽  
Sita Andarini ◽  
Agus Dwi Susanto ◽  
Achmad Hudoyo
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
At Home

Introduction: The health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) using cotinine was a nicotine metabolite detected in urine. This should be recommended as a quantitative measurement of nicotine intake and as biomarker for ETS exposure in humans. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study to 60 ETS-exposed and 58 non ETS exposed adult women in Pasar Rebo area, Jakarta. The urinary cotinine concentrations were measured and analyzed using ELISA method, other informations were collected such as expired CO data, questionnaire regarding smoking habits of the subjects’ family members at home and respiratory health effects occured to subjects. Results: Median of urinary cotinine concentrations in ETS-exposed group were 24.65 ng/ml and 7.30 ng/ml in non-exposed group (P=0.0001). Median of expired CO in ETS-exposed group were 5.00 ppm and 3.00 ppm in non-exposed to ETS group (P=0.0001). Total amount of time (hours/day) in women exposed to ETS in their house was significantly correlated to urinary cotinine concentrations (P=0.037). The respiratory symptoms showed significant correlation with ETS exposure status (P=0.01). Time duration of last exposed to ETS had significant correlation with expired CO (P=0.004). The urinary cotinine concentrations cut-off point was 14.4 ng/ml (sensitivity=75%, specificity=74%, P=0.0001). The expired CO cut-off point was 3.5 ppm (sensitivity=75%, specificity=81%, p=0.0001). Strong and significant correlation was found between expired CO and urinary cotinine (r=0.641, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The urinary cotinine and expired CO concentration were significantly higher in women exposed to tobacco smoke at home than the non-exposed group. Urinary cotinine measurement was a sensitive, non-invasive and effective method to correlate with ETS exposure. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(3):140-53)

scholarly journals Increase in the Risk of Respiratory Disorders in Adults and Children Related to Crop-Growing in Niger

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mamane ◽  
Jean-François Tessier ◽  
Ghislaine Bouvier ◽  
Roger Salamon ◽  
Pierre Lebailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Background and Objective. Environmental factors are an increasing concern for respiratory health in developing countries. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Nigerien people living in cultivated areas have more respiratory symptoms than those living in pastoral areas. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in two populations during the rainy season when land is cultivated. Environmental factors including pesticide use and respiratory symptoms were collected in adults and children during face-to-face interviews. Multivariate analysis between exposures and symptoms was performed in children and in adults separately. Results. The study included 471 adults and 229 children. Overall, none of the households reported the use of pesticides for agricultural purposes. However, 87.2% reported the use of insecticides at home. Multivariate analysis showed that people living in agricultural areas compared to those in pastoral areas had an increased risk of respiratory symptoms in adults (wheezing, dyspnea, sudden shortness of breath, and cough without fever) and in children (cough without fever). The use of insecticides showed no effect on respiratory symptoms after adjustment. Conclusion. This first epidemiological study on the environment and respiratory health conducted in Niger demonstrates a significant relationship between respiratory manifestations and the agricultural characteristics of the living area. However only the effect of insecticides in the home on respiratory health was observed.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION STATUS OF RESTAURANT WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jabbar Jabbar ◽  
Retneswari Masilamani ◽  
Lim Zhi Yik ◽  
Chen Pei Fei ◽  
Loh Xin Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cooking Fumes

The cooking process may emit toxic compounds and airway irritants from both the fuel combustion and cooking fumes which is harmful to the respiratory health among the restaurant workers. A cross-sectional study of 243 restaurant workers from the selected restaurants in Sungai Long, Malaysia was conducted. The standardized British Medical Research Council questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1986) was used during the interview to access the symptoms and the spirometry test was performed to evaluate the pulmonary functions of the participants. The data of socio-demography and occupational characteristics were also collected. The most complaint respiratory symptoms by the restaurant workers were breathlessness, which accounted for 33.7%, followed by wheezing (14%). The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the restaurant workers were within the normal range (>80%), except for the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) (79.09%). The results of the bivariate statistical analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test, showed the determining factors of the respiratory health among the workers were workers’ age and gender in addition to the working duration and the ethnicity. The restaurant workers in Sungai Long were at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and lower pulmonary function values due to prolonged exposure to cooking fumes. Emphasis should be given to the safety and health of restaurant workers and health education should be provided to the restaurant workers and owners. Strategies to increase notification of such occurrences among these workers should be looked into by related agencies in the country.

scholarly journals Magnitude of exposure and perception of second hand smoking among rural population in Trichy, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Hemalatha K. ◽  
Varunkumar R. ◽  
Vandana S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures

Background: India is one of the countries where tobacco use is highly prevalent. Tobacco use in the form of smoking is related to occurrence of multiple health related problems in smokers and also general population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 360 adults residing in a rural area of Tiruchirappalli. Cluster sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco use, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), knowledge on its health effects and protection measures. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi info 7.2. The results were presented in the form of mean and percentage. Chi-square was used to find the association between the parameters and ETS. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Mean age of the study group was 38.5±10.8 years. Proportion of males and females was 53.9% and 46.1% respectively. Two hundred and fifty five (70.8%) were non-smokers and 29.2% have ever smoked some form of tobacco product. Thirty seven percent of the non-smokers were exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the past 15 days and exposure was higher among males (46.7%) than females (31.3%) (χ2 value=6.3; p=0.014). Public place was the most common place of exposure (25.5%) to ETS. Significantly higher proportion of smokers had correct knowledge on ill effects of ETS than smokers (χ2 value=12.3; p= 0.0004).Conclusions: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was significantly high in the study population. Either strict enforcement of laws or banning cigarette sale completely would help reducing the exposure to cigarette smoke which is an important risk factor for multiple non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096928
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh ◽  
Kusharisupeni Djokosujono ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari ◽  
Armedy Ronny Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Hair Samples

Objectives. Using hair nicotine as the gold standard, this study aimed to establish cutoff points and validate the questionnaire-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and ETS statuses of Indonesian infants. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among families who were participants of the Peer Health Cohort Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Households with 6-month-old infants joined this study. The presence and amount of ETS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. Head hair samples were collected from 102 infants and measured by optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Infants were grouped as ETS-exposed if they lived with at least 1 smoker at home. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff values of hair nicotine. Results. There were 78 (76.5%) infants exposed to ETS based on the questionnaire. The nicotine concentrations in hair were significantly higher in infants with ETS exposure than in those without ETS exposure ( P < .001). The area under the curve for nicotine was 0.774. A hair nicotine cutoff value of 2.37 ng/mg, with a sensitivity of 67.95% and specificity of 83.33%, was identified as the optimal cutoff value for separating exposed from non-exposed to ETS in infants. Conclusion. The hair nicotine value of infants aged 6 months is useful in confirming the questionnaire on smoking in the household and exposure to ETS. Moreover, it also could be used to distinguish ETS-exposed from non-ETS-exposed infants.

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke From Smoker Parents on Gingival Pigmentation in Children and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 956-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirangarajan Sridharan ◽  
Kavita Ganiger ◽  
Aparna Satyanarayana ◽  
Aparna Rahul ◽  
Shreya Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Young Adults
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document