History of Opportunistic Infection in the Immunocompromised Host

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S318-S321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
History Of

Pneumocystis carinii infection in bilateral aural polyps in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Praveen ◽  
R. M. Terry ◽  
M. Elmahallawy ◽  
C. Horsfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic infection found in patients with impaired immunity. Under favourable conditions the parasite can spread via the blood stream or lymphatic vessels and cause extrapulmonary dissemination. We report a case of P carinii infection presenting as bilateral aural polyps, otitis media and mastoiditis in human immunodeficiency (HIV)-positive patient with no history of prior or concomitant P carinii infection.

Infection in the immunocompromised host

2010 ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition

The term ‘immunocompromised host’ embraces a group of overlapping conditions in which the ability to respond normally to an infective challenge is in some way impaired. This includes patients with underlying conditions such as protein–calorie malnutrition and diabetes, as well as organ transplant recipients, those with haematological malignancies and others receiving therapeutic immunosuppression, and patients with HIV infection. Many patients have multiple risk factors that increase the risk of opportunistic infection....

scholarly journals Disseminated Saksenaea infection in an immunocompromised host associated with a good clinical outcome: a case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Davidson ◽  
K. Campbell ◽  
F. Foroughi ◽  
V. Tayal ◽  
S. Lynar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Saksenaea species (spp.) are uncommon causes of mucormycosis but are emerging pathogens mostly associated with trauma and soil contamination often in immunocompetent hosts. Due to lack of sporulation in the laboratory, diagnosis and susceptibility testing is difficult so optimal treatment regimens are unknown. Case presentation A 67 year-old man from the Northern Territory in Australia, with a history of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, developed disseminated Saksenaea infection after initially presenting with symptoms consistent with bacterial pyelonephritis. Despite a delay in diagnosis; with aggressive surgical management and dual therapy with amphotericin B and posaconazole, he survived. Conclusions We describe an unusual case of disseminated infection with a favourable outcome to date.

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among Adult HIV Positive People Receiving Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yihun Tariku G ◽  
Yaliso Yaya ◽  
Degu Jerene ◽  
Alemu Tamiso
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Study Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Of Practice ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy ◽  
Living With Hiv

In Ethiopia, Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT) used to prevent opportunistic infections among people living with HIV is the standard of practice; however incidence of opportunistic infection and their predictors are rarely documented in the country.  This was a retrospective follow up study to describe the incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections among 244 adults receiving CPT. Participants were followed for a median time of 72 weeks. During a study period a total of 53opportunistic infections were recorded; making the overall incidence rate 23.9/100 person-years. High incidence of opportunistic infections is likely to occur if: the clients were married (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.965;(95% CI: 1.109, 3.451), had history of tuberculosis treatment (AHR: 2.34(95% CI:1.05, 5.24)), patients who are indicated for CPT because of both clinical and WHO clinical staging criteria(AHR 2.418 (95% CI:1.02, 5.72 ),and had poor adherence to CPT (AHR, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.19-3.72)). Eventhough adherence is non-substitutable strategy to prevent opportunistic infection, the cohort of HIV patients failed to adhere to CPT, which in turn resulthigh incidence of opportunistic infections among them, therefore improving adherence as guideline should be a priority to prevent OIs among people living with HIV in the study region.

Pulmonary Disease in the Immunocompromised Host (ICH)

2010 ◽  
pp. 893-898
Author(s):  
Edward C. Rosenow
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hematologic Diseases ◽  
Diffuse Disease ◽  
P 75

1. Opportunistic infection • 75% with diffuse disease • 25% with focal disease 2. Drug-induced pulmonary disease • 5% to 25% • “Idiopathic fibrosis” probably a drug or radiation cause (or both) 3. Recurrence of underlying disease • Most commonly with hematologic diseases 4. “Unrelated”...

scholarly journals Sepsis due toErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaein a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Associated with Bronchopneumonia due to PSeudomonas aeruginosaAndEscherichia coli: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bîrlutiu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

INTRODUCTION: The present report describes a case of sepsis due toErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaein a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with no animal exposure, associated with concomitant bronchopneumonia due toPseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia coli.CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old Caucasian man presented to an emergency room with a three-day history of chest pain, fever, cough with purulent sputum, chills and dyspnea. The patient had associated erythematous papules on the chest and enlarged axillary, submandibular, pectoral and supraclavicular lymph nodes, which regressed under treatment with penicillin. The patient was found to have sepsis without endocarditis caused byE rhusiopathiae, associated with bronchopneumonia that was induced by a double Gram-negative infection.CONCLUSIONS: The underlying-B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia may have favoured the development of bacteremia due toE rhusiopathiae, which occurred subsequent to glossitis in an immunocompromised host being treated with methylprednisolone and cladribine.

