scholarly journals Protective Effect ofAdhatoda vasciaNees against Radiation-Induced Damage at Cellular, Biochemical and Chromosomal Levels in Swiss Albino Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenal Kumar ◽  
Ravindra Samarth ◽  
Madhu Kumar ◽  
Senthamil R. Selvan ◽  
Begraj Saharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Marrow Cells

Extract ofAdhatoda vasica(L) Nees leaves has been used for treatment of various diseases and disorders in Ayurved and Unani medicine. Modulatory effect of ethanolic extract ofA. vasica(L) Nees against radiation-induced changes in terms of histological alterations in testis, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), acid and alkaline phosphatases levels, and chromosomal alterations in Swiss albino mice was studied at various post-irradiation intervals between 1 and 30 days. Mice exposed to 8 Gy radiation showed radiation-induced sickness including marked changes in histology of testis and chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells with 100% mortality within 22 days. When ethanolic leaf extract ofA. vasicawas given orally at a dose of 800 mg kg−1body weight per mouse for 15 consecutive days and then exposed to radiation, death ofAdhatoda-pretreated irradiated mice was reduced to 70% at 30 days. The radiation dose reduction factor was 1.43. There was significantly lesser degree of damage to testis tissue architecture and various cell populations including spermatogonia, spermatids and Leydig cells. Correspondingly, a significant decrease in the LPO and an increase in the GSH levels were observed in testis and liver ofAdhatoda-pretreated irradiated mice. Similarly, a significant decrease in level of acid phosphatase and increase in level of alkaline phosphatase were observed.Adhatodapretreatment significantly prevented radiation-induced chromosomal damage in bone marrow cells. The study suggests thatAdhatodaplant extract has significant radioprotective effects on testis that warrants further mechanistic studies aimed at identifying the role of major ingredients in the extract.

scholarly journals Clastogenic Effects of Glyphosate in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss Albino Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahdeo Prasad ◽  
Smita Srivastava ◽  
Madhulika Singh ◽  
Yogeshwer Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Marrow Cells

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine,C3H8NO5P), a herbicide, used to control unwanted annual and perennial plants all over the world. Nevertheless, occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides can pose a threat to nontarget species including human beings. Therefore, in the present study, genotoxic effects of the herbicide glyphosate were analyzed by measuring chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. A single dose of glyphosate was given intraperitoneally (i.p) to the animals at a concentration of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt. Animals of positive control group were injectedi.p. benzo(a)pyrene (100 mg/kg b.wt., once only), whereas, animals of control (vehicle) group were injectedi.p. dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2mL). Animals from all the groups were sacrificed at sampling times of 24, 48, and 72 hours and their bone marrow was analyzed for cytogenetic and chromosomal damage. Glyphosate treatment significantly increases CAs and MN induction at both treatments and time compared with the vehicle control (P<.05). The cytotoxic effects of glyphosate were also evident, as observed by significant decrease in mitotic index (MI). The present results indicate that glyphosate is clastogenic and cytotoxic to mouse bone marrow.

Assessment of chromosomal aberration in the bone marrow cells of Swiss Albino mice treated by 4-methylimidazole

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Norizadeh Tazehkand ◽  
Mehmet Topaktas ◽  
Mehmet Bertan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Marrow Cells

Fluoride and endosulfan together potentiate cytogenetic effects in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells

2020 ◽  
pp. 074823372097942
Author(s):  
Anju Sharma ◽  
Placheril John ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Marrow Cells

In this study, the cytotoxic potential of fluoride and endosulfan in combination was investigated in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells using the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. Fluoride (25.1 mg kg−1 body weight [bw] in water) and endosulfan (1.8 mg kg−1 bw by oral intubation) were administered orally alone and in combination (fluoride 25.1 mg kg−1 bw + endosulfan 1.8 mg kg−1 bw) to male Swiss albino mice daily for 30 days. A significant ( p < 0.01) increase in micronuclei (MNs) induction and decreased ratio ( p < 0.01) of polychromatic to normonochromatic erythrocytes (indicators of cytotoxicity) were observed compared with saline controls when animals were given the combination of fluoride and endosulfan. A significant ( p < 0.01) increase in MNs induction and no change in the polychromatic erythrocytes to erythrocyte ratio were also observed when endosulfan was given alone. CAs such as gaps, breaks, fragments, rings, exchanges, and polyploidy were recorded in the bone marrow cells. The mean percent frequency of CAs was increased ( p < 0.01) in all the treated groups compared with the control saline group. In the combination group (F + E), the percent frequencies of CAs were significantly higher (13.875%) compared with those in the individual treatment groups of fluoride (4.375%) and endosulfan (6.25%). The mitotic index was calculated as percentage of dividing cells. A significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in mitotic index was observed in all treated groups compared with controls. In the combination group (F + E), mitotic index was significantly less than ( p < 0.01; 4.1 ± 0.49) the saline control (10.8 ± 0.98). These results indicated that repeated intake of endosulfan through various sources in fluoride affected areas resulted in increased cytotoxic effects. The greater effect in the combination group indicated additive interaction of fluoride and endosulfan in inducing cytotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.

