Influence of Tillage Management and Cropping System on Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Fauna in the Northern Great Plains

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Weiss ◽  
Edward U. Balsbaugh ◽  
Ernest W. French ◽  
K. Ben Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Northern Great Plains

An economic comparison of alternative and traditional cropping systems in the northern Great Plains, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. DeVuyst ◽  
Thomas Foissey ◽  
George O. Kegode
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Commodity Programs

AbstractCurrent production practices in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota involve use of extensive tillage and/or herbicides to control weeds. Given the erosion potential, environmental concerns associated with herbicides, and herbicide-resistant weeds, alternative cropping systems that mitigate these problems need to be assessed economically. Furthermore, the role that government commodity programs play in the adoption of more ecologically friendly cropping systems needs to be determined. We evaluated 8 years of yield data (1994–2001) from field plots near Fargo, North Dakota, to compare the economics of two alternative cropping systems, reduced-input (RI) and no-till (NT), to a conventional tillage (CT) cropping system. The RI system relies on a more diverse rotation of soybean (SB), spring wheat (SW), sweet clover (SC) and rye, and uses fewer herbicide and fertilizer inputs than CT or NT. Both NT and CT systems rotate SB and SW. We found that CT returns averaged over $47 ha−1more than NT during the study period. Because SC yield data were not available, the economic competitiveness of RI was calculated using break-even yields and returns for SC. Historical SC yields in Cass County, North Dakota were not statistically different from the break-even yields. However, when government program payments were considered, break-even returns for SC increased by about $15 and $18 ha−1and break-even yields by 0.44 and 0.52 MT ha−1for RI to compare with NT and CT, respectively. These results indicate that CT management offers greater economic return than either RI or NT and that government program payments impede adoption of more environmentally friendly cropping systems in the northern Great Plains.

Soil resistance under grazed intermediate wheatgrass

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Liebig ◽  
J R Hendrickson ◽  
J D Berdahl ◽  
J F Karn
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
System Management ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass

Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] is a productive, high-quality perennial forage that lacks persistence under grazing. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three grazing times on soil bulk density, soil pH, and soil organic C under intermediate wheatgrass. Treatment effects on the three soil attributes were negligible, implying grazing time did not negatively impact intermediate wheatgrass beyond a threshold whereby critical soil functions were impaired. Findings from this study are important in the context of sustainable forage and cropping system management, where maintaining or improving critical soil functions are essential for enhancing agroecosystem sustainability. Key words: Seeded perennial forages, Northern Great Plains, soil organic C

Soil-Aggregating Bacterial Community as Affected by Irrigation, Tillage, and Cropping System in the Northern Great Plains

Soil Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Can Caesar-TonThat ◽  
William B. Stevens ◽  
Upendra M. Sainju ◽  
Anthony J. Caesar ◽  
Mark West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Northern Great Plains

Impact of tillage on field pea following spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Carr ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
R. D. Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Tillage is being reduced in semiarid regions. The impact of changing tillage practices on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) performance has not been considered in a major pea-producing area within the US northern Great Plains. A study was conducted from 2000 through 2005 to determine how field pea performance compared following spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in clean-till (CT), reduced-till (RT), and no-till (NT) systems arranged in a randomized complete block at Dickinson in southwestern North Dakota. Seed yield increased over 1600 kg ha-1 in 2000 and almost 400 kg ha-1 in 2003 under NT compared with CT, and by 960 kg ha-1 in 2000 under NT compared with RT (P < 0.05). Differences in seed yield were not detected between tillage systems in other years. Plant establishment was improved as tillage was reduced, averaging 66 plants m-2 under NT and RT compared with 60 plants m-2 under CT management. The soil water conservation that can occur after adopting NT may explain the increased seed yields that occurred in some years. These results suggest that field pea seed yield can be increased by eliminating tillage in semiarid areas of the US northern Great Plains, particularly when dry conditions develop and persist. Key words: Zero tillage, field pea, cropping system, N-fixation, legume

Green manure and phosphate rock effects on phosphorus availability in a northern Great Plains dryland organic cropping system

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Rick ◽  
Clain A. Jones ◽  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Perry R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Northern Great Plains

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Greenhouse Gas Balances in an 18-Year Cropping System Study on the Northern Great Plains

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bremer ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
B. H. Ellert ◽  
R. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
System Study

Clomazone Dissipation in Two Montana Soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Gallandt ◽  
Peter K. Fay ◽  
William P. Inskeep
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
First Order ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Chemical Fallow

Clomazone is effective as a chemical fallow herbicide; however, its soil residual properties in the Northern Great Plains are unknown. Clomazone was applied to soil at 0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ai/ha at two locations in Montana in the spring of 1986. Soil samples were taken at each location at monthly intervals for 6 months. Residual levels of the herbicide were estimated by measuring the percent chlorosis by height in oat leaves. Clomazone at 2.2 kg ai/ha applied to a loam soil dissipated to levels below 0.1 mg/kg in 3 months and applied to a silty clay loam soil dissipated to 0.2 mg/kg 6 months after application. Half-lives (t½), determined from first-order rate plots, were 33 and 37 days in the Willow Creek loam and Bozeman silty clay loam, respectively. Thus, clomazone residue from labeled-use rates should not inhibit wheat in a wheat-fallow-wheat cropping system in Montana.

