Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Antiretroviral Agents: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Erice ◽  
H. H. Balfour
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Combination of Transcription Inhibitor K-12 and Other Antiretroviral Agents in Acutely and Chronically Infected Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Okamoto ◽  
Takashi Okamoto ◽  
Masanori Baba
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT 8 - Difluoromethoxy - 1 - ethyl - 6 - fluoro - 1,4 - dihydro - 7 - [4 - (2 - methoxyphenyl) - 1 - piperazinyl] - 4 - oxoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid (K-12) has recently been identified as a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription. In this study, we examined several combinations of K-12 and other antiretroviral agents for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 replication in acutely and chronically infected cell cultures. Combinations of K-12 and a reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor, either zidovudine, lamivudine, or nevirapine, synergistically inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected MT-4 cells. The combination of K-12 and the protease inhibitor nelfinavir (NFV) also synergistically inhibited HIV-1, whereas the synergism of this combination was weaker than that of the combinations with the RT inhibitors. K-12 did not enhance the cytotoxicities of RT and protease inhibitors. Synergism of the combinations was also observed in acutely infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The combination of K-12 and cepharanthine, a nuclear factor κB inhibitor, synergistically inhibited HIV-1 production in tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated U1 cells, a promonocytic cell line chronically infected with the virus. In contrast, additive inhibition was observed for the combination of K-12 and NFV. These results indicate that the combinations of K-12 and clinically available antiretroviral agents may have potential as chemotherapeutic modalities for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Extent of Cross-Resistance between Agents Used To Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Clinically Derived Isolates

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Richard Harrigan ◽  
Brendan A. Larder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The phenomenon of cross-resistance to antiretroviral agents used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is well known but so far has been only qualitatively described. Here, we quantitate the degree of cross-resistance among all commonly prescribed antiretroviral agents in almost 5,000 clinically derived recombinant isolates collected in the United States since January 2000.

Antiretroviral Agents as Inhibitors of both Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Protease

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 2472-2481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Mazumder ◽  
Shaomeng Wang ◽  
Nouri Neamati ◽  
Marc Nicklaus ◽  
Sanjay Sunder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to the Maturation Inhibitor Bevirimat Is Modulated by Baseline Polymorphisms in Gag Spacer Peptide 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 2185-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Van Baelen ◽  
Karl Salzwedel ◽  
Evelien Rondelez ◽  
Veerle Van Eygen ◽  
Stephanie De Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
New Class ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Maturation Inhibitor

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated baseline susceptibility to bevirimat (BVM), the first in a new class of antiretroviral agents, maturation inhibitors. We evaluated susceptibility to BVM by complete gag genotypic and phenotypic testing of 20 patient-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates and 20 site-directed mutants. We found that reduced BVM susceptibility was associated with naturally occurring polymorphisms at positions 6, 7, and 8 in Gag spacer peptide 1.

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