scholarly journals Influence of nest burrow microclimate on chick growth in a colonial High-Arctic seabird, the little auk

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1547044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Kulaszewicz ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas
Keyword(s):  
The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Ruthrauff ◽  
Brian J. McCaffery

Abstract The rate of chick growth in high-latitude breeding shorebirds is rapid, but little is known about the effect of chick mass, growth, and brood movements on subsequent brood survival. To address these topics, we monitored chick growth patterns, daily brood movements, and survival of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. We assessed the effect of chick age, mass, and hatch date on brood survival using Program MARK. We mapped brood locations daily, and compared brood movement patterns between successful and unsuccessful broods. Younger chicks survived at lower rates and moved shorter distances than older chicks. The overall probability of one or more chicks from a brood surviving to 15 days of age was 0.73 ± 0.05 SE. Brood survival declined seasonally, and broods with heavier chicks survived at higher rates than those with lighter chicks. On average, successful broods fledged 1.7 ± 0.1 SE chicks. Rate of chick growth was intermediate between those of high arctic and temperate-breeding shorebirds, and chick mass at hatching declined seasonally. Western Sandpiper brood survival was lowest when chicks were young, spatially clumped, and unable to maintain homeothermy, probably because young chicks were more vulnerable to both complete depredation events and extreme weather. Our data suggest that larger, older chicks are able to avoid predators by being spatially dispersed and highly mobile; thermal independence, achieved after approximately day five, enables chicks to better endure prolonged periods of cold and low food availability. Supervivencia de Nidadas de Calidris mauri en el Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska Resumen. La tasa de crecimiento de polluelos en aves que se reproducen a latitudes altas es rápida, pero se conoce poco sobre el efecto del peso y el crecimiento de los polluelos y de los movimientos de las crías sobre la supervivencia de las nidadas. Para evaluar estos tópicos, monitoreamos los patrones de crecimiento de polluelos, el movimiento diario de las crías, y la sobrevivencia de Calidris mauri en el Delta Yukon-Kuskokwim, Alaska. Determinamos el efecto de la edad, el peso y la fecha de eclosión de los polluelos sobre la supervivencia de la nidada utilizando el programa MARK. Mapeamos la localización de las crías diariamente, y comparamos los patrones de movimientos entre nidadas exitosas y no exitosas. Los polluelos más jóvenes tuvieron tasas de supervivencia menores y se movieron distancias más cortas que los polluelos de más edad. La probabilidad general de que uno o más polluelos de una nidada sobreviviera hasta 15 días de edad fue 0.73 ± 0.05 EE. La supervivencia de las nidadas disminuyó estacionalmente y las nidadas con polluelos de mayor peso tuvieron tasas de supervivencia mayores que las nidadas con polluelos más livianos. En promedio, las nidadas exitosas produjeron 1.7 ± 0.1 EE polluelos. La tasa de crecimiento de los polluelos fue intermedia con respecto a las aves playeras que se reproducen en el ártico y las que lo hacen en zonas templadas. El peso de los polluelos al momento de eclosionar disminuyó estacionalmente. La supervivencia de las nidadas de C. mauri fue mínima cuando los polluelos eran jóvenes, estaban agrupados y no eran capaces de mantener la homeotermia, probablemente debido a que los polluelos jóvenes eran más vulnerables a eventos de depredación completa y al clima extremo. Nuestros datos sugieren que los polluelos más grandes y de mayor edad son capaces de evitar a los depredadores al encontrarse espacialmente dispersos y ser altamente móviles; la independencia térmica que es alcanzada aproximadamente luego del día cinco permite a los polluelos soportar periodos prolongados de frío y de baja disponibilidad de alimento.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas ◽  
Piotr Wąż ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas

Many animal species exhibit a diel, 24-hr pattern of activity, which is steered by timing cues, with the daily light–dark cycle considered the most powerful. This cue, however, is reduced in polar zones under continuous daylight conditions associated with the midnight sun. The rhythm of animal behaviour under such conditions is poorly understood. Here, we examine periodicity and patterns of daily activity (colony attendance and foraging) in a High-Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). We demonstrated a regular rhythm of colony attendance at the population level, with birds being the most abundant in the colony during hours of relatively low sun elevation. This pattern is likely to be associated with predation pressure that may be perceived by birds as lower during hours with low sun elevation, because of better predator detectability. Regarding rhythms at an individual level, however, we found the most common periodicity to be 23.2 hr (range from 19.9 hr to 30.8 hr) but no clear pattern of daily colony attendance of individuals. Such a flexibility in daily rhythms indicates that individuals may become arrhythmic in regard to the 24-hr environmental cycle, despite regularities observed at the population level. Finally, we compared males and females in terms of daily activity patterns but we did not find significant sex differences.