Cropping sequence affects wheat productivity on the semiarid northern Great Plains

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miller ◽  
J. Waddington ◽  
C. L. McDonald ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Extension of the commonly used spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation to include broadleaf crops requires information on their effects on a following wheat crop. We grew a spring wheat test crop on the stubbles of wheat and seven broadleaf crops: desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). This study was conducted near Swift Current, SK, from 1993 to 1997, and Congress, SK, from 1995 to 1997. After harvest, soil water differed among crop stubbles and by sampling depth. To the 60-cm depth, only soil under dry bean stubble held more water (8 mm), while soil under lentil, desi chickpea, sunflower and safflower stubbles held less water (6, 8, 9 and 17 mm, respectively) than wheat stubble (P < 0.05). From 60 to 120 cm, soil under dry pea and dry bean held more water (7 and 10 mm, respectively), and under sunflower and safflower stubbles less (7 and 14 mm, respectively), than under wheat stubble (P < 0.05). Lentil, dry bean and dry pea stubbles averaged 5, 6 and 9 kg ha-1 greater soil N in the 0- to 120-cm soil depth than wheat stubble (P < 0.05). The average yield of wheat grown on the four pulse crop stubbles was 21% greater than yields on wheat stubble, but did not differ from the oilseed stubbles (P < 0.01). Compared to wheat stubble, wheat grown on broadleaf crop stubbles had higher grain protein concentrations, increasing by 8 and 5%, for pulses and oilseeds, respectively (P < 0.01). Nitrogen removal in the wheat test crop grain yield averaged 15 kg ha-1 for pulse stubbles compared with wheat stubble. Soil N contribution by pulse stubbles was an important factor contributing to wheat growth under a dryland cropping system on the northern Great Plains. Key words: Crop sequence, spring wheat, pulse crops, N cycling, water use

scholarly journals Identifying and Managing Root Rot of Pulses on the Northern Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1965-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Kan-Fa Chang ◽  
Julie S. Pasche ◽  
Debra L. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Pulse Crops

Pulse crops (annual grain legumes such as field pea, lentil, dry bean, and chickpea) have become an important component of the cropping system in the northern Great Plains of North America over the last three decades. In many areas, the intensity of damping-off, seedling blight, root rot, and premature ripening of pulse crops is increasing, resulting in reduction in stand establishment and yield. This review provides a brief description of the important pathogens that make up the root rot complex and summarizes root rot management on pulses in the region. Initially, several specific Fusarium spp., a range of Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani were identified as important components of the root rot disease complex. Molecular approaches have recently been used to identify the importance of Aphanomyces euteiches on pulses, and to demonstrate that year-to-year changes in precipitation and temperature have an important effect on pathogen prevalence. Progress has been made on management of root rot, but more IPM tools are required to provide effective disease management. Seed-treatment fungicides can reduce damping-off and seedling blight for many of the pathogens in this disease complex, but complex cocktails of active ingredients are required to protect seedlings from the pathogen complex present in most commercial fields. Partial resistance against many of the pathogens in the complex has been identified, but is not yet available in commercial cultivars. Cultural practices, especially diversified cropping rotations and early, shallow seeding, have been shown to have an important role in root rot management. Biocontrol agents may also have potential over the long term. Improved methods being developed to identify and quantify the pathogen inoculum in individual fields may help producers avoid high-risk fields and select IPM packages that enhance yield stability.

Crop diversity effects on productivity and economics: a Northern Great Plains case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Archer ◽  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
Donald L. Tanaka ◽  
Krishna P. Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Net Returns

AbstractIncreasing crop diversity has been proposed to increase the sustainability of cropping systems. If producers are to adopt these systems, they should also be economically viable. In this study conducted near Mandan, North Dakota, four no-till cropping systems with varying levels of crop diversity were evaluated over a 12-yr period to quantify system effect on crop productivity, input use, production costs, and economic risks and returns. Cropping system treatments included a small grain–fallow rotation (SG–Fallow) and a continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation (Cont SW) as baseline low-diversity rotations, a small grain–winter wheat (T. aestivumL.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) rotation (SG–WW–Sun), a 5-yr rotation (Five Year) and a dynamic rotation (Dynamic). The SG–Fallow rotation was significantly less productive and less profitable on average than the other rotations, as measured by gross returns and net returns, respectively. However, SG–Fallow also used significantly less inputs than the other rotations. Production costs for the Cont SW and SG–WW–Sun rotations showed a significant increasing trend over time, while production costs for the Five Year rotation showed a significantly lower and slight decreasing trend over the period, with cost trends for the SG–Fallow and Dynamic rotations intermediate to these. Net returns tended to increase and relative economic risk tended to decrease as crop diversity increased from SG–Fallow and Cont SW to SG–WW–Sun, Five Year and the Dynamic system. Results from this study suggest that more diverse rotations can maintain or increase crop productivity and enhance economic viability.

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