Protection from ionizing radiation-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in rat bone marrow cells by HESA-A: a new herbal-marine compound

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Maryam Hazbavi ◽  
Mansoureh Zarei ◽  
Roghayeh Nazaralivand ◽  
Hojattollah Shahbazian ◽  
Mohsen Cheki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marine Compound ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Rat Bone ◽  
Marrow Cells

Thrombopoietin-Mimetic Romiplostim Confers the Complete Survival Rate to Mice Exposed to Lethal Ionizing Radiation

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2390-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamaguchi ◽  
Tokuhisa Hirouchi ◽  
Mitsuru Chiba ◽  
Satoru Monzen ◽  
Hironori Yoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Radiation-related casualties following exposure to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation show severe acute radiation syndromes (ARS) involving bone marrow death and gastrointestinal death. ARS cause decreases in red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count and gastrointestinal dysfunction, finally leading to death caused by systemic bleeding. Therefore, reconstitution and restoration of hematopoiesis is a top priority. Although bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is also available for recovery from radiation-induced bone marrow damage, BMT for victims in radiation accidents has many limitations, including histocompatibility, age constraints, HLA type and the fact that immunosuppression would be required to reduce the risk of graft versus host rejection. In contrast, pharmacological approaches can accommodate a large number of victims with few limitations. Our previous study showed that the combined administration of erythropoietin, granulocytecolony stimulating factor and nandrolone decanoate after lethal ionizing irradiation resulted in the survival of approximately 50% of irradiated mice at day 30. When a c-Mpl agonist (Romiplostim: RP) was added to this protocol, 100% survival was obtained. Finally, we found that RP play a key role in the survival of irradiated mice. In the present study, we examined the effects of RP alone on mice exposed to lethal radiation. RP was administered at a dosage of 50 μg/kg of body weight/day to 8-weekold female C57BL/6JJcl mice for 1, 3, or 5 days immediately following exposure to a lethal 7 Gy dose of 137Cs γ-rays. The condition of each animal was analyzed via morphological evaluations of the small intestine and various parameters such as the numbers of peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells, and hematopoietic progenitor cells along with cell surface antigen expression. By day 30, all untreated irradiated control mice died, whereas RP administration for 3 or 5 consecutive days after irradiation led to a 100% survival rate among the irradiated mice. At this time, the numbers of peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells were not significantly different between RP-untreated non-irradiated and RP-treated irradiated mice. In addition, the expression of macrophages, granulocytes and erythroid progenitors-related cell surface antigens on the bone marrow cells was significantly recovered in RP-treated irradiated mice compared to RP-untreated irradiated mice until day 20 after γ-irradiation. And, to estimate the effects of RP on gastrointestinal tissues in each individual, morphological evaluation H&E stain of the small intestine was performed until day 20 after γ-irradiation. As a result, RP promoted the recovery of gastrointestinal tissues damages in RP-treated irradiated mice compared to RP-untreated irradiated mice. Regarding cell death, radiation-induced gamma-H2AX expression in the nuclear of bone marrow cell was significantly decreased in RP-treated irradiated mice compared to RP-untreated irradiated mice immediately and after a period of 24 hours following a lethal 7 Gy dose of X-irradiation, indicating that the rate of apoptotic bone marrow cells was significantly decreased by RP-treatment. Meanwhile, 53BP1, which is well known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) factor, was significantly increased, showing that RP promoted NHEJ DNA repair in bone marrow cells treated with RP. These results demonstrate that c-Mpl agonist RP promotes the recovery of serious damages caused by lethal irradiation to the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems, and RP might be a useful radiomitigator in the case of ARS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Radiation-induced Genomic Instability: Delayed Cytogenetic Aberrations and Apoptosis in Primary Human Bone Marrow Cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kadhim ◽  
S.A. Lorimore ◽  
K.M.S. Townsend ◽  
D.T. Goodhead ◽  
V.J. Buckle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Cytogenetic Aberrations ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Marrow Cells
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