Polar Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. A. Harding ◽  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Wojciech Walkusz ◽  
Kasia Dmoch ◽  
Nina J. Karnovsky ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jakubas ◽  
K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas

Initial reproductive investments in birds are energy-demanding. Amount of energy allocated to egg production and incubation may have an important role in determining parental fitness and evolution of clutch size. Here, we investigated whether the Little Auk (Alle alle (L., 1758)), a small alcid with one-egg clutch but two brood patches (probably remnant of the original two-egg clutch), is capable of incubating two eggs and rearing two chicks. We performed an experiment with removing the egg from 20 nests and transferring it to 20 experimental nests (EN). In 25% of EN, both eggs failed to hatch; in 75% of EN, only one egg hatched successfully. Hatching success in EN was 2.5 times lower than in control nests (CN). In EN, chicks hatched only from eggs warmed during >90% of inspections. Owing to the prolonged incubation, the chicks in EN hatched 2 days later than in CN. However, due to the shorter period spent in the nest in EN, fledging dates in both types of nests were similar. The similar body mass and survival of chicks from EN and CN suggest that these traits were influenced mainly by the rearing conditions. Our study emphasize the importance of the incubation phase as a constraint on clutch size.


Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude R. Joiris ◽  
Karin Boos ◽  
Diederik D’Hert ◽  
Dominik A. Nachtsheim

The at-sea distribution of top predators, seabirds and marine mammals, was determined in the high Arctic pack ice on board the icebreaker RVPolarsternin July to September 2014. In total, 1,620 transect counts were realised, lasting 30 min each. The five most numerous seabird species represented 74% of the total of 15,150 individuals registered: kittiwakeRissa tridactyla, fulmarFulmarus glacialis, puffinFratercula arctica, Ross’s gullRhodostethia rosea, and little aukAlle alle. Eight cetacean species were tallied for a total of 330 individuals, mainly white-beaked dolphinLagenorhynchus albirostrisand fin whaleBalaenoptera physalus. Five pinniped species were represented by a total of 55 individuals and the polar bearUrsus maritimuswas represented by 12 individuals. Four main geographical zones were identified: from Tromsø to the outer marginal ice zone (OMIZ), the Arctic pack ice (close pack ice, CPI), the end of Lomonosov Ridge off Siberia, and the route off Siberia and northern Norway. Important differences were detected between zones, both in species composition and in individual abundance. Low numbers of species and high proportion of individuals for some of them can be considered to reflect very low biodiversity. Numbers encountered in zones 2 to 4 were very low in comparison with other European Arctic seas. The observed differences showed strong patterns.


2016 ◽  
Vol 475 ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Jakubas ◽  
Lech M. Iliszko ◽  
Hallvard Strøm ◽  
Mirosław Darecki ◽  
Kurt Jerstad ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Clairbaux ◽  
Jérôme Fort ◽  
Paul Mathewson ◽  
Warren Porter ◽  
Hallvard Strøm ◽  
...  

AbstractClimate models predict that by 2050 the Arctic Ocean will be sea ice free each summer. Removing this barrier between the Atlantic and the Pacific will modify a wide range of ecological processes, including bird migration. Using published information, we identified 29 arctic-breeding seabird species, which currently migrate in the North Atlantic and could shift to a transarctic migration towards the North Pacific. We also identified 24 arctic-breeding seabird species which may shift from a migratory strategy to high-arctic year-round residency. To illustrate the biogeographical consequences of such drastic migratory shifts, we performed an in-depth study of little auks (Alle alle), the most numerous artic seabird. Coupling species distribution models and climatic models, we assessed the adequacy of future wintering and breeding areas for transarctic migrants and high-arctic year-round residents. Further, we used a mechanistic bioenergetics model (Niche Mapper), to compare the energetic costs of current little auk migration in the North Atlantic with potential transarctic and high-arctic residency strategies. Surprisingly, our results indicate that transarctic little auk migration, from the North Atlantic towards the North Pacific, may only be half as costly, energetically, than high-arctic residency or migration to the North Atlantic. Our study illustrates how global warming may radically modify the biogeography of migratory species, and provides a general methodological framework linking migratory energetics and spatial ecology.


2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McKinnon ◽  
M. Picotin ◽  
E. Bolduc ◽  
C. Juillet ◽  
J. Bêty

In seasonal environments, breeding events must be synchronized with resource peaks to ensure production and growth of offspring. As changes in climate may affect trophic levels differentially, we hypothesized that a lack of synchrony between chick hatch and resource peaks could decrease growth rates in chicks of shorebirds nesting in the High Arctic. To test this hypothesis, we compared growth curves of chicks hatching in synchrony with peak periods of food abundance to those hatching outside of these peak periods. We also tested for changes in lay dates of shorebirds in the Canadian Arctic using recent and historical data. Mean daily temperatures during the laying period increased since the 1950s by up to 1.5 °C, and changes in lay dates were apparent for three shorebird species, yet differences in median lay dates between 1954 and 2005–2008 were only significant for White-rumped Sandpiper ( Calidris fuscicollis (Viellot, 1819)). During 2005–2008, there was only 1 year of relatively high synchrony between hatch and resource peaks. Asynchrony between hatch and peaks in Tipulidae biomass reduced growth rates in chicks of Baird’s Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii (Coues, 1861)). As anticipated changes in climate may decouple phenological events, the effects of asynchrony on growth rates of arctic-nesting birds warrant further investigation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. e01702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Kulaszewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jerzy Szymanski ◽  
Mateusz Stolarczyk ◽  
Adrian Zwolicki ◽  
Katarzyna Zmudczyńska-Skarbek ◽  
Lech Stempniewicz

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document