DIGGING DEEPER

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.187-e4
Author(s):  
Jonathan Witherick ◽  
Begoña Bovill ◽  
Anni Dong ◽  
Mahableshwar Albur ◽  
Rose Bosnell
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Bronchial Biopsy ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Improvement ◽  
Recent Diagnosis ◽  
Active Inflammation ◽  
Multiple Ring

BackgroundMultiple ring-enhancing brain lesions have a wide differential. We report a case with a rare cause that was successfully treated.Case reportAn 18 year old presented with a short history of headache, dry cough and fevers. His past medical history included Aspergers, childhood epilepsy and bilateral hearing loss (with identified chromosomal translocation) and a recent diagnosis of trans-bronchial biopsy-positive sarcoidosis for which he was taking prednisolone. Radiology showed left upper zone consolidation; despite initial improvement with piperacillin-tazobactam, his headaches intensified and contrast-enhanced brain imaging demonstrated multiple ring-enhancing lesions; lesions were also identified in the liver and spleen. CSF analysis confirmed active inflammation but cultures (including liver biopsy) were negative. Subsequently liver tissue 16S rDNA rtPCR analysis identified rDNA of the pseudomonas genus with a 99% sequence homology for P.luteola and P.zeshuii. These soil-dwelling organisms may have been acquired by the patient whilst working on his grandfather's allotment. The patient was successfully treated with Meropenem.ConclusionThis case involved input from multiple clinical specialties and highlights the collaboration needed to diagnose and manage such a rare organism. The case highlights unusual pathogens that may cause opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised host and the importance of a thorough occupational history.

Infection in the immunocompromised host

2020 ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
Jon Cohen ◽  
Elham Khatamzas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
High Level

The term ‘immunocompromised host’ embraces a group of overlapping conditions in which the ability to respond normally to an infective challenge is in some way impaired. This includes patients with underlying conditions such as protein–calorie malnutrition and diabetes, as well as organ transplant recipients, those with haematological malignancies and others receiving therapeutic immunosuppression, and patients with HIV infection. Many patients have multiple risk factors that increase the risk of opportunistic infection. A high level of awareness is essential for the management of patients who are immunocompromised; infections can progress very quickly, the early physical signs are often muted, and the microbiology can be confusing.

scholarly journals Patient on Immunomodulatory Therapy Experiencing Joint Pain and Skin Lesions: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110058
Author(s):  
Jason D. Greenwood ◽  
Nathaniel Nielsen ◽  
Nathaniel E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunosuppressant Medications ◽  
Mycobacterium Haemophilum

A woman in her late fifties was admitted to the Family Medicine Inpatient Service directly from Rheumatology clinic for polyarticular pain and erythema with concern for infection. She was taking immunosuppressant medications for a history of multiple autoimmune diseases. Examination showed increasing erythema and tenderness on the upper and lower extremity joints. Histologic evaluation, surgical evaluation, and cultures were consistent with mycobacterium haemophilum infection. Mycobacterium haemophilum is an uncommon opportunistic infection that usually affects immunocompromised patients. The patient was treated with a multi-drug antibiotic regimen for several months due to drug resistance. Although this opportunistic infection is not common it should be considered in the differential of immunocompromised patients with skin and articular symptoms. Treatment outcomes are usually favorable if it caught earlier in the course.

scholarly journals Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among Adult HIV Positive People Receiving Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yihun Tariku G ◽  
Yaliso Yaya ◽  
Degu Jerene ◽  
Alemu Tamiso
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Study Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Of Practice ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy ◽  
Living With Hiv

In Ethiopia, Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT) used to prevent opportunistic infections among people living with HIV is the standard of practice; however incidence of opportunistic infection and their predictors are rarely documented in the country.  This was a retrospective follow up study to describe the incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections among 244 adults receiving CPT. Participants were followed for a median time of 72 weeks. During a study period a total of 53opportunistic infections were recorded; making the overall incidence rate 23.9/100 person-years. High incidence of opportunistic infections is likely to occur if: the clients were married (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.965;(95% CI: 1.109, 3.451), had history of tuberculosis treatment (AHR: 2.34(95% CI:1.05, 5.24)), patients who are indicated for CPT because of both clinical and WHO clinical staging criteria(AHR 2.418 (95% CI:1.02, 5.72 ),and had poor adherence to CPT (AHR, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.19-3.72)). Eventhough adherence is non-substitutable strategy to prevent opportunistic infection, the cohort of HIV patients failed to adhere to CPT, which in turn resulthigh incidence of opportunistic infections among them, therefore improving adherence as guideline should be a priority to prevent OIs among people living with HIV in the study region.

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