Value of Liver Biopsy for the Rapid Diagnosis of Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Who Have Unexplained Fever and Elevated Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase or  -Glutamyl Transferase

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

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Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and mineral elements of human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects in Sokoto, Nigeria

Annals of African Medicine ◽

10.4103/1596-3519.70963 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 235 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yusuf Saidu ◽

Mansur Lawal ◽

ChibuezeH Njoku ◽

LawalS Bilbis ◽

DorcasB Idowu

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Antioxidant Vitamins ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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Rapid Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Using OraQuickⓡ Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test

Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.3947/ic.2009.41.2.90 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Eun Jung Lee ◽

Tae Hyong Kim ◽

Sung-Han Kim ◽

Ji Hyun Kim ◽

Bum Jin Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Rapid Diagnosis ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

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Serum levels of stem cell factor are increased in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and are associated with prolonged survival

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v86.1.243.bloodjournal861243 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C Manegold ◽

H Jablonowski ◽

C Armbrecht ◽

G Strohmeyer ◽

T Pietsch

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Stem Cell Factor ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cultured Fibroblasts ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Cytopenia is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and can affect different hematopoietic lineages, including erythropoiesis, lymphopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and granulopoiesis. Stem cell factor (SCF), a cytokine expressed by bone marrow stromal cells, is a multipotential growth factor acting on early progenitor cells of most hematopoietic lineages. Therefore, we investigated the serum SCF levels in 74 HIV-infected persons without active secondary infection at different stages of HIV infection [Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stages A through C]. Circulating SCF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were found to be significantly elevated in CDC stage A as compared with normal controls (7.18 +/- 1.94 ng/mL v 3.95 +/- 0.91 ng/mL, P = .04). However, in CDC groups B and C, SCF levels were lower than in CDC group A (3.29 +/- 0.75, P = .162, and 1.95 +/- 0.39, P = .005, respectively). Serum levels greater than 1.8 ng/mL were associated with a longer survival (P = .0037) in 74 HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients monitored for up to 114 weeks, suggesting that this cytokine may be directly associated with the disease course. A Cox proportional hazards model showed SCF to be an independent prognostic factor for survival (risk ratio for death, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.95; P = .019). Serum SCF levels decreased on follow up in 24 of 38 patients or remained below 0.4 ng/mL in 10 of 38 patients from whom a second blood sample was collected after a mean interval of 44 weeks. To determine potential regulatory factors of SCF expression by stromal cells, we exposed cultured fibroblasts to various cytokines. Only interleukin-4 (IL-4) upregulated SCF mRNA. As IL-4 is modulated during early HIV disease, it may be a key regulator of SCF secretion. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of SCF action and regulation in patients with HIV infection.

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