scholarly journals Survival of Western Sandpiper Broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Ruthrauff ◽  
Brian J. McCaffery

Abstract The rate of chick growth in high-latitude breeding shorebirds is rapid, but little is known about the effect of chick mass, growth, and brood movements on subsequent brood survival. To address these topics, we monitored chick growth patterns, daily brood movements, and survival of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. We assessed the effect of chick age, mass, and hatch date on brood survival using Program MARK. We mapped brood locations daily, and compared brood movement patterns between successful and unsuccessful broods. Younger chicks survived at lower rates and moved shorter distances than older chicks. The overall probability of one or more chicks from a brood surviving to 15 days of age was 0.73 ± 0.05 SE. Brood survival declined seasonally, and broods with heavier chicks survived at higher rates than those with lighter chicks. On average, successful broods fledged 1.7 ± 0.1 SE chicks. Rate of chick growth was intermediate between those of high arctic and temperate-breeding shorebirds, and chick mass at hatching declined seasonally. Western Sandpiper brood survival was lowest when chicks were young, spatially clumped, and unable to maintain homeothermy, probably because young chicks were more vulnerable to both complete depredation events and extreme weather. Our data suggest that larger, older chicks are able to avoid predators by being spatially dispersed and highly mobile; thermal independence, achieved after approximately day five, enables chicks to better endure prolonged periods of cold and low food availability. Supervivencia de Nidadas de Calidris mauri en el Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska Resumen. La tasa de crecimiento de polluelos en aves que se reproducen a latitudes altas es rápida, pero se conoce poco sobre el efecto del peso y el crecimiento de los polluelos y de los movimientos de las crías sobre la supervivencia de las nidadas. Para evaluar estos tópicos, monitoreamos los patrones de crecimiento de polluelos, el movimiento diario de las crías, y la sobrevivencia de Calidris mauri en el Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska. Determinamos el efecto de la edad, el peso y la fecha de eclosión de los polluelos sobre la supervivencia de la nidada utilizando el programa MARK. Mapeamos la localización de las crías diariamente, y comparamos los patrones de movimientos entre nidadas exitosas y no exitosas. Los polluelos más jóvenes tuvieron tasas de supervivencia menores y se movieron distancias más cortas que los polluelos de más edad. La probabilidad general de que uno o más polluelos de una nidada sobreviviera hasta 15 días de edad fue 0.73 ± 0.05 EE. La supervivencia de las nidadas disminuyó estacionalmente y las nidadas con polluelos de mayor peso tuvieron tasas de supervivencia mayores que las nidadas con polluelos más livianos. En promedio, las nidadas exitosas produjeron 1.7 ± 0.1 EE polluelos. La tasa de crecimiento de los polluelos fue intermedia con respecto a las aves playeras que se reproducen en el ártico y las que lo hacen en zonas templadas. El peso de los polluelos al momento de eclosionar disminuyó estacionalmente. La supervivencia de las nidadas de C. mauri fue mínima cuando los polluelos eran jóvenes, estaban agrupados y no eran capaces de mantener la homeotermia, probablemente debido a que los polluelos jóvenes eran más vulnerables a eventos de depredación completa y al clima extremo. Nuestros datos sugieren que los polluelos más grandes y de mayor edad son capaces de evitar a los depredadores al encontrarse espacialmente dispersos y ser altamente móviles; la independencia térmica que es alcanzada aproximadamente luego del día cinco permite a los polluelos soportar periodos prolongados de frío y de baja disponibilidad de alimento.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Franks ◽  
David B. Lank ◽  
W. Herbert Wilson Jr.

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Fernández ◽  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank

AbstractTo estimate annual apparent local survival, we collected capture–resighting data on 256 individually marked male Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) wintering at Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico, between 1994–1997. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to address the effect of age class and year on survivorship rates. The best-fit model included a constant apparent survival probability (ϕ = 0.489; 95% CI = 0.410–0.569), but several models fit nearly as well, and averaging among the top five, to account for model uncertainty, suggested that adults had somewhat higher values than juveniles (ϕ = 0.490 ± 0.051 vs. 0.450 ± 0.067). Detection probability was substantially higher for adults than for juveniles (p = 0.741 vs. p = 0.537). Those apparent survival estimates are low compared with those from other studies of Western Sandpipers at breeding and other nonbreeding locations, and substantially lower than the true survivorship rates expected for small sandpipers in general. We interpret these results as indicating that this site is of below average quality for nonbreeding male Western Sandpipers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Sen ◽  
Alena Didriksen ◽  
Stéphane Hourdez ◽  
Mette Marianne Svenning ◽  
Tine L. Rasmussen

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Wilson ◽  
Karen Chin ◽  
Stephen L. Cumbaa

Here we describe a new hesperornithiform specimen from the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation of Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada. This specimen (NUVF 286) is referred to cf. Hesperornis sp. based on size and shape of femora and teeth preserved with other skeletal elements. Previous osteohistologic analyses indicate a subadult ontogenetic stage at the time of death. This new cf. Hesperornis specimen includes the first teeth associated with a high-latitude hesperornithiform, allowing for comments on the trophic behavior of these birds. Paleoecological reconstructions based on current knowledge of polar assemblages and comparisons to modern birds suggest that high-latitude hesperornithiform birds may have had more varied diets than previously assumed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prikryl ◽  
P. T. Jayachandran ◽  
S. C. Mushini ◽  
D. Pokhotelov ◽  
J. W. MacDougall ◽  
...  

Abstract. High-latitude irregularities can impair the operation of GPS-based devices by causing fluctuations of GPS signal amplitude and phase, also known as scintillation. Severe scintillation events lead to losses of phase lock, which result in cycle slips. We have used data from the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) to measure amplitude and phase scintillation from L1 GPS signals and total electron content (TEC) from L1 and L2 GPS signals to study the relative role that various high-latitude irregularity generation mechanisms have in producing scintillation. In the first year of operation during the current solar minimum the amplitude scintillation has remained very low but events of strong phase scintillation have been observed. We have found, as expected, that auroral arc and substorm intensifications as well as cusp region dynamics are strong sources of phase scintillation and potential cycle slips. In addition, we have found clear seasonal and universal time dependencies of TEC and phase scintillation over the polar cap region. A comparison with radio instruments from the Canadian GeoSpace Monitoring (CGSM) network strongly suggests that the polar cap scintillation and TEC variations are associated with polar cap patches which we therefore infer to be main contributors to scintillation-causing irregularities in the polar cap.


The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald McKenzie ◽  
Amy E Hessl ◽  
David L Peterson

We explored spatial patterns of low-frequency variability in radial tree growth among western North American conifer species and identified predictors of the variability in these patterns. Using 185 sites from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank, each of which contained 10–60 raw ring-width series, we rebuilt two chronologies for each site, using two conservative methods designed to retain any low-frequency variability associated with recent environmental change. We used factor analysis to identify regional low-frequency patterns in site chronologies and estimated the slope of the growth trend since 1850 at each site from a combination of linear regression and time-series techniques. This slope was the response variable in a regression-tree model to predict the effects of environmental gradients and species-level differences on growth trends. Growth patterns at 27 sites from the American Southwest were consistent with quasi-periodic patterns of drought. Either 12 or 32 of the 185 sites demonstrated patterns of increasing growth between 1850 and 1980 A.D., depending on the standardization technique used. Pronounced growth increases were associated with high-elevation sites (above 3000 m) and high-latitude sites in maritime climates. Future research focused on these high-elevation and high-latitude sites should address the precise mechanisms responsible for increased 20th century growth.


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